Atomic Structure and Types of Atoms
Atomic Structure
The ______of an atom contains ______
______that together make up nearly all of an atom’s ______.
The only exception is the nucleus of the ______atom, which usually consists of a single ______.
A ______made of a series of energy levels occupies ______of an atom.
Size of an Atom If the nucleus of an atom were the size of a pencil eraser on home plate of this baseball field, its electrons could be farther away than the outfield.
A carbon atom consists of protons and neutrons in a nucleus that is surrounded by electrons.
Applying Concepts What effect do the neutrons in the nucleus have on the atom’s electric charge? ______
______
______
Comparing Particle Masses
Although ______occupy most of an atom’s ______, they don’t account for much of its mass.
It takes almost ______electrons to equal the mass of just ______.
On the other hand, a proton and a neutron are about ______.
Together, the ______make up nearly ______
______of an atom.
Atoms are ______to be measured in everyday units of mass, such as grams or kilograms.
Instead, scientists use units known as ______.
A proton or a neutron has a mass equal to about ______.
The mass of an electron is about ______.
Atoms and Elements
Each element consists of ______from the atoms of all other elements.
One thing that makes each atom different is the ______found in its nucleus.
______have the same number of protons.
Therefore, an element ______by the number of protons in the nucleus of its atoms.
Atomic Number
Every atom of an element has the ______.
For example, the nucleus of every carbon atom contains ______.
Every ______atom has 8 protons, and every ______atom has 26 protons.
Each element has a unique atomic number—______
______.
Carbon’s atomic number is 6, oxygen’s is 8, and iron’s is 26.
Isotopes
Although all atoms of an element have the same number of protons, their number of ______can vary.
Atoms with the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons are called ______(eye suh tohps).
Three isotopes of carbon are illustrated in Figure 3.
Each carbon atom has 6 protons, but you can see that the number of neutrons is ______.
An isotope is identified by its mass number, which is the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
The most common isotope of carbon has a mass number of 12 (6 protons + 6 neutrons) and may be written as “carbon-12.”
Two other isotopes are carbon-13 and carbon-14.
As shown in Figure 3, a symbol with the mass number above and the atomic number below may also be used to represent an isotope.
Although these carbon atoms have different mass numbers, all carbon atoms react the same way chemically.
Isotopes Atoms of all isotopes of carbon contain 6protons, but they differ in their number of neutrons.
Carbon-12 is the most common isotope.
Interpreting Diagrams Which isotope of carbon has the largest mass number? ______
Ions
Atoms can also change the number of ______they have.
An atom with an ______number of protons and electrons is electrically ______.
Atoms can ______electrons with other atoms.
When an atom has more or less electrons than protons, it is called an ______.
Ions are ______.
Ions can either have ______which would result in an overall ______
______atom, or ______which would result in an overall ______atom.
Fill in the chart below with the three particles found in an atom.
Particle / Found / Size (amu) / ChargeDiagram of an atom: Draw and label and atom with 7 protons, 7 neutrons, and 7 electrons below.