6 Week DCA – STUDY GUIDE 2012

1)Name the two remaining types of evidence you might see happen during a chemical change?

  1. _production and release of a gasc. may produce heat
  2. _production of a precipitationd. may produce light

2)Experimental Design

  1. In an investigation, it is important to change only ONE variable at a time. Otherwise, you will not have a fair test.
  2. The one factor that you change on purpose is called the INDEPENDENT VARIABLE or is called the manipulated variable.
  3. The factor that is the measured response is called the DEPENDENT VARIABLE or is called the responding variable.
  4. The CONSTANTS (controls)are the factors that you prevent from changing, or keep the same, so you will have a fair test.
  5. You should be able to TESTa hypothesis.
  6. On a graph which axis would be labeled with the independent variable?X - AXIS
  7. On a graph which axis would be labeled with the dependent variable?Y - AXIS

3)List three physical changes involving water.

  1. FREEZING
  2. EVAPORATION (boiling)
  3. MELTING, CONDENSATION

4.An object must move when a force is applied for WORK to have been done.

5.The work done on an object is the AMOUNT of the force applied and the distance moved.

6.Regardless of whether you use a ramp or lift from the ground to move a box into a moving van, the amount of WORK required is the same.

7.The goal of a simple machine is to reduce the amount of _FORCE needed to move an object

9.A student pushes against a tree with a force of 10 newtons (N). The tree does not move. What is the amount of force exerted by the tree on the student? 10 NEWTONS

10.Describe 3 examples of homeostasis.

Maintaining body temperature – sweat when hot, shiver when cold

Maintaining blood sugar level – when high release insulin to remove from blood and store

Vomiting to remove a toxin, Maintaining water balance – thirsty when need water, decrease

Urine output when dehydrated, increase urine output when to much water

11.Complete the Chart below:

BODY SYSTEM / BASIC FUNCTION / MAJOR ORGANS / PARTS
Skeletal / Provide shape, structure, support, produce red blood cells, store minerals, protect organs / Bones, bone marrow, ligaments, joints
Digestive / Breakdown of food into nutrients the body can use / Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, pancreas, gall bladder, liver
Muscular / Provide strength, movement, support / Muscles, tendons

12.List the levels of organization in the human body from largest to smallest.

Organism, organ systems, organs, tissues, cells

13.How do our cells obtain energy to carry out life processes?Digestive system breaks food into particles small

Enough to enter cells whish use them for energy

Place a check mark in each box that applies to the substances listed.

Substance / Element / Molecule / Compound / Organic
FeO4 / X / X
CO2 / X / X
C2H4O / X / X / X
C10H13N5O4 / X / X / X
NaCl / X / X
MgSO4 / X / X
O2 / X / X
C6H12O6 / X / X / X
C4H5N3O / X / X / X

14.How do organic and inorganic compounds differ?Organic compounds contain carbon and hydrogen

Inorganic do not.

Complete the Organic Compound Chart Below

Name of Compound / Elements / Used By Body For / Source(s)
Carbohydrates / C H O / ENERGY / SUGARS, STARCHES, FIBER
PASTA, BREAD, GRAINS
Lipids / C H O / ENERGY STORAGE, INSULATION, CELL MEMBRANES / OILS, MEATS, MILK, CHEESE
Proteins / C H O N / ENZYMES, CELL STRUCTURES, HAIR/NAILS / MEAT, MILK, EGGS, BEANS, NUTS
Nucleic Acid / C H O P / GENES, DNA / VEGGIES AND MEATS

Indicate if mechanical or chemical digestion (or both) is taking place by placing a check mark in the appropriate column and explain.

Location / Mechanical Digestion / Chemical Digestion / Explanation
Mouth / X / X / TEETH – MECHANICAL CUT INTO SMALL PIECES
SALIVA – CHEMICAL CHANGE STARCH TO SUGAR
Stomach / X / X / PERISTALSIS – MECHANICLA CHURNS AND MIXES
PEPSIN / ACIDS – BREAKDOWN PROTEINS
Small Intestine / X / X / PERISTALSIS – MECHANICLA CHURNS AND MIXES
BILE – MECHANICAL CUTS LIPIDS INTO SMALL PIECES
PANCREATIC JUICES – CHEMICAL BREAKSDOWN, CARBS, LIPIDS AND PROTEINS
Large Intestine / NO DIGESTION – ONLY OBSORBTION OF WATER AND DISSSOLVED NUTRIENTS AND COMPACTION OF FECES

Complete the following chart

Organ / Function
Salivary Glands / PRODUCES SALIVA THAT IS RELEASED INTO THE MOUTH
Liver / PRODUCES BILE TO CUT UP LARGE LIPID MOLECULES
Gall Bladder / STORES BILE THEN RELEASES IT INTO THE SMALL INTESTINE
Pancreas / PRODUCES PANCREATIC JUICES TO BREAKDOWN PROTEINS, CARBS, AND LIPIDS

15.Explain how the skeletal and muscular systems work together to allow you to move.MUSCLES ARE

ATTACHED TO BONES BY TENDONS. MUSCLES PULL ON BONES TO MOVE THE BODY.

16.Explain how your digestive system and muscular systems work together to breakdown large molecules into

small compounds your body can use.INVOLUNTARY MUSCULAR CONTRACTIONS CALLED

PERISTALSIS MOVE FOOD THROUGH THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM AND HELP WITH MECHANICAL

DIGESTION

17.What is the function of tendons?ATTACH MUSCLES TO BONES

18.What is the function of ligaments?ATTACH BONES TO BONES AT JOINTS

19.Explain the difference between voluntary and in voluntary muscle action.VOLUNTARY MUSCLES

SUCH AS SKELETAL MUSCLES ARE CONSCIOUSLY CONTROLED BY YOU. INVOLUNTARY

MUSCLES SUCH AS CARDIAC AND SMOOTH WORK AUTOMATICALLY WITHOUT YOU HAVING

TO THINK ABOUT IT.

20.Describe 2 examples where involuntary muscle action takes place in your body.YOUR HEART AND

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

21.Describe 2 examples of voluntary muscle actions.WRITING IN YOUR ANSWERS, WALKING, RUNNING

LIFTING SOMETHING ETC.

22.What is are skeletal jointsand why do we need them in our bodies?JOINTS ARE WHERE TWO OR MORE

BONES MEET AND ARE HELD TOGETHER BY LIGAMENTS. THEY MAKE MOVEMENT EASIER AND

GIVEN US FLEXIBILITY

Complete the diagram below.