Test match, one day and T20 cricket
Test Match Cricket
Test match cricket is the longest form of the sport of cricket and regarded by players and serious cricket fans as the ultimate test of playing ability as compared to one-day international cricket. Test matches are played only between national representative teams selected from the best players within a particular nation.
Match Conduct
Test cricket is played over five days, with three sessions of two hours interspersed with a 40-minute break for lunch and 20-minute break forafternoon tea per day.
A team winning the toss of the coin (for the purposes of this explanation, they will be termed "team A", with their opponents called "team B") chooses whether to bat or bowl first, and bats either until each batter is dismissed or they choose to stop batting (called a "declaration"). There is no limit to how long they can bat provided there remain at least two batsmen who have not been dismissed. The teams then swap roles, with team B batting and team A bowling (and fielding). If team B is dismissed with a score 200 runs or more behind team A, team A has the choice whether to make team B bat again for their "second innings" (called "enforcing the follow-on"), or bat itself to gain a bigger lead.
If the follow-on is enforced, team B bats until it is dismissed or declares. If team B's total score from both its innings is less than team A's score from the first innings, team A wins the game. If this is not the case, team A must bat in its second innings to attempt to score more than team B. If it succeeds in the remaining time, team A, wins. If it is dismissed before this occurs, team B wins (though this is very unusual - teams who enforce the follow-on very rarely lose). If time runs out before either of the above occurs, the game is called a draw.
Test match, one day and T20 cricket
If the follow-on is not enforced, or team B's score is sufficiently large so that the follow-on cannot be enforced, once team B is dismissed or declares, team A then bats again until it is dismissed or declares, or time runs out (in which case the game is a draw). If team A's total score for its two innings is less than team B's score from its innings, team B is declared the winner. Otherwise, team B must bat again. If their total score gets to more than team A's total, they win the match. If they are dismissed before reaching team A's total, team A wins the match. If neither occurs before the scheduled end of the match, it is a draw.
Finally, if both teams end up being dismissed twice with the same combined totals, the game is a tie. With the comparatively high scores in cricket, only two ties have occurred over the entire history of several thousand test match games. Both matches are regarded as amongst the most exciting ever played.
One Day Cricket
A form of cricket that is completed in a single day, as distinct from Test cricket and domestic first-class cricket, which can often take up to five days to complete or obtain a result. One day cricket, unlike test cricket, always ends with a result in a single days play.
In a one-day match, each team bats only once and their innings are limited to a set number of overs, usually fifty, however, this can vary as a result of poor weather etc. Other changes to the game include additional restrictions on where fielders may be placed (preventing teams from placing every fielder on the edge of the field to prevent boundaries) and stricter rules on wide balls and short deliveries (to prevent teams from restricting scoring by bowling deliveries that batters have no chance to score from). In most games, a white ball is used rather than the traditional red and as a result, the need to paint rather than stain the white ball gives it subtly different characteristics in flight as it wears. The white ball is generally restricted to matches played during the afternoon and into the evening, such matches are also known as day-night
Test match, one day and T20 cricket
matches. Day-night matches require the team batting second to commence their innings under stadium lights as a result of the lack of available natural sunlight.
Players in one day cricket are generally attired in brightly coloured clothing to add spectator interest and to further enhance the appeal to the television networks, which broadcast many one day international matches.
One-day cricket originally began between English County teams in the 1960's. The first one-day international was played in Melbourne, Australia, in 1971, with the quadrennial Cricket World Cup began in 1975. Many of the "packaging" innovations, such as coloured clothing, were as a result of World Series Cricket, a "rebel" series set up outside the cricketing establishment by Australian media entrepreneur Kerry Packer.
One-day cricket is popular with spectators, as it can encourage aggressive, risky and entertaining batting, which often results in cliffhanger endings. It also ensures a spectator can go and see an entire match without committing to five days of continuous attendance, which is often subject to adverse weather conditions. There is no doubt that one day cricket often appeals to those who would normally find five days of test match cricket very boring. Since its inception, one day cricket has attracted a huge following.
One day cricket is often called limited-over cricket.
One day cricket is often referred to by cricket purists (those who follow test match cricket) as “hit and giggle” or pyjama cricket, a term which relates to the coloured clothing/uniforms worn by the players.
Twenty20 Cricket
Twenty20 cricket is the new and dynamic version of cricket. The purpose of Twenty20 is to popularize the game of cricket all over the world. Therefore the rules of Twenty20 are little bit different and interesting from standard cricketing rules.
Test match, one day and T20 cricket
A Twenty20 game is completed in about three hours, with each innings lasting around 75 minutes.
Twenty20 cricket – Rules
The basic rules of Twenty20 cricket are fundamentally similar to a one inning one day international cricket match. Each team in a Twenty20 cricket match has a maximum of 20 overs.
Rule 1 : The Free Hit
This Twenty20 cricket rule states that following a no-ball as a result of overstepping, the next ball shall be a Free Hit. For this ball, the batsman is not given out by any way in the cricket rules apart from being run-out.
Rule 2 : Power to the Umpires
Umpires may award five runs to one of the teams playing the Twenty20 cricket match, in case they feel that the other team is needlessly wasting time.
Rule 3 : Twenty overs within 75 minutes
This rule imposes strict penalties on bowling teams not completing their alloted 20 overs within 75 minutes. As per this rule of Twenty20 cricket, a bonus of 6 runs is awarded to the batting team in case the bowling team does not begin their 20th over before 75 minutes.
Rule 4 : Bowling Restrictions
Bowlers can bowl a maximum of 4 overs.
Rule 5 : Fielding Restrictions
Only 5 fielders can field on the leg side at any point of time. A maximum of two fielders can be outside the ring in the first 6 overs and a maximum of five fielders can be outside the ring for the remaining 14 overs.
Test match, one day and T20 cricket
Rule 6 : Bowl-outs
This rule applies to matches that end in a tie. This rule introduces a novel bowl-out to decide on the outcome of the Twenty20 cricket match. Five bowlers from either team are allowed to bowl two balls at the wicket with no batsman at the crease. The maximum times the wicket is castled by either team decides the outcome of the Twenty20 match.
Interval
The interval will normally be of 15 minutes duration. In reduced overs matches, the interval will be cut to 10 minutes.
Re-arrangement of Overs
Teams have one hour 15 minutes to bowl 20 overs. In the first innings, the calculation of the number of overs to be bowled shall be based on one over for every full 3.75 minutes in the total time available for play up to the scheduled close of play. In the second innings of the match, overs shall be reduced at a rate of one over for every full 3.75 minutes lost, unless the first innings finished early / second innings started early in which case no overs are lost until the time that has been gained is subsequently lost.
Timed Out
The incoming batsman must be in position to take guard or for his partner to be ready to receive the next ball (or for his partner to receive the next ball) within one minute 30 seconds of the fall of the previous wicket.
Ball
White Kookaburra balls are to be used.
The Result
Each side must have faced (or had the opportunity to face) five overs in order to constitute a match. The Duckworth Lewis Method shall be used in
Test match, one day and T20 cricket
interrupted matches.
Restrictions on the Placement of Fieldsmen
Fielding restrictions apply for the first six overs of each innings.
Number of Overs per Bowler
Each bowler may bowl a maximum of four overs. In a delayed or interrupted match, no bowler may bowl more than one fifth of the total overs allowed unless such a number has been exceeded before the interruption.
Free Hit after a Foot Fault No Ball
Short Pitched Bowling
As in other one-day competitions, one short-pitched ball is allowed per over.
Over-Rate Penalties
The six-run penalty for each over not bowled will apply - all sides are expected to be in position to bowl the first ball of the last of their 20 overs within one hour 15 minutes playing time. In reduced over matches, the fielding side has one over's leeway in addition to any time that the Umpires may allow for stoppages.
Umpires are instructed to apply a strict interpretation of time-wasting by the batsman (five-run penalties). Specifically, batsmen are expected to be ready for the start of a new over as soon as the bowler is ready.
1) First and foremost, Twenty20 is a 20 overs each side cricket match. So, each bowler is allowed to bowl a maximum of 4 overs whereas in ODI's, which were of 50 overs per side, 10 overs were maximum for any bowler.
2) When first Twenty20 cricket were started in England, fielding restriction were applied for first 6 overs whereas it were 20 overs for a full 50 overs ODI.
3) The Time out Rule - usually, 3 minutes are given to a new batsman to come to the wicket after a fall of wicket, but in Twenty20, this rule is changed to 1
Test match, one day and T20 cricket
minute and 30 seconds. Even the interval time for the break of innings is limited to just 15 minutes.
4) In ODI cricket, a no ball costs the fielding side 1 run and also the runs scored by the batsmen off that illegal ball... but in Twenty20 cricket matches, 2 runs are awarded to the batting side for a "foot no ball" bowled by their bowler. And also a free hit off the next delivery..
5) In ODI cricket, penalties were given to the teams who fail to bowl their quota of overs in the speculated time but in TWenty20 cricket rules, penalties are there for the team who bowls their overs quickly as well. Each team is given one hour and 15 minutes = 75 minutes to bowl their 20 overs. This means 3.75 minutes for each over. Teams will be penalized if they fail to bowl at that rate, and also penalized if they go faster than that.... what a bizarre rule but its true friend..!!
6) Bouncers - Now here is no difference between one day internationals and Twenty20 cricket matches. Each bowler is allowed one bouncer each over.
7) If the match ends with the scores tied and there must be a winner, the tie is broken with a bowl out which means that five bowlers from each side bowling 2 balls at an unguarded wicket, very similar to what penalty shootouts in Football is. If the number of wickets is equal after the first 10 balls per side, the bowling continues and is decided by sudden death, which means that whichever teams bowler misses the wicket first, his team looses..!!