Senator from South Carolina who was a strong supporter of states’ rights and slavery.
Wrote the Doctrine of Nullification.
Supported the spread of slavery in the Compromise of 1850
Senator from Kentucky
Created the American System and helped found the Whig Party
Proposed the Missouri Compromise, the tariff compromise of 1833, and the Compromise of 1850
Known as the “Great Compromiser” / Commander of the Continental Army during the American Revolution
President of the Constitutional Convention
1st president of the U.S.
Put down Whiskey Rebellion
Farewell Address said U.S. should be neutral
Senator from Massachusetts
known as “The Great Orator”
Helped found the Whig Party
Helped create compromises that avoided civil war from the 1830s-1850
Lawyer who won the cases of McCulloch v Maryland and Gibbons v Ogden
Former Senator from Mississippi and Secretary of War
Became the only president of the Confederate States of America in February 1861 / Co-founder of Transcendentalism
Wrote Walden , about individual self-reliance
Created the idea of “Civil Disobedience” and passive resistance
Union general at the Battle of Shiloh and the Siege of Vicksburg
Took command of all Union armies at the end of 1863 and defeated the Confederate Army, accepting its surrender in April 1865
Selected to 2 terms as president
Career army soldier, rejected the command of the Union at start of the Civil War
In 1862 became commander of Confederate forces
His military leadership was an advantages of Confederacy
His surrenders ended the Civil War / Author of the Declaration of Independence
1st Secretary of State
Founder of Democratic-Republican Party, strong states and weak central government strict interpretation of Constitution
3rd president
Purchased Louisiana from France, sent Lewis and Clark,
Lawyer from Illinois who ran for Senate against Stephen Douglas in 1858
First Republican president
President during the Civil War
Gettysburg Address
Assassinated in 1865
Missouri slave who sued for his freedom
The Supreme Court ruled that he was a slave and that slaves were not citizens. The Court also ruled that slavery could not be prohibited in the territories / Massachusetts patriot who spent much of the war in Europe securing financial aid for the Americans
1st Vice President
2nd President
Kept U.S. out of war after XYZ Affair, Alien and sedition Acts
Confederate general from Virginia.
Earned his nickname at the 1st Battle of Bull Run
Lee’s best field commander
Killed by “friendly fire” at the Battle of Chancellorsville
Chilean immigrant living in Massachusetts, joined U.S. navy during the Civil War
Won the Congressional Medal of Honor for his bravery in the naval assault on Fort Fisher in North Carolina / Virginia patriot, who in opposition to the Stamp Act said “Give me Liberty or give me Death!”
Led Virginia anti-federalists against ratification of the Constitution. Didn’t think the Constitution protected individual rights
Member of the 54thMassachusetts Regiment during the Civil War
Won the Congressional Medal of honor for bravery in the Union assault on Ft Wagner, South Carolina
6th President of the US
Spent the last 18 years of his life as a member of the House of Representatives
Worked to promote education and to end slavery / Former slave who became one of the most famous abolitionist leaders
Published the abolitionist newspaper The North Star
During the Civil War, worked for emancipation and to enlist African American troops for the Union army
Supported ratification of the Constitution through his essays in The Federalist Papers
1st Secretary of the Treasury creating the nation’s financial plan including a national Bank
Founder of the Federalist Party, believed in a strong central government and loose interpretation of the Constitution
American general who defeated the British at New Orleans in 1815
Served 2 terms as president
Responsible for the Indian Removal Act, vetoing the recharter of the national Bank and killing it, threatened to invade South Carolina as part of the nullification crisis, and increasing voting rights to the “common man”
Father of the Democratic Party / Wife of John Adams
Urges her husband to “remember the ladies” when creating new government after declaring independence
Early supporter of rights for women
Massachusetts patriot who helped organizes the Sons of Liberty in Boston and helped organize the Boston Tea Party.
Also helped start the committees of correspondence to improve the flow of communication between patriot groups
Active in both the abolition and temperance movements, but dedicated her life to the struggle for women’s rights. She campaigned for women to receive the right to vote. She was even arrested for voting. Her work led to the passage of the 19th amendment. / A Virginia slave who served as a spy for Washington’s army during the Revolutionary War. He was able to easily get into British camps and report back to Washington what he learned. For his service during the war, he was ranted his freedom
Former slave who was one of the American civilians who were killed by British soldiers in March of 1770 in what became known as the Boston Massacre.
Member of the Hudson River School. Interested in painting nature, particularly birds. Created Birds of America, a collection of paintings that documented almost every specie of birds that existed in America in the early 19th century. /
English lawyer of the 18th century. Wrote Classic Commentaries on the Laws of England. This was the basis of law education of all colonial American lawyers such as Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and John Marshall. It greatly influenced American ideas about the law.
African American landowner in New Hampshire who served as a school teacher and judge. He volunteered as a soldier during the American Revolution and fought at the battles of Saratoga.
American writer, printer, political, inventor and diplomat. As a writer and printer he created Poor Richard’s Almanac. As an inventor he worked with electricity (lightening). During the French & Indian War he created the Albany plan of Union. As a member of the Continental Congress, he was on the committee to draft a declaration of independence in 1776. He represented American interests in France and secured an alliance during the Revolution. He was a delegate at the Constitutional Convention in 1787. / Spanish governor of Louisiana during the American Revolution. Side with the Americans against the British. Helped secure Spanish supplies for the Americans. Galveston, Texas is named in his honor.
King of England from 1760 – 1820. He supported British taxation of American colonies and the stationing of troops in American towns. He was the “king” Americans were rebelling against during the American Revolution.
Puritan minister who settled in Massachusetts, but moved to what is now Connecticut to start a new colony. Helped create the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut and believed in expanding voting privileges. / American naval hero during the American Revolution. His victories over a far superior British navy inspired Americans during the war. He is remembered for saying “I have not yet begun to fight!” when his ship was under attack and in danger of sinking. Many consider him the “father” of the American navy.
French nobleman who decided to come to America to help the colonists fight for their freedom from the British. Helped gain French support for the American cause. Became a lifelong friend of George Washington.
17th century English philosopher who wrote that man has certain natural rights that included life, liberty and property. His books The First and Second Treatises on Civil Government influenced Thomas Jefferson’s writing of the Declaration of Independence. / Virginia delegate to the Constitutional Convention in 1787, he wrote the Virginia Plan and kept the best notes of the convention. Strong supporter of ratification of the Constitution, he wrote part of The Federalist Papers. He wrote the amendments that became the Bill of Rights. Along with Jefferson, cofounded the Democratic-Republican Party. Served as Jefferson’s Secretary of State. Followed Jefferson as president. Was president during the War of 1812.
Virginia lawyer who was appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in 1801 by John Adams. As strong Federalist who strengthened the power of the federal government through the decisions made by the Supreme Court. He gave the Court the power of judicial review in Marbury v Madison. He strengthens control over interstate commerce in Gibbons v Ogden, and established the constitutionality of the national bank in McCullough v Maryland. He ruled for the sovereignty of the Cherokee in Woester v Georgia, but Jackson ignored the ruling.
Virginia delegate to the Constitutional Convention in 1787. Became and anti-federalist because he believed the Constitution didn’t protect individual rights. Helped Madison draft the amendments that became the Bill of Rights / 5th president of the U.S. His presidency was known as the “Era of Good Feeling” because of the lack of political opposition. Most famous for his statement of U.S. foreign policy, the Monroe Doctrine, that prohibited further European colonization in the Americas. It also said the U.S would stay out of European affairs.
French nobleman who wrote about government and law. His idea of separating the government into 3 branches influenced James Madison and his views on the government created in the Constitution.
Englishman who came to American colonies and became a patriot. His pamphlet “Common Sense” helped motivate many to support independence. He wrote “The Crisis” to encourage American soldiers to continue fighting even when times were tough. / Received a large land grant from Charles II in 1681. He founded the colony of Pennsylvania for his fellow Quakers in 1682. Created a society based on equality and guaranteed a democratic government in his Frames of Government.
A polish, Jewish immigrant to New York who became a patriot. He spent time as a spy for the Americans, but is most know for his work helping finance the Continental Congress and the American war effort.
Leader of the Women’s Rights movement. She organized a women’s rights convention in her hometown. The Seneca Falls Convention wrote the Declaration of Sentiments calling for property rights for women and voting rights. / American patriot who wrote plays, poems, and essays to support the American cause. Much of her writings made fun of the British. Friends with Abigail Adams and the sister of James Otis, she was very outspoken for a woman of her day,