Table S2.Summary of S. pneumoniae capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis (cps) operon genes imported from other bacterial species and their respective donors. Due to their widespread occurrence and conservation, the regulatory genes wzg, wzh, wzd and wze and the four rhamnose pathway genes (rmlA-D) are not included. The figures represent the sequence identity of the gene to that of the donor relative to the sequence identity of the core genomes of the recipient and S. pneumoniae TIGR4.

Serotype / Donor 1: gene / Donor 2: gene / Donor 3: gene / Donor 4: gene / Donor 5: gene
1 / Strep. anginosus F0211: ugd84/79
2 / "Strep. mitisbv. 2" SK95: wchF 96/89, wchG 96/89, wchH 99/89, wchl 96/89, ugd 96/89, glf 97/89
31 / Strep. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis: pgm 95/83
4 / Strep. mitis SK575: fnlA/94, fnlB98/94, fnlC98/94
5 / "Strep. mitisbv. 2" F0392: wzy94/89, wzx 92/89, whaC 95/89, fnlA 95/89, ugd94/89, / Strep. mitis SK616: fnlB 97/94 ,fnlC98/94
6A / "Strep. mitis bv. 2" SK95:wchA97/89 / Strep. mitis SK637:wciN96/94
6B / "Strep. mitis bv. 2" SK95:wchA97/89 / Strep. mitis SK637:wciN 96/94 / Strep. mitis SK629: glf2 97/94
7F / Strep. oralis J22: wchF98/90 / Strep. oralis ATCC 35037: wcwA91/90 / Strep. vestibularisF0396: wcwC 96/74 / Strep. anginosus SK1138: HG1402: 85/76 / Strep. mitis SK629: glf2 97/94
7A / Strep. oralis J22: wchF 98/90 / Strep. oralis ATCC 35037: wcwA91/90 / Strep. vestibularisF0396: wcwC96/74 / Strep. anginosus SK1138: HG1402: 85/76 / Strep. mitis SK629: glf2 97/94
7B / Strep. mitis SK629: glf2 97/94
7C / Strep. mitis SK667: rmlA,rmlC 97/94
8 / "Strep. mitis bv. 2" SK95:wchA97/89 / "Strep. mitis bv. 2" F407:ugd97/94
9A / "Strep. mitis bv. 2" SK95:wchA96/89 / Strep. infantis SK970: mnaA 91/85
9L / Strep. mitis SK564: wchA 95/94 / Strep. infantis SK970: mnaA 91/85
9N / Strep. mitis SK564: wchA 95/94 / Strep. infantis SK970: mnaA 91/85
9V / "Strep. mitis bv. 2" SK95:wchA97/89 / Strep. infantis SK970: mnaA 91/85
10F / Strep. sanguinis ATCC 49296: wciG90/82 / Strep. gordonii: glf96/79
10A / Strep. mitis SK608: glf 96/94
10B / Strep. mitis SK608: glf 96/94
10C / Strep. sanguinis ATCC 49296: wciG90/82 / Strep. gordonii: glf96/79
11F / ”Strep. mitis bv. 2" SK95:wchA96/89 / Strep. infantis SK1302: wchJ 93/85
11A / ”Strep. mitis bv. 2" SK95:wchA91/89 / Strep. sp. F0441:gct 95/85
11B / Strep. sp. F0441: gct2 96/85
11C / Strep. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus ATCC 43143:wchJ 87/74 / Strep. sp. F0441: gct 96/85
11D / "Strep. mitis bv. 2" SK95:wchJ 91/89 / Strep. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus ATCC 43143:wchJ 86/74 / Strep. sp. F0441: gct 95/85
12F / "Strep. mitis bv. 2" F392:wciJ96/89, / Strep. mitis SK616: fnlA95/94, fnlB98/94, fnlC98/94
12A / "Strep. mitis bv. 2" F392:wciI97/89, wciJ95/89 / Strep. mitis SK616: fnlA95/94, fnlB98/94, fnlC98/94
12B / "Strep. mitis bv. 2" F392:wciI 98/89, wciJ 96/89 / Strep. mitis SK616: fnlA95/94, fnlB98/94, fnlC98/94
13 / Strep. infantis SK1302: wchJ 85/85, wchK 89/85 / Strep. mitis SK667:glf 98/94
14 / Strep. sp. taxon 07173H25AP: wchJ 89/85, wchL91/85,wchM92/85, wchN 88/85
15F / "Strep. mitis bv. 2" SK95:wchA97/89 / Strep. infantis SK1302: wchJ 93/85, wchL 88/85, wchM88/85, wzx89/85 / Strep. mitis M3: glf 96/93
15A / "Strep. mitis bv. 2" SK95:wchA97/89 / Strep. infantis SK1302: wchJ93/85, wchL 88/85, wchM88/85, wzx89/85
15B / Strep.sp. taxon 071:wchJ92/89 / Strep. infantis SK1302: wchK 87/85, wchL 88/85, wchM 88/85, wchN 86/85, wzx 89/85
15C / Strep. infantis SK1302: wchJ 93/85, wchK87/85, wchL 91/85, wchM 88/85, wchN 85/85 / Strep.sp. taxon 071:wzx89/85
16F / Strep. sp. F0441:wcxQ 91/85
16A / Strep. oralis SK304: wchK 100/90, wcyK99/90, wcxS 99/90, wcxT 98/90, wciB 98/90 / Strep. gallolyticus TX20005: gct 89/74 / Strep. perorisATCC 700780: glf 96/85
17F / "Strep. mitis bv. 2" SK95:wchA97/89 / Strep. mitis SK667: wchF 97/94
17A / "Strep. mitis bv. 2" SK95:wchA95/89 / Strep. oralis SK304: glf 98/90
18F / Strep. mitis SK667: wcxM 96/94
18A / Strep. mitis SK667: wchF 95/94
18B / Strep. mitis SK667: wchF 96/94
18C / Strep. mitis SK667: wchF96/94
19F / Strep. mitis SK569: wchQ97/94, mnaA 96/94 / Unidentified donor: allelic replacement of wzyand wzx
19A / Strep. mitis SK569: wchQ 96/94, mnaA 95/94 / Unidentified donor: allelic replacement of wzyand wzx
19B / Strep. mitis SK564: wchA 94/94, wchO 94/94, wchQ 96/94, wchR 97/94, wzy 94/94, mnaA 97/94
19C / Strep. mitis SK564: wchA94/94, wchO 94/94, wchQ 96/94, wchR 97/94, wchU96/94, HG2642 98/94
20 / Strep. infantis X: wciL 95/90, wcwK 96/94 / Strep. oralis SK143:wzx96/90 / Strep. sanguinisATCC 49296: wciG81/77 / Strep. vestibularis F0396: glf 96/78
21 / "Strep. mitisbv. 2" SK95: wchA 97/89, wchF 94/89 / Strep. oralis ATCC 35037:wcwA 94/90 / Strep. sanguinis SK1056: wcwK 96/77 / Strep. australisATCC 700641: wcyT82/80, wzx84/80 / Strep. infantis ATCC 700779: glf97/85
22F / "Strep. mitisbv. 2" SK95: wchA97/89, wchF94/89 / Strep. anginosus: wcwC 90/79 / Strep. perorisATCC 700780:glf 97/85
22A / "Strep. mitisbv. 2" SK95: wchA 97/89, wchF 93/89 / Strep. anginosus: wcwC 90/79 / Strep. perorisATCC 700780:glf97/85
23F / "Strep. mitisbv. 2" SK95: wchA95/89 / Strep. mitis SK579: wchV96/94
23A / Strep. mitis SK564: wchA 94/94
23B / "Strep. mitisbv. 2" SK95: wchA92/89
24F / Strep. mitis SK564: wchF 95/94 / Strep. mitis SK629: glf297/94
24A / Strep. mitis SK564: wchF 95/94 / Strep. mitis SK629: glf297/94
24B / Strep. mitis SK667: wchF 95/94
25F / Strep. mitis SK578: glf 98/94
25A / Strep. mitis SK578: glf 98/94
27 / Strep. constellatussubsp. constellatusSK53: whaK 92/85, wzy92/85, whaL 93/85, wcrN 96/85, HG2702 89/85 / "Strep. mitisbv. 2" SK95: wchA96/89, wchF 94/89
28F / "Strep. mitisbv. 2" SK95: wchA 95/89, / Strep. mitis SK667: wchF 96/94
28A / "Strep. mitisbv. 2" SK95: wchA 96/89, / Strep. mitis SK667: wchF 96/94
29 / Strep. mitis SK575: glf 97/94
31 / Strep. perorisATCC 700780:glf96/85 / Strep. vestibularis F0396: glf 96/78
32F / "Strep. mitisbv. 2" SK95: wchA 96/89 / Strep. constellatussubsp. constellatusSK53: wcyS 81/79, wcrN95/79, HG2722 91/79
32A / "Strep. mitisbv. 2" SK95: wchA96/89 / Strep. constellatussubsp. constellatusSK53: wcyS 81/79, wcrN95/79, HG2712 91/79
33F / "Strep. mitisbv. 2" SK95: wchA 96/89 / Strep. vestibularis F0396: glf 96/79
33A / "Strep. mitisbv. 2" SK95: wchA 96/89 / Strep. mitisSK578: glf 95/94
33B / Strep. mitis SK629: glf 97/94
33C / Strep. mitis SK637: wcrD 95/94 / Strep. oralis Uo5: glf 98/90
33D / "Strep. mitisbv. 2" SK95: wchA 96/89 / Strep. mitis SK575: glf 98/94
34 / "Strep. mitisbv. 2" SK95: wchA 97/89 / Strep. mitis SK643: glf 96/94
35F / Strep. mitis SK629: glf 98/94
35A / "Strep. mitisbv. 2" SK95: wchA 95/89 / Strep. vestibularis F0396: glf 96/79
35B / "Strep. mitisbv. 2" SK95: wchA 95/89
35C / "Strep. mitisbv. 2" SK95: wchA 95/89 / Strep. sanguinisATCC 49296:wciG81/77 / Strep. vestibularisF0396:glf96/79
36 / Strep. mitis SK1126: wcrO 98/94, glf 99/94
373 / "Strep. mitisbv. 2" SK95: wchA 96/89 / Strep. oralis SK143: wzx 96/90 / Strep. salivarius: glf2 97/78
38 / Strep. mitis SK578: glf 98/94
39 / Strep. mitis SK637: wcrD95/94 / Strep. mitis SK608: glf 96/94
40 / None identified
41F / "Strep. mitisbv. 2" SK95: wchA 95/89 / Strep. peroris ATCC 700780: glf 97/85
41A / "Strep. mitisbv. 2" SK95: wchA 95/89 / Strep. thermophilus: glf 96/74
42 / "Strep. mitis bv. 2" SK95: wchA 95/89 / Strep. vestibularis: glf 96/78
43 / Strep. mitis SK608: glf 95/94
44 / "Strep. mitisbv. 2" F0392: wciJ 96/89 / Strep. mitis SK616: fnlA2 94/93, fnlB 98/93, fnlC 98/93
45 / Strep. mitis SK579: wcxB 96/94, wciL 98/94, wcyQ 97/94, wcxS 94/94, gct 99/94, fnlA 94/94, fnlB 98/94, fnlC98/94
46 / "Strep. mitisbv. 2" F0392: wciI 97/89, wciJ 95/89 / Strep. mitis SK616:fnlA 94/94, fnlB 97/94, fnlC 98/94
47F / Strep. vestibularis: glf 96/78
47A / Strep. vestibularis: glf 96/78
48 / Strep. mitis SK667: wchF 96/94 / Strep. parasanguinis F405:glf 96/79 / Strep. mitis SK667: glf294/94

1 Serotype 3 capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis depends on wchE, ugd, and galU within the cps locus, and genes elsewhere in the genome to which no close homologues were identified.

2 Denotes that the gene has become a pseudogene in S. pneumoniae while being intact in the donor.

3 Serotype 37 capsular biosynthesis depends on the tts gene elsewhere in the genome to which no close homologs were identified.