Name ______Date ______Hour______
Geologic Time Review
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____1.An example of a trace fossil includes a
a. / cast of a clam. / c. / mud crack.b. / worm trail. / d. / raindrop impression.
____2.An example of a fossil with original preservation includes a(n)
a. / insect imbedded in amber. / c. / dinosaur footprint.b. / coprolite. / d. / mold of a fish skeleton.
____3.An example of a fossil with altered hard parts includes
a. / a mummified human body. / c. / a saber-toothed cat in tar.b. / agastrolith. / d. / petrified wood.
____4.You can tell that the oldest rocks are at the bottom of an undisturbed rock sequence by using the principle of
a. / uniformitarianism.b. / original horizontality.
c. / superposition.
d. / cross-cutting relationships.
____5.The principle that states that the processes occurring today have occurred since Earth formed is known as the principle of
a. / uniformitarianism.b. / original horizontality.
c. / superposition.
d. / cross-cutting relationships.
____6.The geologic principle that states that sedimentary rocks are deposited in horizontal layers is the principle of
a. / uniformitarianism.b. / original horizontality.
c. / superposition.
d. / cross-cutting relationships.
____7.You can tell that a fault is younger than the rock it cuts across by applying the principle of
a. / uniformitarianism.b. / original horizontality.
c. / superposition.
d. / cross-cutting relationships.
____8.What is the matching of outcrops from one geographic region to another?
a. / correlation / c. / superpositionb. / unconformity / d. / uniformitarianism
____9.A buried erosional surface in the rock record is a(n)
a. / correlation. / c. / inclusion.b. / unconformity. / d. / principle.
____10.In an undisturbed rock sequence, the youngest rock layer is located
a. / at the bottom of the sequence.b. / at the top of the sequence.
c. / below the sedimentary rock layer.
d. / below the unconformity.
____11.What are particles eroded from a layer of rock that become incorporated in an overlying rock layer?
a. / fossils / c. / sillsb. / unconformities / d. / inclusions
____12.The rock layers beneath an eroded surface are at an angle to that surface in a(n)
a. / nonconformity. / c. / angular unconformity.b. / disconformity. / d. / cross-cutting relationship.
____13.The relative age of a rock layer that contains inclusions is
a. / older than the source of the inclusions.b. / older than the layer below it.
c. / younger than the source of the inclusions.
d. / the same as the intrusion that cuts across it.
Completion
Complete each statement.
Use the list below to identify the term that best completes the statement.
nonconformity / correlation / angular unconformity / permineralizationsuperposition / cast / cross-cutting relationships / amber mold
14.The principle of ______states that, in an undisturbed sequence, the oldest rocks are at the bottom of the sequence and successive layers are younger than those below them.
15.In the process of ______, pore spaces within an organism’s shell are filled in with mineral substances.
16.Fossil insects can be found imbedded in ______, the hardened sap of prehistoric trees.
17.A(n) ______forms when the hollowed-out impression of a fossil organism becomes filled with minerals or sediment.
18.When the original parts of an organism in a sedimentary rock are weathered and eroded, a hollowed-out impression called a(n) ______forms.
19.The gap in the rock record that occurs between folded or uplifted rock layers and a sedimentary rock layer on top of them is called a(n) ______.
20.You can use the principle of ______to infer that a fault or an intrusion is younger than the rock it cuts across.
21.A buried erosional surface between a nonsedimentary rock and a sedimentary rock is called a(n) ______.
22.The matching of rock layers from one geographic area with those of another area is known as ______.
Short Answer
23.Contrast relative age-dating and absolute-age dating.
24.List the characteristics of an index fossil.
Problems
25.Use the diagram above to number the events below in the order in which they occurred.
_____ H is deposited. / _____ J is deposited_____ P intrudes and crystallizes. / _____ Q is deposited.
_____ L, M, N, O, P, and Q are uplifted and eroded. / _____ J is eroded.
_____ M intrudes and crystallizes. / _____ O is deposited.
_____ N is deposited / _____ K is deposited.
_____ I is deposited. / _____ L is deposited.
26.Identify the two types of unconformities in the diagram and describe how they formed.
27.How old is a rock that has 851,078 atoms of N-14 and 13,506 atoms of C-14?