Class/Period:
Date:
Essential Question:
CLASSIFICATION OF LIFE NOTES
I. Grouping Organisms
· ______- the field of biology that identifies and classifies organisms
· taxonomists analyze shared characteristics to determine ______
· biological classification systems group the most ______organisms together
II. Carl Linneaus
· Classification used used today - developed by ______(mid 1700’s)
· Linneaus’ system originally included five levels of classification ; modern scientists have added two more
· Members of the same species can ______
III. Classification System
1. ______- (most general)
2. ______(sing: phylum)
3. ______
4. ______
5. ______
6. ______
7. ______(most specific)
IV. Uses of Classification
· Taxonomists estimate that there are ______mill different species on Earth today
· The variety in living things is called ______
V. Species
• Members of the same species can ______
EVOLUTION: Natural Selection
I. What is Evolution?
A. Evolution is the process of ______over time.
B. Evolution occurs not only in living ______but in all sorts of other areas.
*______
*technology
*entertainment
C. The theory of evolution is NOT necessarily an explanation for the origin of life, it simply means that existing ______are constantly changing.
D. Evidence for evolution comes from many fields of science
II. Evidence from Fossils
A. ______allow us to view ______that have occurred in organisms over time (evolution)
B. In the geologic fossil record, the oldest fossils are found at the bottom and the youngest are found at the top.
C. By looking at the ______, several things can be concluded:
1st - the earliest organisms were ______and ______in structure
2nd- over millions of years organisms became ______and more ______
3rd - the number of different types of organisms has ______over time
4th - many species of organisms have ______and been replaced by different species
III. Evidence from Structure
A. Much of the evidence for evolution comes from the observations of the ______of different organisms
B. ______- structures in different species that have the same evolutionary origin
Ex. The ______of a bat, human, and whale these all have different functions and are found in different species but they have the same bone structure.
C. ______- small incomplete organs which have no apparent function
Ex. vestigial leg bones in snakes are evidence that the ancestors of snakes were reptiles with legs. Vestigial pelvis bones in whales are evidence that their ancestors once walked on land
IV. The Theory of Natural Selection
A. Up until the 1800’s people believed that species were ______and unchanging.
B. Darwin provided the theory of Natural Selection and provided evidence to support this theory in his book ______
C. Darwin devoted most of his life to studying living things and went on a 5yr expedition to the ______Islands where he observed and collected many specimens.
D. Darwin also drew from his observations on ______of domestic plants and animals. He realized that variations were the basis on which organisms were selected for breeding. He hypothesized that a similar kind of selection occurred in ______.
E. Natural selection depends on the ______.
F. Darwin’s theory of evolution by means of Natural Selection can be summarized in 4 statements
1) Organisms produce more offspring than can______(so there is ______for resources)
2) ______exist within populations
3) Some variations give individuals a better chance for survival and ______
4) Over time, the offspring of parents with favorable characteristics will make up a ______of the population.
REMEMBER !!EVOLUTION OCCURS IN POPULATIONS, NOT INDIVIDUALS.