Essential Biology 7.3 & 7.4 Transcription & Translation (AHL) / Due Date: /
Student Name: / Candidate Number: 002171-

Blog resource: Click4Biology:

Cite all sources using the CSE method (or ISO 690 Numerical in Word). Highlight all objective 1 command terms in yellow and complete these before class. Highlight all objective 2 and 3 command terms in green – these will be part of the discussions in class. After class, go back and review them.

Complete the self-assessment rubric before submitting to Moodle. Avoid printing this if possible.

You must also complete the Core (3.5) Essential Biology for this topic.

  1. Distinguish between sense and antisense strands in DNA.

The ______strand is complementary to the ______strand. The antisense strand is also known as the ______strand, as it is used for ______, to make mRNA.

mRNAcorresponds with the ______strand, with the exception of the base ___, which is replaced with ____. mRNAis complementary to the ______strand.

  1. Describe the role of the antisense strand in transcription.
  • The antisense strand is transcribed. By complementary base pairing, the mRNA therefore is the same as the DNA on the sense strand – although T has been replaced by U.
  1. State the direction of transcription and draw a simple diagram to show the addition of an RNA molecule to a growing mRNA strand.
  • 5’ to 3’
  • Diagram:
  1. Outline the roles of the following regions of DNA in translation:
Promoter region
Coding region
Terminator
  1. Explain the process of translation in prokaryotes, including the following: promoter region, RNA polymerase, 5’-3’ direction, free nucleoside triphosphates, complementary base pairing, terminator region.
  1. Distinguish between introns and exons in eukaryotic DNA (DNA structure revision).
  • Introns are non-coding sections of the gene
  • Exons are coding sections of the gene
  1. State one method of post-transcription modification of mRNA in eukaryotes.
  • Introns are removed to leave mature mRNA
  1. Label the following regions on this tRNA molecule, stating the function of each:

/ a.
b. / hydrogen bonds
c.
  1. tRNA needs to be activated in order to pick up the corresponding amino acid.

Explain how tRNA is activated, including the role of a specifictRNA activating enzyme, ATP and amino acids.

  1. Using a diagram, outline the structure of a ribosome, including protein and RNA composition, large and small subunits, three tRNA binding sites and mRNA binding sites.
  1. Describe polysomes and state their function.
  1. State the direction of movement of the ribosome along the mRNA strand (the direction of translation).
  • 5’ to 3’
  1. Explain the process of translation in four stages:

  1. Initiation
/ Keywords: mRNA, ribosome, small subunit, large subunit, start codon, AUG, tRNA
Explanation:
  1. Elongation
/ Keywords: amino acids, peptide bond, transfer, anticodon, tRNA
Explanation:
  1. Translocation
/ Keywords:tRNA, mRNA, codon, release
Explanation:
  1. Termination
/ Keywords: stop codon, release/ detachment
Explanation:
  1. Show how a dipeptide is formed through condensation, labeling the peptide bond.
  1. Distinguish between polypeptides produced by free ribsomes and those produced by bound ribosomes, such as in the RER. (Revision: exocytosis)
  • Free ribosomes:
  • RER-bound ribosomes:

Works Cited

1. Allott, Andrew.IB Study Guide: Biology for the IB Diploma. s.l.: Oxford University Press, 2007. 978-0-19-915143-1.

2. Mindorff, D and Allott, A.Biology Course Companion. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007. 978-099151240.

3. Clegg, CJ.Biology for the IB Diploma. London: Hodder Murray, 2007. 978-0340926529.

4. Campbell N., Reece J., Taylor M., Simon. E.Biology Concepts and Connections. San Fransisco: Pearson Benjamin Cummings, 2006. 0-8053-7160-5.

5. Taylor, Stephen.Science Video Resources. [Online] Wordpress, 2010.

6. Burrell, John.Click4Biology. [Online] 2010.

7. IBO.Biology Subject Guide. [Online] 2007.

Self Assessment:

Essential Biology / Assessment
Criterion / Complete (2) / Partially complete (1) / Self / MrT
Presentation & Organisation / NA / Complete and neat. All command terms highlighted, tables and diagrams well presented.
Academic Honesty / NA / Sources cited using the CSE (ISO 690 numerical) method, with Works Cited section complete and correct.
Objective 1 understanding / All answers for the following command terms correct: / Most answers for the following command terms correct:
Define Draw Label List Measure State
Objective 2 understanding / All answers for the following command terms correct: / Most answers for the following command terms correct:
Annotate Apply Calculate Describe Distinguish Estimate Identify Outline
Objective3
understanding / All answers for the following command terms correct: / Most answers for the following command terms correct:
Analyse Comment Compare Construct Deduce Derive Design Determine Discuss
Evaluate Explain Predict Show Solve Sketch Suggest
Logic, notation, mathematical working / NA / Answers are presented in a logical and concise manner. SI units used most times, with correct unit symbols and definitions of terms. All mathematical working shown.
Further research / NA / Evidence is apparent of research and reading beyond the textbook and presentations to find correct answers to challenging questions. If any questions are unanswered, this criterion scores zero.
Total (max 10):

Stephen Taylor Bandung International School