Study Guide

  1. Define heredity. (S7L3a)
  2. Define dominant trait. (S7L3a)
  3. Define recessive trait. (S7L3a)
  4. In a sexually reproducing organism, if an adult cell has 46 chromosomes in its nucleus, how many of these chromosomes will its offspring receive? (S7L3a)
  5. What is the difference between genotype and phenotype? (S7L3a
  6. What structure carries genes, and where are they located?(S7L3a)
  7. How many chromosomes do human body cells have? Human sex cells? Identify each as haploid or diploid. (S7L3a)
  8. What is the difference between a gene and an allele? (S7L3a)
  9. What are Punnett Squares used for? (S7L3a)
  10. List and explain the three types of asexual reproduction. (S7L3b)
  11. Which type of reproduction results in offspring that are most different from the parent organisms? (S7L3b)
  12. A piece of a geranium plant is cut and placed it in a jar of water in the window. Several weeks later the piece has grown into a new plant. What is true about the genetic relationship between the first plant and the new one? (S7L3b)
  13. Everyone in Squidward’s family has light blue skin, which is the dominant trait for body color in his hometown of Squid Valley. His family brags that they are a “purebred” line. He recently married a nice girl who has light green skin, which is a recessive trait. Create a Punnett square to show the possibilities that would result if Squidward and his new bride had children. Use B to represent the dominant gene and b to represent the recessive gene.

A. List the possible genotypes and phenotypes for their children and complete the Punnett Square.

B. What are the chances of a child with light blue skin? ____%

C. What are the chances of a child with light green skin? ____%

D. Would Squidward’s children still be considered purebreds? Explain! B B

b

b

  1. For thousands of year’s new varieties of plants and domestic animals have resulted from what process? (S7L3c)
  2. It is very common for yellow labs to have bad hips. This is because owners want purebred yellow labs who are good hunting dogs. What is this an example of? (S7L3c)
  3. All of the following statements are reasons for selective breeding except: (S7L3c)
  1. To produce offspring with desirable characteristics
  2. Farmers increase their profit by improving crops
  3. To improve the quality of food products
  4. To increase migration patterns
  1. What is the purpose of selective breeding? (S7L3c)
  1. Use the food web to the right to identify/answer the following questions.

a. Producer(s) (S7L4a):

b. Consumers (S7L4a):

c. How is energy transferred from organisms in this ecosystem? (S7L4a)

d. What do the arrows in a food chain or food web represent? (S7L4a)

e. Where does energy enter this food web? (S7L4a)

f. Example of a predator-prey relationship (S7L4d)

g. Example of organisms which compete with each other (S7L4c)

h. Transfer from producer to consumer (S7L4a)

  1. Using the food web to the right, identify a transfer of matter that goes from consumer to decomposer. (S7L4a)
  1. How does a food chain or food web illustrate the cycling of nutrients in the environment? (S7L4a)
  1. How do decaying organisms affect the health of an ecosystem? How would the complete removal of decomposers affect an ecosystem? (S7L4a)