AP Psychology Chapters 1-13 Test Review Sheet
MULTIPLE CHOICE. This test contains 130 Multiple Choice Questions. 10 questions from each of the first 13 chapters exactly. Each Question is worth 0.769 points each. You have about 35 seconds to answer each question (76 minutes total, so bring your pencil already sharpened!). Good Luck!
Chapter 01
1. What separates pop psych from real psychology?
2.Which of the following is NOT one of the critical-thinking guidelines listed in the text? (you will be given 3 actual one and one that is not)
3.What are the biggest differences between the great thinkers of history and today's psychologists?
4.Who are each of the following people and why are they primarily important in the field of psychology? Which was the first person to announce that he intended to make psychology a science?
Joseph Gall. E. B. Titchener. Sigmund Freud.
Wilhelm Wundt. William James.
5. Be able to define each of these schools of thought. What are the basic components of each?
A)Humanism B) Structuralism
C)Functionalism D) Behaviorism
6.Who was the founder of functionalism?
7.Know the important modern perspective in psychology. (be able to list them)
8.An important movement in psychology that emerged in the early 1970s was? (hint it was also a social movement in history, Think Hillary)
9.What are the major professional activities of psychologists?
10.Be able to identify which practitioners typically have a Ph.D. or other doctoral degree in psychology? Which have M.D? Which may not have any D at all?
Chapter 02
11. Define the following terms
A)experiment B) operational definition
C)theory D) hypothesis
12.An ideal scientist should (list all that would apply)
13.An advantage of case studies is ?
14.What method would be most appropriate to study maternal behavior in chimpanzees?
15.An advantage of an experiment is?
16.An advantage of a survey is?
17 What is a single blind study? Why do it? What is a double blind study? What is the main purpose?
18.Statistical significance means what?
19.Why are cross-sectional studies important? What do they allow researchers to determine?
20.Why do psychologists study animals?
Chapter 03
21.What does nativism emphasize?
22.______emphasizes the evolutionary mechanisms that might help explain similarities in behavior.
23.What are genes? What are chromosomes? What are genetic markers? What is a genome? Which one of the above are the functional units of heredity that code for the structure of proteins?
24.How do evolutionary psychologists view the mind?
25.Know the support for the existence of an innate language acquisition device?
26.______is the founder of the field of sociobiology.
27.Sociobiologists predict that, compared to females, males are….. (think sexual behavior patterns)
28.What can heritability explain for us?
29.Do estimates of the heritability of intelligence increase or decrease with age or stay the same?:
30.What do each of the following have in common as it related to mental ability?
Stressful family circumstances
Poor prenatal care
Malnutrition
Chapter 04
31.What are the two parts of the central nervous system?
32.What are the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system?
33.What is the part of a neuron that sends information to other cells?
34.What happens when an action potential reaches the axon terminal?
35.What substances play a role in suppressing pain and promoting pleasure?
36.What structure in the brain plays a role in drives associated with survival of the individual and the species?
37.What structure is referred to as the body's "master gland" because it controls many other endocrine glands?
38.What brain structure evaluates incoming sensory information and determines its emotional importance?
39.What structure was surgically removed from H.M.'s brain causing him to have severe memory problems?
40.Which lobe of cortex processes auditory information? Visual information? Somatosensory information?
Chapter 05
41. What is a circadian rhythm?
42.The pineal gland secretes ______, a hormone that helps to keep the biological clock in phase with the light-dark cycle.
43.Know the research about PMS ?
44.There are ______stages of NREM sleep.
45.In ______, a person experiences sudden unpredictable and irresistible attacks of sleepiness during the day.
46.The ______theory of dreaming suggests that dreaming is simply a continuation of our daytime thinking.
47.A ______drug causes disruption of normal thought processes such as the perception of time and space.
48.______is an example of a depressant drug.
49.______refers to a person's expectations about the effects of a drug.
50.The dissociation theory of hypnosis was proposed by whom?
Chapter 06
51. How many senses do experts agree humans have (not a common sense question)
52.Johannes Muller's doctrine of specific nerve energies describes what form of coding?
53. What allows a researcher to distinguish between a person's response bias and his or her actual sensory capacity.
54. The color or hue that we perceive is related to the ______of light.
55. What are the differences between rods and cones?
56.Hubel and Wiesel discovered feature detector cells that respond selectively to what?
57.The Gestalt psychologists were especially interested in research about what kind of perception?
58.The auditory receptors are located in the what specific part?
59.The gate-control theory helps to explain the perception of which human experience?
60.What are critical periods? How can they effect development? What research about kittens helped to discover this?
Chapter 07
61.In Pavlov's studies of classical conditioning in dogs, know what each of the following was in the experiment?
A)conditioned response B) unconditioned stimulus
C)conditioned stimulus D) unconditioned response
62.______occurs when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented with the unconditioned stimulus.
A)Stimulus generalization B) Spontaneous recovery
C)Learning D) Extinction
63. you will be provided with examples and will have to know which of the following applies to the situation .
A)spontaneous recovery B) stimulus generalization C)extinction
64.In the "Little Albert" study, what was the unconditioned stimulus?
65.Be able to identify a difference between classical and operant conditioning? (not just by definition either)
66.be able to identify a secondary reinforcer among choices. Be able to identify primary reinforcers among choices.
67.What procedure would be used to teach pigeons to play ping pong?
68.Which of the following would be most effective in eliminating a phobia in an adult?
69.Edward Tolman demonstrated ______in his study of rats who initially received no reinforcement in a maze.
70.Social-learning theory, developed initially by Dollard and Miller, proposes that most human learning is a result of what type of learning?
Chapter 08
71.In the Stanford prison study, what was it that caused the guards to treat the prisoners harshly?
72.Explain how each of the following types of errors can be used to explain either error in our own behavior or in others.
73. how might familiarity and validity be used as common reasons for a change of attitude?
74. What is one of the most common but least effective techniques for trying to change someone's attitude?
75.List the signs of groupthink?
76.What is the most common explanation of bystander apathy?
77.list some ways that stereotypes distort reality?
78.Who conducted an experiment on conformity in which people were asked to judge the length of lines?
79. List some reasons that people conform to social pressure?
80. List the types of functions served by prejudice?
Chapter 09
81. know what each of the following are by definition A)proposition B) cognitive heuristic
C)prototype D) cognitive schema
82. what type of process lies outside of awareness, but can be brought into consciousness when necessary?
83. Be able to differentiate between formal and informal reasoning?
84. In the ______stages, people assume that a correct answer always exists and can be obtained through the senses or from authorities.
85 know each of the following terms A)Mental set B) Confirmation bias
C)Hindsight bias D) The availability heuristic
86.______is a state of tension that exists when a person simultaneously holds two cognitions that are inconsistent with one another.
87._What type of intelligence refers to the practical application of intelligence.
88.To qualify as a language, what criteria must a communication system must meet?
89.Which animals learned to understand English words, short sentences, and keyboard symbols without formal training?
90.______is the tendency to falsely attribute human qualities to nonhuman beings.
Chapter 10
91 Know the following types of memory A)Episodic B) Semantic C) Flashbulb D) Declarative
92. What is confabulation?
93.What things are related to errors in eyewitness testimony?
94. Know the following terms by definition A)Recall B) Implicit memory
C)Recognition D) Explicit memory
95.In the three-box model of memory, ______has a capacity of seven plus or minus two chunks of information.
96.The ______model represents information as flowing from one system to another.
97.Know the various types of long term memory.
98.In work with rabbits, Richard Thompson showed that one type of procedural memory, classical conditioning of an eye blink response, depends on activity in which part of the brain?
99.Know how each of the following terms effect memory. A)interference B) cue-dependent
C)replacement D) decay
100.What are the possible explanations of childhood amnesia according to the text?
Chapter 11
101.______are considered to be universal and biologically based.
102. Be able to pick out secondary emotions?
103.Ekman and his colleagues gathered evidence supporting the universality of (how many?) facial expressions of emotion?
104.Infants begin to alter their behavior in response to adult facial expressions at about what age?
105.______is the process by which the facial muscles send messages to the brain about the basic emotion being expressed.
106.List the factors that influences a person's ability to recognize facial expressions?
107. What part of the brain is responsible for quickly assessing danger or threat?
108.What are the first emotion words learned by a child?
109.How do men and women differ in terms of expressing emotions?
110.List healthy ways to cope with anger?
Chapter 12
111. Be able to pick out examples of extrinsic motivation? And of intrinsic motivation.
112.______theory refers to a genetically determined weight range for an individual that is maintained by biological mechanisms.
113.What percent of American children and teenagers are now overweight or obese?
114. List the cultural factors causing a worldwide rise in weight?
115. A person with a(n) ______attachment style will find that others are reluctant to get as close as he would like and he worries that his partner won't stay with him.
116.Over time ______typically decreases in relationships.
117.Which of the following motives for sex do men endorse most strongly?
118. List the conditions that increase the motivating power of a goal?
119.what is the difference between approach goals and avoidance goals?
120.Which of the following is NOT one of the top four psychological needs identified in a study of U.S. and South Korean college students?
A)security B) autonomy C) relatedness D) competence
Chapter 13
121.By the end of the twentieth century, biological research was demonstrating that about half of the variation in personality traits was due to______.
122.In psychoanalysis, the part of the personality that represents reason and good sense and responds to reality is called:
123.__you will be given a scenario and will have to choose which defense mechanism best fits it.
Example choices might be A)Denial B) Projection C)Sublimation D) Displacement
124. Know Freud’s psychosexual stages of personality development
125. which major trait theorist recognized that not all traits have equal weight and significance in people's lives?
126. Know the Big Five Personality traits
127.______is an estimate of the proportion of the total variance in some trait among individuals within a group that is attributable to genetic differences.
128.______is defined as a two-way interaction between aspects of the environment and aspects of the individual in the shaping of personality traits.
129. Compare members of individualist cultures to those in collectivist cultures
130.David is struggling with the concept of free will and the way in which it confers on us responsibility for our actions. This is an emphasis in the personality theory of which famous humanist?
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