Table 1. Scorecard for investigating the management capacity and effectiveness of nature reserves in China.[A1]

Assessment aspect / Assessment indicator / Assessment content
management base / management agency / Focusing on the condition and status of agencies, staff, budget, equipment and facilities in a reserve
police agency
boundary of reserve
number of staff members
salary and other benefits
budget sources for protection activities
infrastructure
management mechanism / management system / Focusing on the determination of management regulations, management plans and management objectives and the allocation of charges in a reserve and on the manner and mechanism of coordination between the reserve and local residents, neighboring residents and communities and other relevant agencies, departments and enterprises
Additional points awarded if the reserve is part of the Project of Ecological Public-welfare Forest Compensation and Natural Protection
land/forest authorities
regulations
administrative law-enforcement authorization
personnel management
community involvement
management plan
monitoring and evaluation
management activity / management of protection targets / Focusing on the activities launched by reserve staff to accomplish protective objectives and reserve functions, including reserve planning, boundary determination, patrol, staff training, resource surveys and participation in scientific research and monitoring
master plan
Additional points awarded for the absence of land and forest conflicts between the reserve and local communities
resource and biodiversity investigation
Research
Additional points awarded if the reserve has carried out independent research projects, some of which are ongoing
resource management
resource monitoring
Additional pointsawarded if no illegal logging, hunting or other damage events to protection targets have occurred in the last three years.
staff training
budget expenditures and management
use and maintenance of equipment
education and awareness
Additional points awarded if international exchange projects have taken place during the last three years
community co-management
tourism management
Additional points awarded if the reserve has developed facilities that provide convenience for tourists, such as travel hotels and restaurants
patrol in reserve
Management effectiveness / condition assessment / Focusing on the status of protection targets, the status of resource management and protection in a reserve and the impact of the reserve on its neighborhood and on regional economic development
Additional points awarded if active programs exist for the restoration of degraded areas within the protected area and/or the protected-area buffer zone
access assessment
coordinative development between the reserve and community

Table 5. Score features of each assessment index.[A2]

Assessment aspect / Indicator[A3] / % of reserves with scored 0 / % of reserves with scored 1 / % of reserves with scored 2 / % of reserves with scored 3 / Average score
management base / management agency / 7.10 / 10.47 / 55.14 / 27.29 / 2.03
police agency / 39.25 / 11.78 / 39.44 / 9.53 / 1.19
boundary of reserve / 3.18 / 15.14 / 45.79 / 35.89 / 2.14
number of staff members / 7.10 / 56.26 / 17.01 / 19.63 / 1.49
salary and other benefits / 30.47 / 15.51 / 42.62 / 11.40 / 1.35
budget sources for protection activities / 39.81 / 17.57 / 40.56 / 2.06 / 1.05
infrastructure / 16.45 / 15.33 / 58.50 / 9.72 / 1.61
management mechanism / management system / 20.19 / 42.06 / 14.95 / 22.80 / 1.08
land/forest authorities / 19.44 / 17.94 / 11.40 / 51.21 / 1.94
regulations / 20.19 / 42.06 / 14.95 / 22.80 / 1.08
administrative law-enforcement authorization / 34.21 / 19.25 / 8.04 / 38.50 / 1.51
personnel management / 6.36 / 19.63 / 50.47 / 23.55 / 1.91
community involvement / 13.27 / 64.11 / 16.64 / 5.98 / 1.15
management plan / 17.20 / 18.50 / 35.51 / 28.79 / 1.76
monitoring and evaluation / 21.68 / 54.02 / 14.58 / 9.72 / 1.12
management activity / management of protection targets / 1.12 / 6.17 / 62.43 / 30.28 / 2.22
master plan / 16.45 / 26.17 / 45.05 / 12.34 / 1.53
resource and biodiversity investigation / 13.27 / 22.24 / 30.09 / 34.39 / 1.86
Research / 19.63 / 24.86 / 42.99 / 12.52 / 1.48
resource management / 2.24 / 13.83 / 57.94 / 25.98 / 2.08
resource monitoring / 24.30 / 50.47 / 14.39 / 10.84 / 1.12
staff training / 12.52 / 41.31 / 26.54 / 19.63 / 1.53
budget expenditures and management / 39.81 / 20.56 / 33.64 / 5.98 / 1.06
use and maintenance of equipment / 47.85 / 31.03 / 18.50 / 2.62 / 0.76
education and awareness / 4.11 / 39.07 / 45.23 / 11.59 / 1.64
community co-management / 33.83 / 36.82 / 22.06 / 7.29 / 1.03
tourism management / 28.04 / 23.74 / 25.61 / 22.62 / 1.43
patrol in reserve / 1.87 / 27.85 / 42.06 / 28.22 / 1.97
management effectiveness / condition assessment / 4.11 / 14.21 / 43.36 / 38.32 / 2.16
access assessment / 11.21 / 26.36 / 43.93 / 18.50 / 1.70
coordinative development between the reserve and community / 8.04 / 23.55 / 43.36 / 25.05 / 1.85

Table 5. GDP of 31 municipalities and provinces in 2005.[A4]

province/ municipality / number of reserves / GDP (hundred million yuan) / province/ municipality / number of reserves / GDP (hundred million yuan)
Tibet / 8 / 251.21 / Shanxi / 27 / 3675.66
Qinghai / 3 / 543.32 / Tianjin / 3 / 3697.62
Ningxia / 2 / 606.10 / Inner Mongolia / 52 / 3895.55
Hainan / 20 / 894.57 / Jiangxi / 20 / 4056.76
Hebei / 8 / 10096.11 / Guangxi / 47 / 4075.75
Heinan / 15 / 10587.42 / Shanxi / 10 / 4179.52
Zhejiang / 8 / 13437.85 / Anhui / 23 / 5375.12
Jiangsu / 3 / 18305.66 / Heilongjiang / 7 / 5511.50
Shandong / 6 / 18516.87 / Hunan / 30 / 6511.34
Guangdong / 19 / 22366.54 / Hubei / 7 / 6520.14
Gansu / 44 / 1933.98 / Fujian / 15 / 6568.93
Guizhou / 8 / 1979.06 / Beijing / 7 / 6886.31
Xinjiang / 16 / 2604.19 / Sichuan / 55 / 7385.11
Chongqing / 5 / 3070.49 / Liaoning / 11 / 8009.01
Yunnan / 42 / 3472.89 / Shanghai / 1 / 9154.18
Jilin / 13 / 3620.27

[A1]This could be moved to Supplementary Online Material

[A2]Move to Supplementary Online Material

[A3]Replace with the text indicating the meaning of the Indicator so that the Table can be read as a stand alone set of data

[A4]Move to Supplementary Online Material