Chapter 28 - Plant Nutrition and Transport
Multiple Choice1.The Army and the Environmental Protection Agency are decreasing the contamination at the Army's Aberdeen Proving Grounds by ____.
a. / removing contaminated soil
b. / planting hybrid poplar trees
c. / chemically degrading the contaminants
d. / covering the contaminated soil with a sealant
e. / injecting the soil with clean water to dilute the contaminated groundwater
ANSWER: / b
DIFFICULTY: / Bloom’s: Remember
REFERENCES: / 28.1 Leafy Cleanup
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES: / UDOL.STES.16.28.1 - Examine the benefits of phytoremediation using an example.
2.Organisms that are used to decontaminate soils ____.
a. / cannot store pollutants in their tissues
b. / cannot release pollutants into the air
c. / do not degrade pollutants
d. / typically die from the pollutants
e. / release pollutants into the air and/or degrade the pollutants
ANSWER: / e
DIFFICULTY: / Bloom’s: Understand
REFERENCES: / 28.1 Leafy Cleanup
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES: / UDOL.STES.16.28.1 - Examine the benefits of phytoremediation using an example.
3.With metal pollutants, the best phytoremediation uses ____.
a. / hydrologic injections that dilute the groundwater
b. / chemical injections that degrade the pollutants
c. / plants that take up toxins and store them in aboveground tissues
d. / plants that prevent the toxins from being absorbed in their tissues
e. / plants that can breakdown the toxins and release them into the air
ANSWER: / c
DIFFICULTY: / Bloom’s: Remember
REFERENCES: / 28.1 Leafy Cleanup
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES: / UDOL.STES.16.28.1 - Examine the benefits of phytoremediation using an example.
4.Which element is considered a macronutrient needed by plants?
a. / manganese
b. / iron
c. / copper
d. / potassium
e. / boron
ANSWER: / d
DIFFICULTY: / Bloom’s: Understand
REFERENCES: / 28.2 Plant Nutrients and Availability in Soil
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES: / UDOL.STES.16.28.2 - Determine the composition of different soils and the role of soils in providing nutrients for plants.
5.Which element is considered a micronutrient needed by plants?
a. / carbon
b. / hydrogen
c. / nitrogen
d. / magnesium
e. / zinc
ANSWER: / e
DIFFICULTY: / Bloom’s: Understand
REFERENCES: / 28.2 Plant Nutrients and Availability in Soil
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES: / UDOL.STES.16.28.2 - Determine the composition of different soils and the role of soils in providing nutrients for plants.
Figure 28.2
The following two questions refer to the accompanying figure illustrating soil horizons.
6.Which soil horizon has no organic matter or weathered rock?
a. / O Horizon
b. / A Horizon
c. / B Horizon
d. / C Horizon
e. / bedrock
ANSWER: / e
DIFFICULTY: / Bloom’s: Evaluate
REFERENCES: / 28.2 Plant Nutrients and Availability in Soil
PREFACENAME: / Figure 28.2
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES: / UDOL.STES.16.28.2 - Determine the composition of different soils and the role of soils in providing nutrients for plants.
7.Which soil horizon is composed of organic litter?
a. / O Horizon
b. / A Horizon
c. / B Horizon
d. / C Horizon
e. / Bedrock
ANSWER: / a
DIFFICULTY: / Bloom’s: Evaluate
REFERENCES: / 28.2 Plant Nutrients and Availability in Soil
PREFACENAME: / Figure 28.2
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES: / UDOL.STES.16.28.2 - Determine the composition of different soils and the role of soils in providing nutrients for plants.
8.Which type of soil has the best oxygen and water penetration to support plant growth?
a. / sand
b. / silt
c. / loam
d. / clay
e. / humus
ANSWER: / c
DIFFICULTY: / Bloom’s: Apply
REFERENCES: / 28.2 Plant Nutrients and Availability in Soil
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES: / UDOL.STES.16.28.2 - Determine the composition of different soils and the role of soils in providing nutrients for plants.
9.Decomposing organic material that releases nutrients that are used by plants is called ____.
a. / humus
b. / loam
c. / silt
d. / bedrock
e. / a macronutrient
ANSWER: / a
DIFFICULTY: / Bloom’s: Understand
REFERENCES: / 28.2 Plant Nutrients and Availability in Soil
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES: / UDOL.STES.16.28.2 - Determine the composition of different soils and the role of soils in providing nutrients for plants.
10.A mutually beneficial interaction between a root and a fungus is called ____.
a. / nitrogen fixation
b. / Rhizobium
c. / mycorrhiza
d. / hyphae
e. / root nodules
ANSWER: / c
DIFFICULTY: / Bloom’s: Remember
REFERENCES: / 28.3 Root Adaptations for Nutrient Uptake
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES: / 28.4 - Outline the specializations used by roots to absorb soil nutrients.
NOTES: / new
11.What drives the movement of soil water, through a root’s epidermis and cortex, to the vascular cylinder?
a. / translocation
b. / pressure flow
c. / Casparian strip
d. / osmosis
e. / active transport
ANSWER: / d
DIFFICULTY: / Bloom’s: Understand
REFERENCES: / 28.3 Root Adaptations for Nutrient Uptake
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES: / 28.3 - Examine the uptake of soil water by roots using a diagram.
12.Root structures that grow around and encapsulate mutualistic nitrogen-fixing bacteria are called ____.
a. / hyphae
b. / mycorrhizae
c. / Casparian strip
d. / root hairs
e. / root nodules
ANSWER: / e
DIFFICULTY: / Bloom’s: Understand
REFERENCES: / 28.3 Root Adaptations for Nutrient Uptake
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES: / UDOL.STES.16.28.4 - Outline the specializations used by roots to absorb soil nutrients.
13.Filaments of a fungus that form a velvety cloak around roots or penetrate their cells aiding in the mutualistic relationship between the plant and fungus are called ____.
a. / hyphae
b. / mycorrhizae
c. / root nodules
d. / root hairs
e. / Rhizobium
ANSWER: / a
DIFFICULTY: / Bloom’s: Understand
REFERENCES: / 28.3 Root Adaptations for Nutrient Uptake
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES: / UDOL.STES.16.28.4 - Outline the specializations used by roots to absorb soil nutrients.
14.Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert ____ to ____, which is a form of nitrogen that plants can use.
a. / nitrogen gas; ammonia
b. / ammonia; nitrogen gas
c. / nitrogen gas; nitrates
d. / nitrogen gas; nitrites
e. / ammonia; nitrates
ANSWER: / a
DIFFICULTY: / Bloom’s: Remember
REFERENCES: / 28.3 Root Adaptations for Nutrient Uptake
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES: / UDOL.STES.16.28.4 - Outline the specializations used by roots to absorb soil nutrients.
NOTES: / modified
15.The Casparian strip prevents water from diffusing through the ____.
a. / epidermis
b. / vascular tissue
c. / cortex
d. / cytoplasm of endodermal cells
e. / endodermal cell walls
ANSWER: / e
DIFFICULTY: / Bloom’s: Remember
REFERENCES: / 28.3 Root Adaptations for Nutrient Uptake
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES: / UDOL.STES.16.28.3 - Examine the uptake of soil water by roots using a diagram.
16.Water can diffuse directly across lipid bilayers, but ions cannot. What aids the ions in water in entering or exiting a cell?
a. / transport proteins in a cell’s cytoplasm
b. / transport proteins in a cell’s plasma membrane
c. / sugars produced in source regions
d. / organic compounds stored in plant tissues
e. / companion cells
ANSWER: / b
DIFFICULTY: / Bloom’s: Remember
REFERENCES: / 28.3 Root Adaptations for Nutrient Uptake
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES: / UDOL.STES.16.28.3 - Examine the uptake of soil water by roots using a diagram.
17.Which theory of water transport states that hydrogen bonding allows water molecules to maintain a continuous fluid column as water is pulled from roots to leaves?
a. / pressure flow
b. / evaporation-condensation
c. / cohesion-tension
d. / osmotic pressure
e. / bulk flow
ANSWER: / c
DIFFICULTY: / Bloom’s: Remember
REFERENCES: / 28.4 Water Movement Inside Plants
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES: / UDOL.STES.16.28.5 - Examine the role of the xylem in transporting water inside plants and the cohesion—tension theory.
18.Angiosperms have two types of xylem tubes, each composed of one cell type, either ____ or ____.
a. / vessel elements; companion cells
b. / sieve elements; companion cells
c. / sieve elements; tracheids
d. / vessel elements; sieve elements
e. / vessel elements; tracheids
ANSWER: / e
DIFFICULTY: / Bloom’s: Understand
REFERENCES: / 28.4 Water Movement Inside Plants
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES: / UDOL.STES.16.28.5 - Examine the role of the xylem in transporting water inside plants and the cohesion—tension theory.
19.What type of water-conducting cells has perforation plates on their ends?
a. / tracheids
b. / vessel elements
c. / sieve elements
d. / companion cells
e. / sieve tubes
ANSWER: / b
DIFFICULTY: / Bloom’s: Understand
REFERENCES: / 28.4 Water Movement Inside Plants
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES: / UDOL.STES.16.28.5 - Examine the role of the xylem in transporting water inside plants and the cohesion—tension theory.
20.Most of the water moving through a plant is lost through ____.
a. / osmotic gradients in the soil
b. / transpiration
c. / translocation
d. / photolysis
e. / photosynthesis
ANSWER: / b
DIFFICULTY: / Bloom’s: Understand
REFERENCES: / 28.5 Water-Conserving Adaptations of Stems and Leaves
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES: / UDOL.STES.16.28.6 - Examine the mechanisms used by plants to conserve water internally.
NOTES: / modified
21.The cuticle helps a plant conserve water by ____.
a. / covering the stomata
b. / reducing a plant’s capacity for photosynthesis
c. / absorbing visible light
d. / restricting the amount of water a plant’s root absorbs
e. / restricting the amount of water vapor that diffuses out of aboveground parts.
ANSWER: / e
DIFFICULTY: / Bloom’s: Remember
REFERENCES: / 28.5 Water-Conserving Adaptations of Stems and Leaves
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES: / UDOL.STES.16.28.6 - Examine the mechanisms used by plants to conserve water internally.
22.An opening in leaves that functions in the exchange of gases is called a ____.
a. / cuticle
b. / stoma
c. / guard cell
d. / pit
e. / pore
ANSWER: / b
DIFFICULTY: / Bloom’s: Remember
REFERENCES: / 28.5 Water-Conserving Adaptations of Stems and Leaves
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES: / UDOL.STES.16.28.6 - Examine the mechanisms used by plants to conserve water internally.
23.During the day, an open stomata loses about ____ molecule(s) of water for every molecule of carbon dioxide it takes in.
a. / 1
b. / 10
c. / 25
d. / 100
e. / 400
ANSWER: / e
DIFFICULTY: / Bloom’s: Remember
REFERENCES: / 28.5 Water-Conserving Adaptations of Stems and Leaves
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES: / UDOL.STES.16.28.6 - Examine the mechanisms used by plants to conserve water internally.
24.A difference in charge between guard cell cytoplasm and extracellular fluid is called ____.
a. / osmosis
b. / tension
c. / turgor
d. / pressure gradient
e. / voltage
ANSWER: / e
DIFFICULTY: / Bloom’s: Understand
REFERENCES: / 28.5 Water-Conserving Adaptations of Stems and Leaves
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES: / UDOL.STES.16.28.6 - Examine the mechanisms used by plants to conserve water internally.
25.The stomata ____.
a. / open at night in most plants
b. / are open when the guard cells are swollen with water
c. / close when water moves into the guard cells
d. / are covered by the cuticle to reduce water loss
e. / allow water to enter plant leaves
ANSWER: / b
DIFFICULTY: / Bloom’s: Understand
REFERENCES: / 28.5 Water-Conserving Adaptations of Stems and Leaves
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES: / UDOL.STES.16.28.6 - Examine the mechanisms used by plants to conserve water internally.
26.Conducting tubes of phloem consist of stacks of ____.
a. / dead sieve elements
b. / living sieve elements
c. / dead vessel elements
d. / living vessel elements
e. / dead companion cells
ANSWER: / b
DIFFICULTY: / Bloom’s: Understand
REFERENCES: / 28.6 Movement of Organic Compounds in Plants
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES: / UDOL.STES.16.28.7 - Outline the pressure flow theory.
27.What is the function of companion cells?
a. / These cells provide metabolic support to vessel elements.
b. / These cells provide metabolic support to sieve elements.
c. / These cells provide metabolic support to tracheids.
d. / These cells prevent water from entering the endodermis.
e. / These cells control the opening and closing of stomata.
ANSWER: / b
DIFFICULTY: / Bloom’s: Understand
REFERENCES: / 28.6 Movement of Organic Compounds in Plants
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES: / UDOL.STES.16.28.7 - Outline the pressure flow theory.
28.Movement of soluble organic material through sieve tube members occurs through ____.
a. / translocation
b. / active transport
c. / cohesion-tension
d. / transpiration
e. / facilitated transport
ANSWER: / a
DIFFICULTY: / Bloom’s: Remember
REFERENCES: / 28.6 Movement of Organic Compounds in Plants
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES: / UDOL.STES.16.28.7 - Outline the pressure flow theory.
29.Sieve tubes are different from vessel elements because they ____.
a. / do not have nuclei
b. / are not connected to each other
c. / are alive at maturity
d. / conduct minerals
e. / transport water
ANSWER: / c
DIFFICULTY: / Bloom’s: Apply
REFERENCES: / 28.6 Movement of Organic Compounds in Plants
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES: / UDOL.STES.16.28.7 - Outline the pressure flow theory.
30.The movement of organic compounds throughout plants is described as ____.
a. / cohesion-tension
b. / source-to-sink
c. / facilitated transport
d. / active transport
e. / transpiration pull
ANSWER: / b
DIFFICULTY: / Bloom’s: Remember
REFERENCES: / 28.6 Movement of Organic Compounds in Plants
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES: / UDOL.STES.16.28.7 - Outline the pressure flow theory.
31.The pitted end walls of sieve elements are called ____.
a. / plasmodesmata
b. / sieve tubes
c. / companion cells
d. / perforation plates
e. / sieve plates
ANSWER: / e
DIFFICULTY: / Bloom’s: Understand
REFERENCES: / 28.6 Movement of Organic Compounds in Plants
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES: / UDOL.STES.16.28.7 - Outline the pressure flow theory.
32.A region of plant tissue where sugars are being produced or released from storage is called ____.
a. / cortex
b. / plasmodesmata
c. / stoma
d. / a source
e. / a sink
ANSWER: / d
DIFFICULTY: / Bloom’s:
REFERENCES: / 28.6 Movement of Organic Compounds in Plants
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES: / UDOL.STES.16.28.7 - Outline the pressure flow theory.
33.The generally accepted explanation for the movement of organic compounds in phloem is ____.
a. / the cohesion-tension theory
b. / the pressure flow theory
c. / active transport
d. / the transpiration-pull theory
e. / root pressure
ANSWER: / b
DIFFICULTY: / Bloom’s: Understand
REFERENCES: / 28.6 Movement of Organic Compounds in Plants
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES: / UDOL.STES.16.28.7 - Outline the pressure flow theory.
Figure 28.14
The following three questions refer to the accompanying figure illustrating transport in phloem.
34.Companion cell assisted loading of organic compounds is indicated by letter ____.