Appendix B. Mean (S.E.) percent-cover of species with mean abundance > 0.1 percent-cover by wetland group. Indicator species (sensu Dufrene and Legendre 1997, p<0.05) are noted by *.

Group
Species / Sedge meadow, n=3 / Marsh, n=9 / Sedge fen, n=9 / Shrub fen, n=9 / Forested fen, n=6
Trees
Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. / - / - / - / - / 4.6 (4.5)*
Acer rubrum L. / - / - / 0.3 (0.1) / 0.1 (0.1) / 0.4 (0.1)*
Betula populifolia Marshall / - / 0.7 (0.7) / - / - / -
Larix laricina (Du Roi) K.Koch / - / 0.2 (0.2) / 2.1 (1.7) / 0.2 (0.1) / 0.4 (0.2)
Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP / - / - / 0.2 (0.2) / - / 1.9 (1.1)*
Pinus strobus L. / - / - / 0.6 (0.4) / - / -
Thuja occidentalis L. / - / - / 0.4 (0.4) / 0.3 (0.2) / -
Shrubs
Alnus incana (L.) Moench subsp. rugosa / 0.9 (0.5) / 2.5 (0.8) / 2.6 (0.9) / 1.8 (0.9) / 3.6 (1.5)
Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench / - / 0.6 (0.4) / 0.2 (0.2) / 9.6 (2.3)* / -
Cornus canadensis L. / - / - / - / - / 1.3 (1.1)*
Gaultheria hispidula (L.) Muhl. ex Bigelow / - / - / - / - / 0.4 (0.3)*
Gaylussacia baccata (Wangenh.) K.Koch / - / 0.3 (0.3) / 0.5 (0.4) / 0.7 (0.4) / 3.9 (2.2)*
Ilex verticillata (L.) A.Gray / - / - / 1.0 (0.7) / 0.1 (0.1) / 0.5 (0.2)
Kalmia angustifolia L. / - / - / 0.6 (0.4) / 0.2 (0.1) / 0.9 (0.7)
Ledum groenlandicum Oeder / - / - / - / 0.7 (0.7) / 0.4 (0.3)
Myrica gale L. / - / 1.1 (1.0) / - / 29.4 (6.7)* / -
Myrica pensylvanica Mirbel. / - / - / 0.5 (0.5) / - / 2.0 (1.5)*
Rhododendron canadense (L.) Torr. / - / - / - / 0.4 (0.2)* / -
Rosa nitida Willd. / 0.4 (0.4) / 0.1 (0.1) / - / 0.1 (0.1) / -
Rubus hispidus L. / - / 1.0 (0.7) / 2.9 (2.0) / 0.9 (0.8) / 6.9 (4.5)
Rubus idaeus L. / - / 0.9 (0.7) / 0.1 (0.1) / - / 0.3 (0.3)
Salix discolor Muhl. / - / - / 0.6 (0.6) / - / -
Spiraea latifolia (Ait.) Borkh. / - / 3.9 (1.9)* / 1.1 (0.4) / 2.8 (1.2) / 1.0 (0.8)
Spiraea tomentosa L. / 0.8 (0.8) / 1.3 (1.0) / 5.0 (2.0) / 0.1 (0.1) / 1.8 (1.0)
Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze / - / - / 1.6 (1.4) / - / -
Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton / - / - / - / - / 0.3 (0.1)*
Vaccinium corymbosum L. / - / - / - / 0.1 (0.1) / 0.4 (0.2)*
Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton / - / 0.1 (0.1) / 4.2 (1.7) / 2.3 (0.9) / 0.3 (0.2)
Vaccinium oxycocco L. / - / - / - / 0.2 (0.2) / -
Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. / - / - / - / 0.1 (0.1) / -
Viburnum nudum L. var. cassinoides (L.) Torr. & A.Gray / - / - / - / - / 0.2 (0.1)*
Graminoids
Agrostis hyemalis (Walter) BSP / - / - / - / - / 0.1 (0.1)
Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) P.Beauv. / - / 26.7 (9.4)* / 6.9 (1.9) / 1.0 (0.6) / 2.7 (1.9)
Carex atlantica L.H.Bailey / 0.5 (0.5) / 0.1 (0.1) / 1.1 (0.5) / - / 0.1 (0.1)
Carex canescens L. / 9.4 (9.4)* / 0.1 (0.1) / 1.8 (0.9) / 0.8 (0.6) / 0.3 (0.2)
Carex echinata Murray / - / - / - / - / 1.4 (1.1)*
Carex exilis Dewey / - / - / - / 0.9 (0.5) / -
Carex folliculata L. / - / - / 2.7 (2.4) / - / -
Carex lacustris Willd. / - / 5.4 (3.1)* / - / - / -
Carex lasiocarpa Ehrh. / - / 0.5 (0.2) / 1.3 (1.2) / 5.5 (2.4)* / 0.3 (0.3)
Carex leptalea Wahlenb. / - / - / - / - / 0.2 (0.2)
Carex stipata Muhl. ex. Willd. / 0.1 (0.1) / 0.2 (0.2) / - / - / -
Carex stricta Lam. / - / 8.9 (3.7)* / 1.4 (0.9) / 2.5 (0.6) / 1.3 (0.5)
Carex trisperma Dewey / - / - / - / - / 3.6 (2.9)*
Carex utriculata Boott. / 10.1 (10.1) / 1.1 (0.7) / 6.1 (2.8) / 1.6 (0.9) / 1.0 (0.6)
Cladium mariscoides (Muhl.) Torr. / - / - / - / 3.2 (3.1) / -
Dulichium arundinaceum (L.) Britton / - / 0.6 (0.4) / 12.6 (3.5)* / 4.3 (2.7) / 0.9 (0.6)
Eleocharis acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult. / 0.3 (0.3) / 0.1 (0.1) / 2.0 (2.0) / - / -
Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem. & Schult. / - / 0.5 (0.4) / - / - / -
Eriophorum tenellum Nutt. / - / 0.2 (0.2) / - / - / -
Eriophorum virginicum L. / - / - / 0.3 (0.2) / 0.3 (0.2) / 0.5 (0.5)
Glyceria borealis (Nash) Batch. / - / 0.2 (0.2) / - / - / -
Glyceria canadensis (Michx.) Trin. / - / - / 0.3 (0.2)* / - / -
Glyceria obtuse (Muhl.) Trin. / - / - / 0.2 (0.1) / 0.1 (0.1) / -
Juncus brevicaudatus (Engelm). Fernald / - / - / 0.1 (0.1) / - / -
Juncus canadensis J.Gay / 0.3 (0.1) / 0.8 (0.6) / 3.7 (2.1) / 0.9 (0.5) / -
Juncus effusus L. / 1.7 (1.7) / - / 0.7 (0.5) / - / -
Juncus pelocarpus E.Mey. / - / - / 0.1 (0.1) / 0.5 (0.3) / -
Muhlenbergia uniflora (Muhl.) Fernald / - / - / 0.2 (0.2) / 0.1 (0.1) / -
Panicum acuminatum (Sw.) / - / - / - / 0.2 (0.2) / -
Rhynchospora alba (L.) Vahl. / - / - / 0.2 (0.2) / 1.2 (0.7)* / -
Rhynchospora fusca (L.) W.T.Aiton / - / - / - / 0.2 (0.2)* / -
Schoenoplectus subterminalis (Torr.) Soják / - / - / - / 0.2 (0.2) / -
Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth / - / 2.1 (1.5) / 3.0 (1.6) / - / 0.5 (0.3)
Scirpus microcarpus J.Presl & C.Presl / - / - / 0.4 (0.4) / 0.1 (0.1) / -
Sparganium americanum Nutt. / 9.9 (5.5) / 2.0 (1.9) / 2.4 (1.3) / 0.1 (0.1) / -
Sparganium emersum Rehmann / 0.4 (0.4) / - / - / - / -
Typha angustifolia L. / 0.3 (0.3) / - / - / - / -
Typha latifolia L. / 27.5 (16.8)* / 0.8 (0.3) / 3.0 (1.5) / 0.8 (0.8) / 0.6 (0.5)
Typha X glauca Godr. X / 4.6 (4.6) / 1.2 (1.2) / - / - / 0.3 (0.3)
Forbs
Aralia nudicaulis L. / - / - / - / - / 0.3 (0.2)
Oclemena nemoralis (Aiton) Greene / - / - / 0.6 (0.4) / 1.9 (0.8) / 1.1 (0.7)
Aster umbellatus Mill. / - / - / - / - / 0.1 (0.1)*
Brasenia schreberi J.F.Gmel. / 2.1 (2.1) / 0.4 (0.4) / - / 1.0 (1.0) / -
Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb. / - / - / - / - / 0.3 (0.2)
Drosera intermedia Hayne / - / - / - / 0.8 (0.3)* / -
Drosera rotundifolia L. / - / - / 0.3 (0.1) / 0.3 (0.2) / 0.1 (0.1)
Epilobium leptophyllum Raf. / 0.4 (0.4) / - / - / - / -
Equisetum sylvaticum L. / - / - / - / - / 0.1 (0.1)
Eriocaulon aquaticum (Hill) Druce / - / - / - / 0.2 (0.2)* / -
Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. / - / 0.1 (0.1) / - / - / -
Galium trifidum L. / 2.7 (1.5)* / 0.2 (0.1) / 0.1 (0.1) / - / -
Hypericum boreale (Britton) L.P.Bicknell / - / - / 0.1 (0.1) / - / -
Impatiens capensis Meerb. / 0.1 (0.1) / - / - / - / -
Iris versicolor L. / - / - / 0.3 (0.2) / - / 0.2 (0.1)
Lycopus uniflorus Michx. / 0.3 (0.2) / 0.1 (0.1) / 0.3 (0.1) / 0.1 (0.1) / -
Lysimachia terrestris (L.) BSP / 4.4 (3.3)* / 0.6 (0.2) / 1.4 (0.6) / 0.4 (0.2) / 0.3 (0.2)
Lythrum salicaria L. / 0.3 (0.3) / - / - / - / -
Nuphar variegate Durand / - / - / 0.3 (0.3) / 0.1 (0.1) / -
Nymphaea odorata Aiton / - / - / 0.1 (0.1) / 2.5 (1.2) / -
Onoclea sensibilis L. / - / 0.7 (0.4) / 0.2 (0.1) / - / 0.6 (0.3)
Osmunda cinnamomea L. / - / 0.2 (0.1) / 0.4 (0.3) / 0.2 (0.2) / 9.4 (3.3)*
Osmunda regalis L. / - / - / 0.4 (0.3) / 0.5 (0.4) / 5.3 (3.3)
Pogonia ophioglossoides (L.) Ker Gawl. / - / - / - / 0.1 (0.1) / -
Polygonum sagittatum L. / 0.1 (0.1) / - / - / - / -
Sagittaria latifolia Willd. / 1.7 (1.7) / - / - / 0.1 (0.1) / -
Sarracenia purpurea L. / - / - / - / 0.5 (0.5) / 0.1 (0.1)
Scutellaria galericulata L. / 0.1 (0.1) / - / - / - / -
Solidago canadensis L. / - / 0.5 (0.5) / - / - / -
Solidago rugosa Mill. / - / 0.7 (0.7) / - / - / -
Solidago uliginosa Nutt. / - / - / - / 0.1 (0.1) / -
Thelypteris palustris Schott / - / 1.8 (1.5) / 4.6 (2.0) / 0.4 (0.2) / 6.2 (2.7)
Triadenum virginicum(L.) Raf. / 1.0 (0.4) / 0.6 (0.3) / 1.7 (0.3) / 1.1 (0.4) / 0.1 (0.1)
Trientalis borealis Raf. / - / - / - / - / 0.6 (0.3)*
Utricularia minor L. / - / - / - / 0.1 (0.1)* / -
Utricularia vulgaris L. / - / - / 0.3 (0.2) / 0.5 (0.2)* / -
Viola blanda Willd. / - / - / 0.1 (0.1) / - / -

Literature Cited

Dufrêne, M. P. and P. Legendre. 1997. Species assemblages and indicator species: the need for a flexible asymmetrical approach. Ecological Monographs 67:345-366.