HMK: study 8 parts of speech with examples
Sentence and fragment definitions
Do page 100 in the WORKBOOK - How to fix fragments
Label NS & V
Notes 1: Identify Sentences Notes 1: Identify Sentences
I. Ways to identify a sentence.
1. Begins with a capital letter and ends with a period.
2. A group of words with a subject and a verb that makes a complete thought.
(You) Open the door for me.
There are 8 parts of speech
1. nouns – WHO & WHAT
2. pronouns – PRO=replace so pronoun takes the place of a noun
3. verbs – ACTION & LINKING
4. adverbs – WHEN, WHERE, WHY, HOW
5. adjectives – describes a noun or a pronoun – WHICH KIND, WHOSE, HOW MANY
6. conjunctions – join sentences or phases or words: FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)
7. prepositions – in, at, on, to, with, over, under, around… begin ADVERB/ADJECTIVE phrase
8. interjections – express emotion: yes, no, please, ouch, yikes …
II.Verbs
1. Action Linking Verbs
a. Eat, play, jump a. am/is/are/was/were/have been/will be
b. (senses) feel/smell/taste/seem // become
2. Mental
a. Believe, dream, think, feel
3. Miscellaneous – auxiliary (helping verb)
a. Have / Will / could / should
The Verb Test
1. Ifthe word does not end in “s” put I or THEY in front of the word to check if the combination makes sense.
a. I / They __(word not ending with “s”)__
EX: I eat. (eat IS a verb) // They sleep. (sleep IS a verb)
They quickly. (quickly IS NOT a verb)
2. If the word ends in “s” put SHE or HE in front of the word.
a. She / He __ (word ending in “s”)__
EX: She plays. (plays IS a verb) // He desks. (desks IS NOT a verb)
III. Nouns: a word that names
1. Proper nouns
a. Are always capitalized
b. Names of places or people.
2. Common nouns
a. Not capitalized.
b. Noun test: place “the” in front of the noun. The __(common noun)__
EX: the car (car IS a noun) // the frequently (frequently IS NOT a noun)
IV. Adverbs – modify/describe
Verbs: He ran swiftly.
Adverbs: He ran very swiftly.
Adjectives: She is very beautiful.
Answers
1. When – at midnight/in two weeks
2. Where – to the park/for a walk/in the second drawer
3. Why – for a relaxing day
4. How – swifly/beautifully/gracefully/quietly
Notes 2: Parts of Speech: Verbs and Adverbs
Quiz 1: Unit 1 Identifying Sentence Patterns
· NS VI -- NS VT NDO -- NS LV NSC
Lesson 6: Parts of Speech continued
· Noun
· Pronoun – I/he/she/it/we/they/you -- me/him/her/us/them
· Verb
· Adverb
· Adjective
· Conjunction – FANBOYS – for/and/nor/but/or/yet/so
· Interjection – ouch! Wow! Damn! Yes! No!
· Preposition – ADV=at/in/over/under/up/down/around/through/between/beside/on OF=ADJ
Modifiers: Elements that give extra information (adverbs and adjectives)
Adj NS Vt NDO
The tall man plays basketball
Tall is describing man, so it is an adjective.
Adjective: describes a noun
Adverbs:
· Describe verbs, adverbs, and adjectives
· Can be a single word or phrase.
· Adverb Test
o 1. Find the pattern.
o 2. Ask the following questions:
§ When?
§ Where?
§ How?
§ Why?
Examples:
ADV NS VI ADV
· Yesterday I drove home.
____ADV____ NS VI _____ADV_____
· After the movie I drove to the restaurant.
Phrase: a group of words that has to be read together.
_____ADV___ NS VI ADV
· After the movie the audience clapped enthusiastically.
ADV NS VT NDO CON VI ADV
· Suddenly the woman grabbed her purse and ran out.
NS VT NDO ADV CON ADV ____ADV____
· Ted washes his hands often and thoroughly to avoid the flu.
Principle Parts of a Verb
Simple Present Tense
1. A fact
a. I live in Sylmar.
b. I have a car.
c. The earth spins on its axes.
2. A repeated action. Habitual
a. Every Sunday I visit my sister.
b. Once a year I go to Florida.
3. A command.
a. Sit down.
b. Eat your food.
c. Answer the phone.
Verb + S
Used for singular noun subject
Base form of a verb = Plural. Except when using I and You
Notes 3: Tense and Consonants
Present Tense used for
1. Facts (Kobe Bryant plays for the Lakers. The Earth revolves around the Sun.)
2. Repetitive / Habitual (Lee goes to Mission College. My brother annoys me every day.)
3. Command (Open the door. Fill out this form.)
Past Tense
1. Used for an action that is over. It occurred in the past. (Kareem Abdul-Jabbar played basketball and won six NBA championships.)
2. Most regular verbs are formed by adding “ED”
Fundamental writing
I. Vowels
Short vowels Long Vowels
ă at ā ate
ĕ bet ē beat
ĭ kit ī kite
ŏ cot ō coat
ŭ cut ū cute
A Vowel becomes long when there is the presence of another vowel.
When two vowels go walking, the first one does the talking: mēat
II. Affixes
Root word : ACT
Reacting
Action
Deactivate
Prefix reacting suffix
Prefix: Comes at the beginning of the word, and changes the meaning of the word
e.g. legal illegal
Suffix: Comes at the end of the word, and changes the form of the word, not its meaning.
1. Changes the part of speech
a. beauty n.
b. beautiful adj.
c. beautifully adv
d. beautify v
2. Changes the a noun’s number from singular to plural
a. word + s = words
3. Changes the tense
a. “ed” makes a regular verb past tense
III. Syllables: a group of letters within a word that are pronounced together.
1 syllable: Cat
2 syllables: Com- pare
3 syllables: Se-lec-ting
When to double the final consonant: If all four questions are answered with a “yes”
1. Does the word end in a single consonant?
2. Does the base word have a single preceding vowel?
3. Does the suffix begin with a vowel?
4. Is the last syllable of the base accented?
Irregular verbs: you have to practice and learn.
Lesson 9 The future
The future tense is formed with will or shall + base
Homework Read and Complete Lesson 6, 7, 8, and 9
Notes 3: Tense and Consonants
Present Tense used for
4. Facts (Kobe Bryant plays for the Lakers. The Earth revolves around the Sun.)
5. Repetitive / Habitual (Lee goes to Mission College. My brother annoys me every day.)
6. Command (Open the door. Fill out this form.)
Past Tense
3. Used for an action that is over. It occurred in the past. (Kareem Abdul-Jabbar played basketball and won six NBA championships.)
4. Most regular verbs are formed by adding “ED”
Fundamental writing
I. Vowels
Short vowels Long Vowels
ă at ā ate
ĕ bet ē beat
ĭ kit ī kite
ŏ cot ō coat
ŭ cut ū cute
A Vowel becomes long when there is the presence of another vowel.
When two vowels go walking, the first one does the talking: mēat
II. Affixes
Root word : ACT
Reacting
Action
Deactivate
Prefix reacting suffix
Prefix: Comes at the beginning of the word, and changes the meaning of the word
e.g. legal illegal
Suffix: Comes at the end of the word, and changes the form of the word, not its meaning.
3. Changes the part of speech
a. beauty n.
b. beautiful adj.
c. beautifully adv
d. beautify v
4. Changes the a noun’s number from singular to plural
a. word + s = words
3. Changes the tense
a. “ed” makes a regular verb past tense
III. Syllables: a group of letters within a word that are pronounced together.
1 syllable: Cat
2 syllables: Com- pare
3 syllables: Se-lec-ting
When to double the final consonant: If all four questions are answered with a “yes”
5. Does the word end in a single consonant?
6. Does the base word have a single preceding vowel?
7. Does the suffix begin with a vowel?
8. Is the last syllable of the base accented?
Irregular verbs: you have to practice and learn.
Lesson 9 The future
The future tense is formed with will or shall + base
Homework Read and Complete Lesson 6, 7, 8, and 9
Notes 4: Perfect Tense
I. Unit 2 Quiz: Attachment 1
II. Unit 3: Lesson 10
A. Present Perfect
B. Past Perfect
C. Future Perfect
Review the tenses
Simple Present Past Past Perfect
Base / Base + s / Past / Has/Have + Past participlewave / waves / waved / has waved / have waved
think / thinks / thought / has thought / have thought
A. Present Perfect Tense: includes
A. Helping verb “has”
B. Main verb
Have / has + past participle = Present perfect tense
“Have” has two functions
1. By itself it expresses possession
a. I have a car.
2. “Have” as a helping verb does not express possession. Instead, it functions to help express the time period of the action
a. I have worked.
I / You / Plural NS + have + past participle: I have gone / You have gone / They have gone
Singular NS + has + past participle: He has gone / She has gone / It has gone
Example:
Simple Present Past Perfect
Base / Base +s / Past / Past participleWork / Works / Worked / Worked
I ______(work) here since 1989.
a. Helping verb “have”
b. Main verb “worked”
I have worked here since 1990.
THE VERB “Be”
“Be” has two functions
1. “Be” can be used as a main verb.
a. Susan is a teacher.
2. “Be” can function as a helping verb.
a. Susan is washing the car.
When did this action happen?
1. It began a long time ago and still continues in the present.
Susan has worked here since 1989
2. An action completed in the recent past.
I have already eaten.
Workbook: Complete pages 67-68
Examples:
a. The manager has written the report.
b. Sara has reviewed the report
c. John has studied.
Contractions: shortening
You combine two words.
1. Omit letters.
2. Place an apostrophe where the letters were.
I + have = I’ve
You + have = you’ve
Do + not = don’t
Practice OH Attachment 2
B. The Past Perfect
1. Had + Past Participle
2. You cannot use past participle by itself. An action that happened in the past, but occurred before another action.
Examples:
The plane landed when I arrived at the airport.
§ At the same time.
The plane had landed when I arrived.
§ I arrived late.
I finished my degree two years before I started teaching
§ People speak this way, but grammatically it is incorrect.
I had finished my degree two years before I started teaching.
§ This is the correct way.
Past Participle Overhead: Attachment 3
C. Future Perfect Tense
Will + have + past participle
Used when completing an action by a specific time. Think of it as a deadline.
Examples:
By 4 P.M. I will have graded your quizzes.
Sarah will have written the paper by next week.
Practice Overhead: Attachment 4
Homework
Complete Lesson 10
Notes
§ Cross out V-ed and write Past Participle
§ Auxiliary verb is the helping verb.
§ P.54 add this: An action that will be completed in the future by a specific time.
Notes 5: Progressive Tenses
Lesson 11 Progressive Tenses
1. Some actions begin and end quickly.
a. Opened the door
b. Broke the window.
c. Dropped the pen
2. Other actions take much longer.
a. I talked for two hours.
b. I’ve been reading this book.
3. When do you use the Progressive Tense?
For the Progressive tense the actions goes on for a long period of time.
It is formed by combining BE = V=ing
4. Present Progressive is used when the action is happening in the immediate present i.e. NOW!
Am
Is + V- ing.
Are
a. I am teaching a class.
Helping Verb Main Verb
(Auxiliary verb)
5. When “to be” is by itself, is not progressive.
a. I am a teacher.
Main verb.
Present progressive practice Attachment 1
6. Spelling
Base / Base +s / Past / Present participle / v-ingWave / Waves / Waved / Waved / waving
Drop the silent e whenever you add a suffix that ends with a vowel.
Base / Base +s / Past / Present participle / v-ingStudy / Studies / Studied / Studied / studying
When the consonant proceeds a y drop the y and an i
Be +V-ing practice Attachment 2
The artist is drawing.
6. Past Progressive: an action that was over in the past, but it continued for a while.
was
were + V-ing
I was talking when he interrupted.
I was reading a book.
They were studying all night.
He was playing yesterday.
7. Future Progressive: an action in the future that will continue for a longer period.
Will + be + V-ing
I will be going to the park next week.
Future Progressive Exercise: Attachment 3
Homework Lesson 10 and 11
Workbook page 29