EXERCISE 1. Forming the Passive. (Chart 11-1)

Exercices

Chapter 11

The passive Exercices

EXERCISE 1. Forming the passive. (Chart 11-1)

Directions: Change the active to the passive.

Tom opens the door. The door is opened by Tom.
Tom is opening the door.  The door ------by Tom.
Tom has opened the door.  The door------by Tom.
Tom opened the door.  The door ------by Tom.
Tom was opening the door.  The door------by Tom.
Tom had opened the door. The door------by Tom.
Tom will open the door. The door------by Tom.
Tom is going to open the door. The door------by Tom.
Tom will have opened the door. The door------by Tom.
Is Tom opening the door? ------The door------by Tom?
Did Tom open the door? ------The door------by Tom?
Has Tom opened the door? ------The door------by Tom?

EXERCISE 2. Forming the passive. (Chart 11-1)

PART 1. Change the active to passive.

Shakespeare wrote that play. That play was written by Shakespeare.
Waitresses and waiters serve customers.
The teacher is going to explain the lesson.
Shirley has suggested a new idea.
Bill will invite Ann to the party.
Alex is preparing that report.
Two horses were pullingthe farmer's wagon.
Kathy had returned the book to the library.
By this time tomorrow, the president will have made the announcement.
I didn't write that note. Jim wrote it.
Alice didn't make that pie. Did Mrs. French make it?
Does Prof. Jackson teach that course? I know that Prof. Adams doesn't teach it.
Mrs. Andrews hasn't signed those papers yet. Has Mr. Andrews signed them yet?
Is Mr. Brown painting your house?
His tricks won't fool me.

PART II. Change the passive to active.

That sentence was written by Omar.
Our papers are going to be collected by the teacher.
Was the electric light bulb invented by Thomas Edison?
The speed limit on Highway 5 isn't obeyed by most drivers.
Have you been informed of a proposed increase in our rent by the building superintendent?

EXERCISE 3. Forming the passive. (Chart 11-1)

Directions:Change the active to passive if possible. Some verbs are intransitive and cannot be changed.

A strange thing happened yesterday. (no change)
Jackie scored the winning goal.  The winning goal was scored by Jackie.
My cat died.
I agree with Dr. Ikeda's theory.
Dr. Ikeda developed that theory.
Timmy dropped the cup.
The cup fell to the floor.
The assistant manager interviewed me.
It rained hard yesterday.
A hurricane destroyed the small fishing village.
Dinosaurs existed millions of years ago.
A large vase stands in the corner of our front hallway.
The children seemed happy when they went to the zoo.
After class, one of the students always erases the chalkboard.
The solution to my problem appeared to me in a dream.
Our plan succeeded at last.
Barbara traveled to Uganda last year.
Lightning didn't cause the fire.
A special committee is going to settle the dispute.
Did the army surround the enemy?
What happened in class yesterday?
The Persians invented windmills around 1500 years ago.

EXERCISE 4. Using the passive. (Charts 11-1 and 11-2)

Directions:Discuss why the use of the passive is appropriate in the sentences. For purposes of comparison, form possible active equivalents, and discuss probable reasons why the speakers/writers would choose to use the passive.

My sweater was made in England.
The new highway will be completed sometime next month.
Language skills are taught in every school in the country.
Beethoven's Seventh Symphony was performed at the concert last night.
The World Cup soccer games are being televised all over the world this year.
This composition was written by Ali. That one was written by Yoko.
The Washington Monument is visited by hundreds of people every day.
Bananas originated in Asia but now are grown in the tropics of both hemispheres of the world. They were introduced to the Americas in 1516.
Ink has been used for writing and drawing throughout history. No one knows when the first ink was developed. The ancient Egyptians and Chinese made ink from various natural substances, such as berries, soot, and tree bark. Through the centuries, thousands of different formulas have been developed for ink. Most ink today is made from synthetic chemicals.
The chief writing material of ancient times was papyrus. It was used in Egypt, Greece, and other Mediterranean lands. Parchment, another writing material that was widely used in ancient times, was made from the skins of animals such as sheep and goats. After the hair had been removed, the skins were stretched and rubbed smooth so that they could be written on. Paper, the main writing material today, was invented by the Chinese.

EXERCISE 5. Using the passive. (Charts 11-1 and 11-2)

Directions:Change the active sentences to passive sentences if possible. (Some of the verbs are intransitive and cannot be changed.) Keep the same tense. Include the by-phrase only if necessary.

People grow corn in Iowa. Corn is grown in Iowa.
Peter came here two months ago. (no change)
Someone made this antique table in 1734.
An accident happened at the corner of Fifth and Main.
Someone stole my purse.
Someone was making the coffee when I walked into the kitchen.
Translators have translated that book into many languages.
Jim's daughter drew that picture. My son drew this picture.
The judges will judge the applicants on the basis of their originality.
My sister's plane will arrive at 10:35.
Is Professor Rivers teaching that course this semester?
When did someone invent the radio?
The mail carrier had already delivered the mail by the time I left for school this morning.
When is someone going to announce the results of the contest?
After the concert was over, hundreds of fans mobbed the rock music star outside the theater.
Ever since I arrived here, I have been living in the dormitory because someone told me that it was cheaper to live there than in an apartment.
They' are going to build the new hospital next year. They have already built the new elementary school.
If you' expose a film to light while you are developing it, you will ruin the negative.

*In Item 17) they is an impersonal pronoun; it refers to "some people" but to no people in particular.

In Item 18,you is an impersonal pronoun; it refers to any person or people in general. See Chart 8-5, p. 140.

EXERCISE 6. Indirect objects as passive subjects. (Chart 11-3)

Directions: Find the indirect object in each sentence and make it the focus of attention by using it as the subject of a passive sentence. Use the by-phrase only if necessary.

Someone handed Ann a menu at the restaurant.

(Indirect object = Ann) Ann was handed a menu at the restaurant.

Indiana University has awarded Peggy a scholarship.
Some company paid Fred three hundred dollars in consulting fees for a job he did last week.
Someone has hired Maria as a computer programmer at Microsoft.
They will send you a bill at the end of the month.
Someone will give the starving people a week's supply of rice as soon as the food supplies arrive in the famine-stricken area.

EXERCISE 7. Using the passive. (Charts 11-1  11-3)

Directions: Change active to passive. Work in pairs, in groups, or as a class.

Example:

SPEAKER A (book open): Someone built that house ten years ago.

SPEAKER B (book closed): That house was built ten years ago.

Someone invited you to a party.
People grow rice in many countries.
Someone is televising the game.
Teachers teach reading in the first grade.
Someone told you to be here at ten.
Someone made that hat in Mexico.

Someone is going to serve dinner at six.
Someone will announce the news tomorrow.
Someone has made a mistake.
The teacher is giving a test in the next room right now.

EXERCISE 8. Using the passive.(Charts 11-1  11-3)

Directions: Form groups of three.

Speaker A: Your book is open. Give the first cue to Speaker B.

Speaker B: Your book is closed. Change the cue to a passive sentence.

Speaker A: Give the second cue, a question.

Speaker C: Your book is closed. Answer the question, using the passive if possible.

Examples:

SPEAKER A (book open): Someone stole your watch. SPEAKER B(book closed): My watch was stolen.

SPEAKER A(book open): What happened to (………)’s watch? SPEAKER C(book closed): It was stolen.

SPEAKER A (book open): People speak Arabic in many countries.

SPEAKER B (book closed): Arabic is spoken in many countries.

SPEAKER A (book open): Is Arabic a common language?

SPEAKER C (book closed): Yes. It is spoken in many countries.

1st cue: Someone stole your pen.

2nd cue: What happened to (…….)’s pen?

1st cue: People speak Spanish in many countries. Is

2nd cue:Spanish a common language?

1st cue: People play soccer in many countries.

2nd cue: Is soccer a popular sport?

1st cue: Mark Twain wrote that book.

2nd cue: Who is the author of that book?

1st cue: You went to a movie last night, but it bored you.

2nd cue: Why did (…..) leave the movie before it ended?

1st cue: Someone returned your letter.

2nd cue: (...) sent a letter last week, but he/she put the wrong address on it. What happened to the letter?

1st cue: Someone established this school in 1950.

2nd cue: How long has this school been in existence?

Switch roles.

1st cue: Someone robbed the bank.

2nd cue: What happened to the bank?

1st cue: The police caught the bank robber.

2nd cue:Did the bank robber get away?

1st cue: A judge sent the bank robber to jail.

2nd cue: What happened to the bank robber?

1st cue: The government requires international students to have visas.

2nd cue: Is it necessary for international students to have visas?

1st cue: Someone had already made the coffee by the time you got up this morning.

2nd cue: Did ( ... ) have to make the coffee when he/she got up?

1st cue: Something confused you.

2nd cue: Why did ( ... ) ask you a question?

1st cue: Someone discovered gold in California in 1848.

2nd cue: What happened in California in 1848?

Switch roles.

1st cue: I read about a village in the newspaper. Terrorists attacked the village.

2nd cue: What happened to the village?

1st cue: People used candles for light in the 17th century.

2nd cue: Was electricity used for light in the 17th century?

1st cue: The pilot flew the hijacked plane to another country.

2nd cue: What happened to the hijacked plane?

1 st cue: When you had car trouble, a passing motorist helped you.

2nd cue: Yesterday (…….) was driving down (Highway 40) when suddenly her/his car started to make a terrible noise. So she/he pulled over to the side of the road. Then what happened?

1st cue: There is a party tomorrow night. Someone invited you to go.

2nd cue: Is ( … ) going to the party?

1st cue: You wanted to buy a chair, but you needed time to make up your mind.

Finally you decided to buy it, but someone had already sold the chair by the time you returned to the store.

2nd cue: Did ( ... ) buy the chair?

EXERCISE 9. Using the passive. (Charts 11-1  11-3)

Directions: Use the words in the list to complete these passive sentences. Use any appropriate tense.

Build
Cause
Confuse
divide
expect / frighten
invent
kill
offer
order / Report
spell
surprise
surround
wear

The electric light bulb was inventedby Thomas Edison.
An island by water.
The -ing form of "sit" with a double.
Even though construction costs are high, a new dormitory next year.
The class was too large, so it into two sections.
A bracelet around the wrist.
The johnsons' house burned down. According to the inspector, the fire by lightning.
Al got a ticket for reckless driving. When he went to traffic court, he to pay a large fine.
I read about a hunter who accidently by another hunter.
The hunter's fatal accident in the newspaper yesterday.
I didn't expect Lisa to come to the meeting last night, but she was there. I to see her.
Last week I a job at a local bank, but I didn't accept it.
The children in the middle of the night when they heard strange noises in the house.
Could you explain this math problem to me? Yesterday in class I by the teacher's explanation.
A: Is the plane going to be late?

B: No. It to be on time.

EXERCISE 10. Using the passive. (Charts 11-1  11-3)

Directions: Use either active or passive, in any appropriate tense, for the verbs in parentheses.

The Amazon valley is extremely important to the ecology of the earth. Forty percent of the world's oxygen (produce) there.
Right now Roberto is in the hospital.* He (treat) for a bad burn on his hand and arm.
The game (win, probably) by the other team tomorrow. They're a lot better than we are.
There was a terrible accident on a busy downtown street yesterday. Dozens of people

(see) it, including my friend, who (interview) by the police.

In my country, certain prices, such as the price of medical supplies, (control) by the government. Other prices (determine) by how much consumers are willing to pay for a product.
Yesterday a purse-snatcher (catch) by a dog. While the thief (chase) by the police, he (jump) over a fence into someone's yard, where he encountered a ferocious dog. The dog (keep) the thief from escaping.
The first fish (appear) ______on the earth about 500 million years ago. Up to now, more than 20,000 kinds of fish (name) and (describe) by scientists. New species (discover) every year, so the total increases continually.
Richard Anderson is a former astronaut. Several years ago, when he was 52, Anderson (inform) by his superior at an aircraft corporation that he could no longer be a test pilot. He (tell) that he was being relieved of his duties because of his age. Anderson took the corporation to court for age discrimination.
Frostbite may occur when the skin (expose) cold. It most frequently (affect)** the skin of the cheeks, chin, ears, fingers, nose, and toes.
In 1877, a network oflines (discover) ______on the surface of Mars by an Italian astronomer, Giovanni Schiaparelli. The astronomer (call) these lines "channels," but when the Italian word (translate) into English, it became "canals." As a result, some people thought the lines were waterways that

(build) by some unknown creatures. We now know that the lines are not really canals. Canals (exist, not) on Mars.

Carl Gauss (recognize) as a mathematical genius whenhe was ten. One day a professor gave him an arithmetic problem. Carl (ask) to add up all the numbers from I to 100 (1 + 2 + 3+ 4 + 5, etc.). It (take) him only eight seconds to solve theproblem. How could he do it so quickly? Can you do it quickly?

Carl could do it quickly because he (know) ______that each pair ofnumbers 1 plus 100, 2 plus 99, 3 plus 98, and so on to 50 plus 51 - equaled 101.

So he (multiply) 50 times 101 and (come) up with the answer; 5,050.

*in the hospital ::;; American English; in hospital > British English

**NOTE:affect = a verb (e.g., the weather affects my moods.)

effect = a noun (e.g., The weather has an effect on my moods.)

Captain Cook, a British navigator, was the first European to reach Australia's east coast. While his ship was lying off Australia, his sailors (bring) a strange animal on board. Cook wanted to know the name of this unusual creature, so he (send) his men ashore to ask the native inhabitants. When the natives (ask) in impromptu sign language to name the animal, they said, "Kangaroo." The sailors, of course, believed "kangaroo" was theanimal's name. Years later, the truth (discover) "Kangaroo" means "What did you say?" But today the animal (call, still) a kangaroo in English.

EXERCISE 11. Passive modo Is. (Chart 11-4)

Directions: Complete the sentences with the given words, active or passive.

James (should + tell) the news as soon as possible.
Someone (should + tell) James the news immediately.
James (should + tell) the news a long time ago.
Meat (must + keep) in a refrigerator or it will spoil.
You (must + keep) meat in a refrigerator or it will spoil.
We tried, but the window (couldn't + open) . It was painted shut.
I tried, but I (couldn't + open) the window.
Good news! I (may + offer) a job soon. I had an interview at an engineering firm yesterday.
Chris has good news. The engineering firm where she had an interview yesterday(may + offer) her a job soon.
I hope Chris accepts our job offer, but I know she's been having interviews with several companies. She (may + already + offer*) a job by a competing firm before we made our offer.
A competing firm (may + already + offer*) Chris a job before we made our offer.
The class for next semester is too large. It (ought to + divide) in half, but there's not enough money in the budget to hire another teacher.
Last semester's class was too large. It (ought to + divide) in half.
These books (have to + return) to the library by tomorrow.
Polly (have to + return) these books by next Friday. If she doesn't return them, she (will + have to + pay) a fine to the library.
A: Andy, your chores (had better + finish) by the time I get home, including taking out the garbage.

B: Don't worry, Mom. I'll do everything you told me to do.

A: Andy, you (had better + finish) your chores beforeMom gets home.

B: I know. I'll do them in a minute. I'm busy right now.

This application (be supposed to + send) to the personnel department soon.
Ann's birthday was on the 5th, and today is the 8th. Her birthday card (should + send) a week ago. Maybe we'd better give her a call to wish her a belated happy birthday.
A: Ann didn't expect to see her boss at the labor union meeting.

B: She (must + surprise) when she saw him.