A Time to Review – Grangers, Populists, Progressives, and Other Reformers
US History/Napp Name: ______
“Governor Defeated in Recall Election”“Referendum Held on Term Limits”
“Conservationists Propose Initiative on NationalParks”
These headlines are all examples of ProgressiveEra reforms designed to
(1) place more power in the hands of the voters
(2) strengthen the power of state legislatures
(3) decrease States rights and increase federalpower
(4) exclude specific ethnic groups from the
political process
- Which statement about President Theodore Roosevelt’s Square Deal is an opinion rather than a fact?
(2) Consumer protection was an element of theSquare Deal.
(3) Square Deal policy made distinctions betweengood and bad trusts.
(4) The Square Deal was superior to any otherpresident’s program.
- President Theodore Roosevelt’s conservation efforts were influenced by a desire to
(2) increase revenues through land sales
(3) reduce the role of the federal government
(4) return tribal lands to Native American Indians
7. Which statement best expresses a common beliefamong nativists in the late 1800s and early 1900s?
(1) “Give me your tired, your poor, your huddledmasses.”
(2) “The streets are paved with gold.”
(3) “All immigrants strengthen America.”
(4) “America is for Americans.”
8. Which argument was used by Progressive Erareformers to support the use of a graduatedincome tax?
(1) Imports should be taxed to make foreigngoods more expensive than domestic goods.
(2) Taxes on corporations should be reduced sojobs can be created.
(3) People who earn more money should paytaxes at higher rates.
(4) All citizens should be taxed at the same rateto treat all people equally.
9. The formation of the National Association for theAdvancement of Colored People (NAACP) and
the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) wasprimarily a response to
(1) racism and prejudice
(2) nationalism and patriotism
(3) abolition and temperance
(4) militarism and colonialism
10. Most nativists of the late 1800s would most likelyhave supported the
(1) creation of settlement houses to aid newimmigrants
(2) passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act
(3) continuation of the contract labor system
(4) assimilation of Native American Indians intomainstream culture
15. Speaker A: Feeding and clothing the poor is amistake. Just as nature weeds out unfitmembers, a capitalist society should beallowed to do the same.
Speaker B: To provide for the common good andprotect the people, the governmentshould pass laws to prevent the sale ofalcohol.
Speaker C: To promote economic growth, the government should expand United
States markets overseas.
Speaker D: Since transportation is a publicnecessity, the government should ownand operate the railroads in the publicinterest.
Which third party held beliefs most similar tothose expressed by Speaker D?
(1) Know-Nothing (3) Populist
(2) Greenback (4) Bull Moose
16. Muckrakers Ida Tarbell and Upton Sinclairinfluenced the federal government to
(1) grant citizenship to people who had enteredthe country illegally
(2) pass legislation to correct harmful businesspractices
(3) force individual states to regulate monopolies
(4) end racial discrimination in the workplace
17. Progressive Era authors such as Jacob Riis andUpton Sinclair are best known for
(1) focusing attention on social conditions
(2) fighting for the civil rights of African
Americans
(3) promoting the interests of the American
farmer
(4) supporting the goal of woman’s suffrage
23. During the early 1900s, the term muckrakers wasused to describe
(1) pacifists who demonstrated against war
(2) writers who exposed the evils in Americansociety
(3) newspaper columnists who reported on
celebrities
(4) politicians who criticized Progressive Erapresidents
24. The initiative and referendum are considereddemocratic reforms because they
(1) permit citizens to have a more direct role inlawmaking
(2) let all registered voters select their state’s
presidential electors
(3) extend the right to vote to 18-year-old citizens
(4) allow residents of one state to bring lawsuitsagainst residents of another state
25. In the late 1800s, the Homestead steel strike andthe Pullman railcar strike were unsuccessfulbecause
(1) the government supported business owners
(2) most workers refused to take part in the strike
(3) the Supreme Court ruled both strikes wereillegal
(4) factory owners hired children to replace thestriker
26. In the early 1900s, the muckrakers provided a
service to the American public by
(1) calling for a strong military buildup
(2) lobbying for less government regulation ofbusiness
(3) exposing abuses in government and industry
(4) encouraging states to resist federal governmentauthority
31. Passage of the Dawes Act of 1887 affected NativeAmerican Indians by
(1) supporting their cultural traditions
(2) attempting to assimilate them into mainstreamAmerican culture
(3) forcing their removal from areas east of theMississippi River
(4) starting a series of Indian wars on the GreatPlains
32. The changes in American agriculture during thelate 1800s led farmers to
(1) grow fewer cash crops for export
(2) request an end to agricultural tariffs
(3) demand a reduced role for government inagriculture
(4) become more dependent on banks and
Railroads
33. The Supreme Court cases of Wabash, St. Louis &Pacific R.R. v. Illinois (1886) and United States v.E. C. Knight Co. (1895) were based on laws thatwere intended to
(1) limit the power of big business
(2) support farmers’ efforts to increase the
money supply
(3) maintain a laissez-faire approach to the
economy
(4) improve working conditions for immigrants
34. In 1906, the publication of The Jungle, written byUpton Sinclair, led Congress to
(1) enact stronger prohibition laws
(2) support the national conservation movement
(3) establish a system for meat inspection
(4) legalize strikes and boycotts by labor unions
37. Which action by the federal government duringthe late 1800s is an example of nativism?
(1) passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act
(2) creation of tribal reservations in the East
(3) grants of financial aid to western farmers
(4) support for the construction of transcontinentalrailroads
38. Which term best describes Theodore Roosevelt,John Muir, and Gifford Pinchot?
(1) philanthropists
(2) conservationists
(3) yellow journalists
(4) captains of industry
39. During the Progressive Era, many state and localgovernments adopted initiative, referendum, andrecall procedures that
(1) eliminated the need for the electoral college
(2) created political action committees (PACs)
(3) gave voters a more direct voice in government
(4) strengthened the role of the president’s
Cabinet
40. During the late 1800s, many farmers supportedthe idea that free and unlimited coinage of silverwould
(1) end farm subsidies
(2) help farmers to repay their loans
(3) lead to lower prices for consumer goods
(4) decrease prices for farmland
41. A goal of the Progressive movement was to
(1) reduce the government’s involvement in
social issues
(2) correct the problems caused by
industrialization
(3) promote laissez-faire policies
(4) promote settlement of land west of the
Mississippi River
47. In the late 1800s, the Granger movement tried toimprove conditions for farmers by
(1) lowering the rate of inflation
(2) strengthening the gold standard
(3) forcing railroads to lower their rates
(4) making labor unions stronger
48. Henry Ford produced a more affordable carprimarily because his company
(1) paid workers lower wages than its
competitors paid
(2) used foreign-made parts
(3) developed a less expensive method of
production
(4) offered a variety of options to buyers
49. The passage of the Dawes Act in 1887 wasprimarily an attempt by the United Statesgovernment to
(1) limit the power of the Bureau of Indian
Affairs
(2) return eastern land to Native American
Indian tribes
(3) encourage Native American Indians to giveup their traditional cultures
(4) hire Native American Indians as military
Scouts
50. Which reform idea was a common goal of thePopulists and the Progressives?
(1) restoration of the nation’s cities
(2) expansion of opportunities for immigrants
(3) improvement in the status of African
Americans
(4) greater control of government by the people /
- Kansas Fool
And everything that’s good to eat
And when we had no bonds or debts
We were a jolly, happy set.…
With abundant crops raised everywhere,
’Tis a mystery, I do declare.
Why farmers all should fume and fret
And why we are so deep in debt.…
~ Traditional
What is the basic cause of the farm problemdescribed by these song lyrics?
(1) limits on agricultural imports
(2) government ownership of the railroads
(3) overproduction of farm crops
(4) prolonged droughts in the Midwest
- During the 1890s, many American farmers tried to resolve their economic problems by
(2) staging violent protests against the
government
(3) supporting government aid to railroads
(4) asking Congress to end agricultural subsidies
6. The Progressive movement supported the ideathat the federal government should
(1) regulate big business
(2) reduce immigration
(3) build an overseas empire
(4) reduce the number of farms
11. A goal set at the Seneca Falls Convention (1848)was achieved during the Progressive Era by the
(1) formation of the federal Food and Drug
Administration
(2) creation of the League of Nations
(3) adoption of a national income tax
(4) ratification of the woman’s suffrage amendment
12. Books such as The Octopus by Frank Norris, Howthe Other Half Lives by Jacob Riis, and TheJungle by Upton Sinclair exposed problemsassociated with
(1) naturalization of immigrants
(2) westward expansion
(3) rapid industrialization
(4) environmental conservation
13. Which statement best expresses the melting pottheory as it relates to American society?
(1) Only European immigrants will be allowedinto the United States.
(2) All immigrant groups will maintain theirseparate cultures.
(3) Different cultures will blend to form auniquely American culture.
(4) Immigrant ghettos will develop in urbanareas.
14. In the early 1900s, Progressive Era reformerssought to increase citizen participation ingovernment by supporting the
(1) expansion of the spoils system
(2) direct election of senators
(3) creation of the electoral college
(4) formation of the Federal Reserve system
18. Which type of federal tax was authorized by the16th amendment in 1913?
(1) excise (3) income
(2) import (4) estate
19. A major purpose of the Progressive movement(1900–1917) was to
(1) stimulate the economy
(2) support government control of factory
production
(3) encourage immigration from southern andeastern Europe
(4) correct the economic and social abuses of
industrial society
20. Reformers of the early 20th century frequentlyattacked political machines because thepoliticians in these organizations often
(1) denied voting rights to the poor
(2) accepted bribes in return for favors
(3) wasted money on military spending
(4) discriminated against migrant workers
21. In the late 1800s, which group most oftensupported the views of the Populist Party?
(1) factory owners (3) farmers
(2) nativists (4) labor unions
22. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, many membersof Congress supported legislation requiringliteracy tests for immigrants in an attempt to
(1) stop illegal immigration from Latin America
(2) provide highly skilled workers for industry
(3) limit the power of urban political machines
(4) restrict immigration from southern and
eastern Europe
27. Progressive Era reformers sought to expand voterparticipation in government by adopting
(1) the initiative and referendum
(2) tougher literacy tests
(3) additional poll taxes
(4) a civil service system
28. What was a major reason most western statesgranted women suffrage prior to the adoption ofthe 19th amendment?
(1) Western states had more college-educatedwomen than the eastern states.
(2) Women outnumbered men in states west ofthe Mississippi River.
(3) A majority of western states had legislaturescontrolled by women.
(4) The important roles played by frontierwomen promoted equality.
29. What was the goal of those who supported theconstitutional amendment that provided fordirect election of United States senators?
(1) expanding the power of the legislative branch
(2) providing equal voting rights to minority
groups
(3) making the Senate more responsive to thepeople
(4) basing Senate representation on state population
30. The national income tax, free and unlimitedcoinage of silver, and the direct election ofsenators were proposals that were included in the
(1) Declaration of Sentiments
(2) Republican plan for Reconstruction
(3) Populist Party platform
(4) Federal Reserve System
35. Speaker A: It is more important now to focus onvocational training and economic
opportunities than on removing
obstacles to social equality for African
Americans.
Speaker B: The Constitution is color-blind andrecognizes no superior class in thiscountry. All citizens are equal before thelaw.
Speaker C: The American Negro [African
American] must focus on theachievement of three goals: highereducation, full political participation,and continued support for civil rights.
Speaker D: African Americans should return hometo Africa to establish their ownindependent nation free from whitecontrol.
During the early 1900s, reform leaders tried toadvance the goals of Speaker C by
(1) supporting passage of Jim Crow laws
(2) forming the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama
(3) avoiding attempts to overturn racial segregationin the courts
(4) creating the National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
36. Progressive Era reforms such as the initiative,referendum, and recall attempted to
(1) increase the power of citizens in state andlocal government
(2) reestablish the system of checks and balances
(3) provide low-interest loans to farmers
(4) expand voting rights to Native Americans
42. During the late 1800s, Southern voters solidlysupported the Democratic Party primarilybecause Democrats
(1) favored a stronger national government
(2) led efforts to advance civil rights
(3) opposed the Jim Crow legal system
(4) disliked the Reconstruction programs of theRepublicans
43. The initiative, the referendum, and the recallwere adopted by several states during theProgressive Era as ways to
(1) limit immigration
(2) promote the formation of trusts
(3) restrict the use of presidential vetoes
(4) make government more democratic
44. The influence of nativism during the 1920s is bestillustrated by the
(1) increase in the popularity of the automobile
(2) emergence of the flappers
(3) expansion of trusts and monopolies
(4) growth of the Ku Klux Klan
45. During the Progressive Era, muckrakers publishedarticles and novels primarily to
(1) advance their own political careers
(2) make Americans aware of problems in society
(3) help the federal government become moreefficient
(4) provide entertainment for readers
46. Supporters of a graduated national income taxargued that it was the fairest type of tax becausethe
(1) rate of taxation was the same for all persons
(2) rate of taxation increased as incomes rose
(3) income tax provided the most revenue for thegovernment
(4) income tax replaced state and local
government taxes
51. Jane Addams and Jacob Riis were most notablefor their efforts to
(1) treat the wounded in World War I
(2) stop the spread of diseases in Latin America
(3) legalize birth control for women
(4) aid the urban poor
52. The Federal Reserve System was created to
(1) maintain a national petroleum supply
(2) provide military support for the armed forces
(3) protect consumers from fraud
(4) manage the nation’s supply of currency andinterest rates
53. The success of the Populist Party of the 1890s canbest be measured by which development?
(1) The party replaced one of the two majorparties.
(2) The party gained support among business leaders.
(3) Two of the party’s candidates were elected tothe presidency.
(4) Several of the party’s proposed reforms weremade into laws.
54. During the Progressive Era, Jane Addamsresponded to urban conditions by working toestablish
(1) settlement houses that provided assistance tothe poor
(2) newspapers that helped to inform Americansabout slum conditions
(3) laws that restricted certain immigrant groups
(4) free public schools located in inner-city
neighborhoods
55. The common purpose of these legislative acts was to
(1) Protect the nation’s natural resources
(2) Improve conditions for recent immigrants to the United States
(3) Advance the growth of big business
(4) Promote the general welfare of the American public
56. Which trend is shown in these graphs?
(1) When production increases, prices decrease.
(2) When production increases, prices increase.
(3) When production remains unchanged, pricesdecrease.
(4) Prices and production are usually unrelated.
57. As a result of the trends shown in the graphs, thePopulist Party wanted the federal government toincrease the money supply to
(1) Raise the prices of crops
(2) Limit the exportation of corn
(3) Discourage the consumption of corn
(4) Increase agricultural imports
58. This cartoon is expressing support for
(1) The Populist crusade (3) national Prohibition
(2) Woman’s suffrage (4) protective tariffs
59. During World War I, many American womenhelped gain support for the suffrage movementby
(1) Protesting against the war
(2) Joining the military service
(3) Lobbying for child-care facilities
(4) Working in wartime industries
60. Which generalization about labor unions in the United States is most clearly supportedby information on the map?
(1) The federal government supported labor union activities.
(2) Strikes by labor unions were often suppressed by government actions.
(3) Labor union membership was limited to mine workers.
(4) State governments offered to arbitrate labor disputes.
61. Which was the first labor strike to end with the president intervening on behalf of theworkers?
(1) 1886 Haymarket Affair (3) 1902 Anthracite Coal Strike
(2) 1894 Pullman Strike (4) 1912 Textile Strike
62. Speaker A: Until the 1880s, most immigrants camefrom the same European countrieswhere colonial immigrants originated.
Speaker B: “New” immigrants of the late 1800s oftenexperienced discrimination.
Speaker C: The use of a quota system is the best wayto address the issues of immigration.
Speaker D: Today’s immigrants take too many jobsaway from those who were born in
America.
Which two speakers are expressing an opinionrelated to United States immigration?
(1) A and B (3) B and D
(2) A and C (4) C and D
63. The “new” immigrants referred to by Speaker Bcame mainly from
(1) Western and northern Europe
(2) Southern and eastern Europe
(3) Africa and Asia
(4) Central America and South America