Annex 1 Carbon sequestration rate (t CO2-eq. ha–1 year–1) (upper Table) and number of trees in maximum stand density (lower Table) of the four main tree species in the study sites per age and yield class. Values in italics are estimated (A. Sudnik, pers. comm.). 90 year old Betula trees were treated as Betula in age class 61–80
Pinus sylvestris
Yield class / I / II / III / IV / VAge (years)
0–20 / 7.59 / 6.51 / 3.96 / 2.81 / 2.04
21–40 / 6.88 / 5.35 / 4.79 / 3.47 / 2.40
41–60 / 6.82 / 5.62 / 4.63 / 3.70 / 2.71
61–80 / 6.62 / 5.16 / 4.32 / 3.48 / 2.86
81–120 / 4.86 / 4.06 / 3.22 / 2.79 / 2.20
Yield class / I / II / III / IV / V
Age (years)
0–20 / 3330 / 3701 / 5906 / 8364 / 17118
21–40 / 1685 / 1910 / 2626 / 3696 / 5709
41–60 / 959 / 1097 / 1335 / 1859 / 2390
61–80 / 669 / 853 / 925 / 1187 / 1394
81–120 / 458 / 547 / 671 / 773 / 885
Betula pendula
Age (years)
0–20 / 14.5 / 12.1 / 9.8 / 7.1 / 7.1
21–40 / 16.2 / 14.2 / 11.4 / 8.4 / 8.4
41–60 / 14.5 / 12.7 / 10.1 / 7.8 / 7.8
61–80 / 10.1 / 9.1 / 7.3 / 6.0 / 6.0
Yield class / I / II / III / IV / V
Age (years)
0–20 / 6507 / 8725 / 10692 / 11640 / -
21–40 / 1343 / 1828 / 2305 / 3363 / -
41–60 / 656 / 890 / 1238 / 1723 / -
61–80 / 449 / 600 / 838 / 1129 / -
Populus tremula
Yield class / I / II / III / IV / VAge (years)
0–20 / 11.9 / 7.9 / 4.0 / 4.0 / 4.0
21–40 / 8.8 / 7.2 / 5.6 / 5.6 / 5.6
41–60 / 6.2 / 5.2 / 4.2 / 4.2 / 4.2
61–80 / 3.9 / 3.1 / 2.4 / 2.4 / 2.4
Yield class / I / II / III / IV / V
Age (years)
0–20 / 3513 / 5468 / - / - / -
21–40 / 1742 / 2463 / - / - / -
41–60 / 964 / 1247 / - / - / -
61–80 / 658 / 781 / - / - / -
Picea abies
Yield class / I / II / III / IVAge (years)
0–20 / 7.3 / 5.4 / 4.0 / 2.9
21–40 / 15.1 / 11.2 / 8.0 / 7.5
41–60 / 19.1 / 14.7 / 10.8 / 8.1
61–80 / 14.8 / 11.7 / 8.8 / 6.7
Yield class / I / II / III / IV
Age (years)
0–20 / 8319 / 8686 / 9100 / 9534
21–40 / 2866 / 3218 / 3592 / 3994
41–60 / 1239 / 1459 / 1694 / 1950
61–80 / 748 / 917 / 1120 / 1338
Annex 2 Tree carbon sequestration (t CO2-eq. yr–1) in Ostrovskoe in 2009 and in the baseline and project scenario. In order to perform calculations the area was stratified into 43 subareas. The sequestration rate is calculated using the proportion of tree species according to the State Forest Inventory (2008) and the respective sequestration rate (Annex 1). For the recently burnt subareas 20 and 30 an increase in stand density is assumed for 2039. For subareas 34–39 and 41, in 2039 a yield class of V and a proportion of Betula of 100% is assumed (for the not extracted subarea 39: 60% Betula, 40% Pinus). For the project scenario, it is assumed that each subarea will have yield class conditions one class higher (i.e. lower quality) than in 2009
Current / Baseline scenario / Project scenario
Subarea / Area / Seques-tration rate / Relative stand density / Seques-tration / Seques-tration rate / Relative stand density / Seques-tration / Seques-tration rate / Relative stand density / Seques-tration
(ha) / (t CO2-eq. ha–1 yr–1) / (t CO2-eq. yr–1) / (t CO2-eq. ha–1 yr—1) / (t CO2-eq. yr–1) / (t CO2-eq. ha–1 yr–1) / (t CO2-eq. yr–1)
1 / 1.2 / 8.1 / 0.5 / 4.8 / 8.3 / 0.5 / 4.9 / 6.3 / 0.5 / 3.7
2 / 22.8 / 9.7 / 0.8 / 176 / 8.3 / 0.8 / 152 / 6.7 / 0.8 / 122
3 / 12.6 / 4.0 / 0.7 / 35 / 10 / 0.7 / 90 / 7.7 / 0.7 / 68
4 / 29.7 / 10 / 0.5 / 151 / 9 / 0.5 / 133 / 7.0 / 0.5 / 104
5 / 4.3 / 13 / 0.8 / 43 / 14 / 0.8 / 48 / 11 / 0.8 / 37
6 / 19.7 / 9.3 / 0.7 / 128 / 7.0 / 0.7 / 96 / 5.6 / 0.7 / 77
7 / 16.1 / 10 / 0.5 / 82 / 9.0 / 0.5 / 72 / 7.0 / 0.5 / 57
8 / 79.4 / 4.6 / 0.3 / 111 / 3.8 / 0.3 / 90 / 3.3 / 0.3 / 79
9 / 2.8 / 8.9 / 0.9 / 23 / 8.4 / 0.9 / 21 / 6.8 / 0.9 / 17
10 / 1.4 / 5.7 / 0.7 / 5.5 / 6.0 / 0.7 / 5.8 / 5.3 / 0.7 / 5.1
11 / 1.8 / 11 / 0.5 / 9.6 / 8.8 / 0.5 / 8.0 / 7.5 / 0.5 / 6.8
12 / 3.2 / 12 / 0.7 / 26 / 12 / 0.7 / 27 / 9.5 / 0.7 / 21
13 / 3.5 / 12 / 0.6 / 25 / 12 / 0.6 / 25 / 9.5 / 0.6 / 20
14 / 2.3 / 12 / 0.6 / 16 / 12 / 0.6 / 17 / 9.5 / 0.6 / 13
15 / 1.6 / 12 / 0.7 / 13 / 12 / 0.7 / 13 / 9.5 / 0.7 / 11
16 / 4.1 / 12 / 0.7 / 34 / 12 / 0.7 / 34 / 9.5 / 0.7 / 27
17 / 3.8 / 12 / 0.7 / 32 / 13 / 0.7 / 34 / 10 / 0.7 / 27
18 / 7.2 / 7.1 / 0.3 / 15 / 8.4 / 0.8 / 49 / 8.4 / 0.2 / 9.1
19 / 5.0 / 2.7 / 0.3 / 4.0 / 2.9 / 0.3 / 4.3 / 2.9 / 0.3 / 4.3
20 / 3.9 / 7.1 / 0.3 / 8.2 / 8.4 / 0.8 / 26 / 8.4 / 0.3 / 9.7
21 / 2.5 / 9.0 / 0.5 / 11 / 7.8 / 0.5 / 9.7 / 6.3 / 0.5 / 7.9
22 / 37.0 / 8.9 / 0.5 / 165 / 7.8 / 0.5 / 145 / 6.3 / 0.5 / 116
23 / 5.7 / 11.0 / 0.5 / 32 / 8.7 / 0.5 / 25 / 7.5 / 0.5 / 21
24 / 8.3 / 7.5 / 0.7 / 43 / 7.8 / 0.7 / 45 / 6.3 / 0.7 / 34
25 / 16.5 / 2.8 / 0.6 / 28 / 3.7 / 0.6 / 37 / 2.7 / 0.6 / 27
26 / 31.7 / 13 / 0.6 / 246 / 7.8 / 0.6 / 148 / 6.3 / 0.6 / 120
27 / 1.6 / 12 / 0.6 / 12 / 13 / 0.6 / 12 / 10 / 0.6 / 9.9
28 / 57.8 / 4.6 / 0.2 / 54 / 4.3 / 0.2 / 50 / 3.8 / 0.2 / 33
29 / 11.7 / 6.6 / 0.6 / 47 / 6.1 / 0.6 / 43 / 6.1 / 0.6 / 43
30 / 10.0 / 5.6 / 0.4 / 22 / 6.3 / 0.8 / 50 / 6.3 / 0.4 / 25
31 / 30.1 / 3.7 / 0.6 / 67 / 3.0 / 0.6 / 54 / 3.0 / 0.6 / 54
32 / 7.5 / 3.2 / 0.5 / 12 / 2.6 / 0.6 / 12 / 3.2 / 0.5 / 12
33 / 7.6 / 10 / 0.7 / 55 / 7.9 / 0.7 / 42 / 6.7 / 0.7 / 36
34 / 15.6 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 8.4 / 0.8 / 105 / 0 / 0 / 0
35 / 21.9 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 8.4 / 0.8 / 147 / 0 / 0 / 0
36 / 23.0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 8.4 / 0.8 / 155 / 0 / 0 / 0
37 / 18.8 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 8.4 / 0.8 / 126 / 0 / 0 / 0
38 / 18.2 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 8.4 / 0.8 / 123 / 0 / 0 / 0
39 / 1.2 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 6.0 / 0.3 / 2.1 / 0 / 0 / 0
40 / 2.4 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0.0 / 0 / 0.0 / 0 / 0 / 0
41 / 1.2 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 8.4 / 0.3 / 3.0 / 0 / 0 / 0
42 / 35.7 / 3.7 / 0.6 / 80 / 3.0 / 0.6 / 63 / 3.0 / 0.6 / 63
43 / 36.2 / 4.9 / 0.4 / 72 / 4.2 / 0.4 / 61 / 3.8 / 0.4 / 55
Total / 628.6 / 1886 / 2406 / 1376
Annex 3 Carbon sequestration by trees in Vygonoshanskoe in 2009 and in two baseline scenarios. See Annex 1 for sequestration rates (2009: Betula pendula 0–20 years, yield class IV; 2039: Betula pendula 21–40 years, yield class IV)
Current / Baseline scenario 1 (abandonment) / Baseline scenario 2
(ongoing agriculture)
Vegetation type / Subarea with relative stand density 0.4 / Subarea with relative stand density 0.6 / Seques-tration rate / Seques-tration / Subarea with relative stand density 0.8 / Seques-tration rate / Seques-tration / Subarea with relative stand density 0.8 / Seques-tration rate / Seques-tration
(ha) / (t CO2-eq. ha–1 yr–1) / (t CO2-eq. yr–1) / (ha) / (t CO2-eq. ha–1 yr–1) / (t CO2-eq. yr–1) / (ha) / (t CO2-eq. ha–1 yr–1) / (t CO2-eq. yr–1)
Moderately moist forb meadows / - / - / - / - / 421 / 8.4 / 2831 / 73 / 8.4 / 487
Moist forb meadows / 158 / 173 / 7.1 / 1187 / 550 / 8.4 / 3693 / 331 / 8.4 / 2226
Very moist reeds / 0.0 / 68 / 7.1 / 289 / 68 / 8.4 / 456 / 68 / 8.4 / 456
Total / 1476 / 6980 / 3169
Annex 4 Characteristics of vegetation types in Ostrovskoe in 2009 (excluding ‘bare peat’ and the mixed type ‘bare peat with Calluna and Eriophorum’; selected species only). Ellenberg et al. (1992) moisture indicator values (for 25 vascular plant species and 11 moss species separately) and cover percentages are presented as mean values ±SD of presences. Species are presented with their constancy (I=species present in 1–20%, II=21–40%, III=41–60%, IV=61–80%, V=81–100% of all relevés, modified after Dierschke, 1994) and mean percentage cover. Tree species were not used for classification
Number of relevés / 3 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 12 / 12 / 3
GWP of part without trees (CO2 -eq. ha–1a–1) / 7.5/12.5 / 7.5/3.5 / 7.5 / 20 / 12.5 / 10 / 5
Ellenberg et al. (1992) moisture indicator value (vascular plants) / 9.0 ±0 / 9.0 ±0.2 / 8.8 ±0.2 / 5.6 ±1 / 8.4 ±1 / 8.0 ±1 / 8.8 ±0.02
Ellenberg et al. (1992) moisture indicator value (mosses) / 2.0 ±3 / 6.0 ±0 / 6.0 ±0 / 2.8 ±2 / 4.0 ±1 / 5.5 ±1 / 7.2 ±0.3
Cover of shunt species (%) / 2 ±1 / 46 ±12 / 4 ±4 / 0.5 ±0 / 14 ±21 / 5 ±6 / 8 ±0
Cover of bare peat (%) / 28 ±14 / 46 ±12 / 13 ±7 / - / 0.1 ±0.2 / - / -
Cover of open water (%) / - / - / - / - / - / 0.5 ±0 / 13 ±17
Calluna vulgaris / V/62 / V/0.4 / V/20 / II/4 / IV/22 / V/30 / -
Eriophorum vaginatum / V/2 / V/46 / IV/4 / II/0.5 / IV/18 / IV/4 / V/6
Polytrichum strictum / II/0.5 / V/3 / V/38 / II/0.5 / III/0.6 / V/5 / V/2
Funaria hygrometrica / - / V/0.4 / V/19 / - / - / - / -
Drosera rotundifolia / - / II/0.5 / - / - / II/0.5 / - / -
Calamagrostis epigejos / - / - / - / V/10 / - / - / -
Dryopteris filix-mas / - / - / - / III/5 / - / - / -
Dicranum scoparium / - / - / - / IV/0.5 / III/3 / - / IV/1
Pleurozium schreberi / - / - / - / II/0.5 / III/4 / IV/22 / -
Vaccinium vitis-idae / - / - / - / II/0.5 / II/4 / II/17 / -
Ledum palustre / - / - / V/0.5 / - / II/3 / IV/4 / -
Chamaedaphne calyculata / - / - / - / - / I/0.1 / IV/6 / -
Dicranum polysetum / - / - / - / - / II/0.5 / V/1 / -
Cladonia sp. / - / - / - / - / III/0.5 / IV/5 / -
Vaccinium uliginosum / - / - / - / - / II/0.4 / II/7 / -
Sphagnum magellanicum / - / - / - / - / - / IV/0.5 / -
Aulacomnium palustre / - / - / - / - / - / V/2 / -
Sphagnum angustifolium / - / - / - / - / - / V/4 / V/69
Sphagnum cuspidatum / - / - / - / - / - / - / V/22
Juncus filiformis / - / - / - / - / - / - / III/1
Carex canescens / - / - / - / - / - / - / V/0.8
Carex nigra / - / - / - / - / - / - / IV/2
Carex vesicaria / - / - / - / - / - / - / V/2
Cover of trees (%) / 2 ±2 / 1 ±1 / 73 ±10 / 64 ±2 / 47 ±22 / 23 ±16 / -
Pinus sylvestris / - / - / V/8 / - / I/0.5 / IV/24 / -
Betula pendula / IV/2 / V/1 / V/66 / IV/64 / IV/52 / II/13 / -
Betula pubescens / - / - / - / - / III/20 / II/4 / -
Annex 5 Characteristics of vegetation types in Vygonoshanskoe in 2009 (selected species only). Ellenberg et al. (1992) moisture indicator values (for 87 vascular plant species and 7 moss species separately) and cover values are presented as mean percentage cover ±SD of presences. Species are presented with their constancy (I=species present in 1–20%, II=21–40%, III=41–60%, IV=61–80%, V=81–100% of all relevés, modified after Dierschke, 1994) and mean percentage cover in the vegetation types. Tree species were not used for classification.
Number of relevés / 17 / 13 / 6
GWP of part without trees (CO2-eq. ha–1yr–1) / 20 / 12.5 / 3.5
Ellenberg et al. (1992) moisture indicator value (vascular plants) / 6.7 ±1 / 7.3 ±1 / 7.3 ±1
Ellenberg et al. (1992) moisture indicator value (mosses) / - / 1.5 ±2.8 / 4.8 ±3.3
Cover of shunt species (%) / 4 ±2 / 62 ±34 / 91 ±6
Cover of bare peat (%) / 30 ±27 / 2 ±1 / 12 ±8
Cover of open water (%) / 4 ±1 / - / 46 ±32
Urtica dioica / III/45 / - / -
Polygonum lapathifolium ssp. pallida / I/22 / - / -
Elytrigia repens / IV/68 / II/40 / -
Poa palustris / II/33 / II/39 / -
Agrostis gigantea / I/14 / III/27 / -
Phleum pratense / I/85 / II/7 / -
Bidens frondosa / III/49 / III/11 / I/8
Phalaris arundinacea / I/5 / IV/61 / I/8
Festuca rubra / - / II/78 / -
Carex lasiocarpa / - / I/21 / II/89
Juncus articulatus / - / II/9 / II/6
Agrostis stolonifera / - / III/23 / V/11
Lysimachia vulgaris / - / II/8 / IV/8
Ranunculus repens / - / V/19 / III/4
Juncus effuses / - / III/36 / II/8
Calamagrostis canescens / I/4 / - / IV/17
Phragmites australis / I/4 / - / IV/51
Carex elata ssp. omskiana / - / - / I/11
Equisetum fluviatile / - / - / I/3
Carex serotina / - / - / II/63
Molinia caerulea / - / - / II/40
Cover of trees (%) / - / 44 ±27 / 54 ±24
Betula pendula / - / II/31 / V/43
Betula pubescens / - / III/13 / I/4
Pinus sylvestris / - / - / II/28