Chemistry

CH 10 Reading Assignment:

Liquids Pg 333-336

  1. How does the particle spacing in liquids compare to gases and solids?
  2. How does the intermolecular forces of liquids compare to gases and solids?
  3. How does the density of liquids compare to both gases and solids?
  4. How does the temperature of a substance change its density?
  5. Why are liquids considered relatively incompressible?
  6. How is diffusion of liquids different from that of gases?
  7. What is surface tension?
  8. What are the forces that are on the surface molecules of liquids that account for surface tension?
  9. Describe capillary action:
  10. Define vaporization:
  11. What is evaporation?
  12. What must the surface molecules do in order for them to evaporate?
  13. How does a liquid become a solid and what is that process called?

Solids Pg 337-341

  1. How do solid particles move?
  2. How do their intermolecular forces compare to other states of matter?
  3. Name the two types of solids and describe their particles ordered arrangement.
  4. What is the difference between a crystal shattering and an amorphous solid shattering?
  5. Can most crystals be molded into any shape?
  6. Why can’t solids be compressed? Give an example of a solid that can be compressed.
  7. Define melting and melting point:
  8. How do crystals and amorphous solids compare in melting points?
  9. Can so solids diffuse?
  10. What is a crystal lattice, what is the smallest repeating structure of a lattice called?
  11. Name the four types of crystals and briefly describe each:

Changes of State Pg 342-348

  1. Define the following:
  1. Melting
  2. Sublimation
  3. Freezing
  4. Vaporization
  5. Condensation
  6. Deposition
  1. If a substance like gasoline evaporates easily, what does that tell us about the intermolecular forces that make it up?
  2. What is equilibrium and what kind of system must be present for it to occur and give an example?
  3. What is vapor pressure and how is it created?
  4. What would increasing the temperature of a system in equilibrium most likely do?
  5. If a substance has a low vapor pressure what does that tell us about its intermolecular forces that make it up?
  6. What is a volatile liquid and what kind of intermolecular forces are found within it?
  7. Define boiling and how does this differ from evaporation?
  8. Define boiling point and how can the boiling point change for a given substance?
  9. Keeping pressure constant during the boiling process, what does not change during the boiling of a liquid?
  10. How does a pressure cooker function and what does it allow us to do and why would it be useful in cooking?
  11. What are the conditions for water to boil at 100C and what is meant by something’s normal boiling point?
  12. Even though energy is added to a liquid during the boiling process and the temperature will not change, what is the continued energy doing?
  13. Define molar enthalpy of vaporization and why do some substances have a high enthalpy than others?
  14. Why does water have a high E of V than other liquids?
  15. What must happen for a liquid to freeze and how is that usually accomplished?
  16. What is meant by a substances normal freezing point?
  17. Are the freezing point and the melting point the same for a pure substance?
  18. Even though heat is added to a system that is melting, what does not change and what is that added energy doing?
  19. Define molar enthalpy of fusion:
  20. What is freezer burn and what process occurs for this to happen?
  21. Define the following of a phase diagram and know where it occurs on a diagram:
  1. Normal melting point
  2. Normal boiling point
  3. Triple point
  4. Critical point
  5. Critical temperature
  6. Critical pressure

Identify where the following on the phase diagram above by marking on the diagram

  1. Triple point
  2. Normal boiling point
  3. Normal melting point
  4. Critical point
  5. Critical pressure
  6. Critical temperature
  7. Where would sublimation and deposition occur
  8. Where would melting and freezing occur
  9. Where would boiling and condensation occur
  10. Where would equilibrium between the solid and liquid states occur
  11. Where would equilibrium between the liquid and gas states occur
  12. Where would equilibrium between the solid and gas states occur