Concepts: Mid-Term Exam: EEOS 122
policy (and the 5 step policy-making process)
8 design principles (Ostrom)
agenda setting (think Terry Shivo and other cases discussed in class)
policy implementation
federal (national), state, & local levels of gov't
federal system/federalism
3 branches: legislative, executive, judicial
checks & balances (for example, what is the role of the judicial branch in environmental
policy-making?)
Government contractors
taxation
elected officials, appointed officials, the cabinet
the role of science, risk and framing in environmental debate (Layzer reading)
the role of values in environmental policy-making
"the administration" (elected + appointed officials)
civil servants (bureaucrats), contractors
administrative agencies (bureaucracy)
nongovernmental organizations (NGOS)
organizational resources (man-power, money, political connections)
lobbying
environmental litigation (when laws are challenged in court cases)
role of political parties
tactics of business (and examples)
strategies & tactics
cornucopians and environmentalists
pollution
federal government role in setting air and water quality standards
state government role in setting air and water quality standards
preservation versus conservation
common-pool resource management
tragedy of the commons, roving bandits
ElinorOstrom and her problem definition and solution to the TOC
Garret Hardin and his problem definition and solution to TOC
old commons versus new commons
The “modern environmental” movement and history (phases) of environmental
movements in the US
Garret Hardin and Eleanor Ostrom
John Muir and Gifford Pinchot
“If a tree falls” be able to define terrorism
Panarchy Cycle
Tipping Points
Differentiating between ecological footprint, IPAT, GDP, Per Capita GDP
Trade-offs in managing ecosystems
Ecosystem services
Sustainability
Questions
What are the steps and describe the policy-making process?
Why do we need public policy to address environmental issues? Why are individual
actions to improve the environment not enough?
What political arenas do activists target (e.g., the 3 branches of gov’t, the
media, or the streets)?
What political arenas do businesses target?
Give some examples of common-pool resources currently managed by the government
and describe how they are managed.
What is the difference between the definition of the problem and the solution to common-
pool resource management from the perspective of Hardin and Ostrom?
Please discuss 3 of the “design principles” of common-pool management outlined by
Ostrom.
What is the difference between a government contractor and a civil servant?
Define ecosystem services and give 3 examples.
Describe the process of checks and balances between the 3 branches of government.