Bacteria Student Note Guide

A.Two Kingdoms

1. Kingdom Eubacteria ______

2. Kingdom Archaebacteria ______

a. Thermophiles – ______

b. Halophiles – ______

e.g. ______is 10-15% ______

B. General Information

1. Structure:

A. ______(no nucleus)

B. _____-cellular

C. ______

D. genetic code = ______

2. Ubiquitous = ______

3. Most ______of all living organisms

C. Structure

1. 2 types of ______

– can be identified by ______reaction

a. Gram positive ______layer of peptidoglycan (protein) in cell wall

b. Gram negative ______layer of petidoglycan in cell wall

c. Gram stain tells which ______

will work against it

2. Capsule – may or may not be present-

(have capsule = ______

3. Pili

a. Short hair-like projections

b. f(x)s=

1). ______to host

2). ______(______reproduction)

4. Endospores

a. formed under______

b. Thick walled outside with DNA inside

c. Can grow after many years

d. (some ______anthrax spores grew)

5. Shapes

a. Coccus– ______cocci (plural

b. Bacillus-______bacilli (plural)

c. Spirillum-______spirilli (plural)

6. Groupings of Bacteria

a. diplo-

b. strepto-

c. staphylo-

Groupings of Bacteria

7. Bacterial Reproduction

a. Asexual-______

v only ___ needed

v no ______

v good for ______

b. Sexual - ______

v takes ______

v ______diversity

v allows bacteria to transfer ______btwn. species

8. Classification of Bacteria

a. ______Staining

b______& ______

c. How they obtain ______

1). ______

eg. Anabena fixes ______

2).Chemo – autotrophic (______)

Ø Some “eat” : NH3 ______

H2S ______

Ø Some make CH4 (______)

3). ______(“other” feeding) eat others

4).______- must have oxygen

5).______- oxygen kills them

eg. Clostridium tetani ______

Clostridium botulinum ______

6).______–

can live with or with out oxygen

9. Controlling Bacteria

a. ______

1). How do they work?

______cell walls or prevent ______

2). Increases animal ______

Ø Greatly reduces the infant mortality rate

Ø Fight diseases, save lives

b. ______

1). ______kills bacteria

2). ______used to kill bacteria

c. ______

1). Keep foods ____ enough or _____ enough to

______bacterial growth

(cook, steam, boil, freeze)

2). Can / preserve with:______

d. ______for preservation

10. How are bacteria pathogens? ______

a. ______(eat) or ______(blow up) host cells (cell, tissue______)

b. Secrete toxins ______

c. Food poisoning examples

1). Salmonella -

2). Staphylococcus aureus -

3). Clostridium botulinum -

4). Eschericia coli -

11. Helpful Bacteria

a. ______on plant roots (______)

(plants need nitrogen to live! & all animals need plants to live…)

b. Food production eg.

c. Industrial/ other uses

· ______

· ______clean up (______)

· ______purification

· Synthesis of ______& other ______engineering e.g. ______

· ______making (helps tourism)

d. Symbiosis

· ______digesters in cattle guts

· ______in human large intestine

12. Harmful Bacteria

a. ______(cause disease)

e.g

b. Food poisoning e.g.