Microorganisms Notes – Part IV
Kingdom Protista
Protists
- eukaryotic – so that have ______and ______bound organelles
- are not______
- most are unicellular, but some are multicellular
Evolution
- Lynn Margulis believes in ______theory
- led to “more highly” evolved eukaryotes, like plants and animals
Animallike Protists
“Protozoans” – “______”
- all ______
- phyla are distinguished by their means of ______
- most reproduce asexually by mitosis
- organelles include vacuoles, food vacuoles, and ______
Zooflagellates
- use ______to move
- absorb food through their ______
- may be free-living, parasites, or symbionts
Sarcodines – ex:______
- use pseudopods (“______”) to move
- temporary ______projections
- ______
- capture and digest particles of food and other cells using a food vacuole
- phagocytosis – “______cell”
- pinocytosis – “______cell”
- may be free-living, parasitic, or symbiotic
Ciliates – ex: ______
- use ______to move
- short hair-like projections, similar to ______
- contain two types of nuclei
-______– keeps many copies of DNA
-______– contains a “reverse copy” of all the cell’s genes
- obtain food by using cilia to sweep food particles into the ______
- most are free-living, few are parasites or symbionts
- maintain ______through contractile vacuoles
- expel excess water
-______– exchange micronuclei
- not for reproduction, but for ______biodiversity
Sporozoans
- do not move on their own, are all ______
Animallike Protists and Disease
Malaria – caused by a______, called ______
Giardia – caused by a ______, ______
Image shows the giardia attached to the surface of the ______
Plantlike Protists: Unicellular Algae
Chlorophyll and accessory pigments allow algae to harvest and use energy from ______
- absorb light at many different wavelengths
- makes ______more efficient
- explain why algae come in many ______
- plants are green because they ______green in light, and ______other colors
Euglenophytes
- closely related to Animallike flagellates
- plantlike protists that have ______flagella but no ______
- eyespot helps Euglena find ______
Chrysophytes
- diverse group of plantlike protists that have gold-colored ______
- reproduce both asexually and sexually
- most are solitary, but some form threadlike ______
Diatoms
- produce thin, delicate cell walls rich in silicon – the main component of ______
Dinoflagellates
- about half of the dinoflagellates are photosynthetic
- the other half are ______
- generally have two ______
- help protect the cell
- reproduce asexually through ______
- some are luminescent
- give off ______when agitated
- “______”
Ecology of Unicellular Algae
Phytoplankton – small, photosynthetic organisms near the ______of the ocean
- about half of photosynthesis that occurs on Earth, is carried out by ______in the ocean
Algal Blooms
- protists play a vital role in recycling ______and other waste materials
- if the amount of waste is great, the protist population, feeding on waste, may grow too large
- this will deplete the water of nutrients, and the cells will ______
- when the cells die, they ______, robbing the water of oxygen
- without oxygen, ______die
- ex: “______” – algal bloom of dinoflagellates that produce a toxin
- toxins consumed by shellfish, which humans consume
- can lead to serious ______