Appendix 2. Basic statistics describing environmental data used in the study. Spring – data from spring territories, winter – data from winter sites. Significant differences (Mann-Whitney test) between seasons were given in bold.

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Spring sites Winter sites

variable mean min max SD mean min max SD

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Habitat

Hollows 0.6 0 1 0.50 0.6 0 1 0.50

Deadwood 0.7 0 1 0.48 0.8 0 1 0.40

Raviness 0.4 0 1 0.50 0.4 0 1 0.50

Streams 0.4 0 1 0.50 0.6 0 1 0.51

Overgrown clearing 0.6 0 1 0.50 0.6 0 1 0.51

Clearfelling 0.4 0 1 0.50 0.4 0 1 0.51

Unpaved roads 0.8 0 1 0.37 1.0 1 1 0.00

Slope rating 1.8 1 3 0.79 1.6 1 3 0.63

Distance to forest edge 4.1 1 8 1.98 4.1 1 10 2.80

Property 1.3 1 2 0.45 1.3 1 2 0.48

Canopy layer

Deciduous tree proportion 61.5 0 100 30.67 34.8 0 95 24.29

Coniferous tree proportion 38.5 0 100 30.67 65.2 0 100 24.29

Species richness of canopy 5.6 1 10 2.99 6.3 2 10 3.44

Canopy cover (%) 41.3 5 80 23.14 45.0 10 80 22.66

Spruce Picea albies 22.4 0 100 25.64 38.9 0 86 25.63

Pine Pinus sylvestris. 4.0 0 23 7.53 5.1 0 18 6.28

Fir Abies alba 11.8 0 39 11.81 19.3 5 40 10.90

Larch Larix deciduas 0.4 0 5 1.21 1.4 0 5 2.09

Beech Fagus sylvaticus 20.3 0 90 30.29 18.1 0 95 26.44

Birch Betula sp. 34.5 0 100 37.58 12.6 0 45 12.81

Hornbeam Carpinus betulus 0 0.1 0 1 0.25

Ash Fraxinus excelsior 0.1 0 1 0.23 0

Sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus 2.9 0 8 2.83 1.9 0 5 2.00

Alder Alnus sp. 0.7 0 6 1.77 0.6 0 5 1.31

Poplar Populus sp. 1.3 0 6 1.69 0.3 0 1 0.48

Willow Salix sp. 1.3 0 7 2.08 0.8 0 6 1.53

Wild Cherry Prunus avium 0.5 0 5 1.22 0

Understory layer

Deciduous tree proportion 55.0 15 91 24.43 33.0 7 71 16.40

Coniferous tree proportion 45.0 9 85 24.43 67.0 29 93 16.40

Species richness of understory 12.4 3 22 5.05 8.8 4 14 3.23

Understory cover (%) 52.6 25 80 19.82 40.3 20 70 15.54

Spruce Picea albies 23.6 5 70 5.88 35.3 3 79 17.48

Pine Pinus sylvetris 1.7 0 8 2.31 1.3 0 6 2.36

Fir Abies alba 13.4 5 40 9.74 30.1 8 78 19.09

Larch Larix deciduas 0.8 0 8 1.84 0.2 0 1 0.40

Oak Querqus sp. 0.3 0 2 0.65 0

Beech Fagus sylvaticus 7.4 0 23 6.25 9.1 1 30 7.13

Birch Betula sp. 25.8 0 67 19.62 13.0 0 37 9.62

Hornbeam Carpinus belulus 0.3 0 2 0.65 0

Ash Fraxinus excelsior 0.5 0 3 0.84 0

Sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus 3.6 0 12 3.58 1.4 0 4 1.41

Linden Tilia sp. 0.2 0 1 0.37 0

Alder Alnus sp. 2.0 0 12 3.00 1.1 0 10 2.72

Poplar Populus sp. 3.7 0 10 2.71 1.6 0 5 1.89

Hazel Corylus avellana 1.7 0 5 1.56 1.4 0 5 1.41

Willow Salix sp. 4.7 0 10 2.73 2.9 0 7 2.41

Elm Ulmus sp. 0.1 0 1 0.23 0

Rowan Sorbus aucuparia 1.9 0 5 1.24 1.6 1 4 1.09

Viburnum Viburnum sp. 0.2 0 1 0.43 0

Hawthorn Crataegus sp. 0.4 0 2 0.76 0

Wild Cherry Prunus avium 1.7 0 5 0.75 0.4 0 2 0.63

Bird Cherry Prunus padus 1.3 0 4 1.42 0.4 0 5 1.26

Beige Sambucus sp. 0.4 0 2 0.68 0

Juniper Juniperus sp. 0 0.1 0 1 0.25

Undergrowth layer

Deciduous tree proportion 67.3 44 86 2.10 43.2 14 77 15.03

Coniferous tree proportion 32.7 14 56 12.10 56.8 23 86 15.03

Species richness of undergrowth 13.4 5 22 4.89 10.4 5 15 3.44

Undergrowth cover (%) 40.8 15 80 16.10 40.0 20 70 16.83

Spruce Picea albies 15.7 8 38 6.55 28.4 0 60 16.65

Pine Pinus sylvestris 2.8 0 12 4.50 4.5 0 36 9.02

Fir Abies alba 13.4 5 40 9.74 22.2 0 72 16.90

Larch Larix deciduas 0.5 0 4 1.02 1.4 0 5 2.09

Oak Querqus sp. 0.2 0 1 0.43 0.06 0 1 0.25

Beech Fagus sylvaticus 13.9 2 39 10.39 12.9 2 50 12

Birch Betula sp. 23.9 4 58 13.63 15.0 5 27 6.69

Hornbeam Carpinus betulus 0.1 0 1 0.32 0

Ash Fraxinus excelsior 0.3 0 2 0.67 0

Sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus 4.6 0 10 3.02 3.7 0 8 2.63

Linden Tilia sp. 0.1 0 1 0.32 0.3 0 5 1.25

Alder Alnus sp. 2.1 0 6 2.08 1.1 0 7 2.09

Poplar Populus sp. 4.5 0 12 3.45 1.1 0 6 1.53

Hazel Corylus avellana 2.6 0 7 2.27 2.5 0 6 2.39

Willow Salix sp. 6.6 0 25 5.08 2.2 0 8 2.48

Rowan Sorbus aucuparia 3.0 0 6 1.76 2.2 0 9 2.26

Viburnum Viburnum sp. 0.5 0 2 0.77 0.1 0 1 0.25

Hawthorn Crataegus sp. 0.8 0 5 1.27 0.2 0 1 0.40

Wild Cherry Prunus avium 1.2 0 5 1.27 0.4 0 1 0.50

Bird Cherry Prunus padus 2.1 0 5 1.96 1.1 0 5 1.73

Beige Sambucus sp. 0.9 0 3 0.86 0.5 0 2 0.63

Juniper Juniperus sp. 0.3 0 2 0.58 0.3 0 5 1.25

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