GRAMMAR
I. Word order: adverbs with the verb. (Study the Language Summary (V2.1) on p. 116 in your Student’s Book. Mind that the same rules are applicable to adverbs of certainty (e.g. definitely, probably etc.)).
1. Say how often you do some of the following things.
Examples:
I sometimes stay in bed late. I don't often go to the doctor.
stay in bed late have bad dreams eat chocolate get headaches play tennis read poetry fall in love go to concerts play the piano forget peopled names go to the cinema cook go to the doctor write letters go skiing go swimming get depressed feel happy
Work with another student:
• ask him/her how often he/she does the things in Exercise 3
• report his/her answer.
Examples:
1 'How often do you go to concerts-' 'Never.'
2 Maria never goes to concerts.
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2. These sentences are all taken from real recorded conversations.
Can you put the adverbs in the right places?
1. You are here when something happens, (usually)
2. Her mum cooks a meal in the evening, (always)
3. We book that April holiday in January, (usually)
4. They think that we have got bread, (probably)
5. You should look where you're going, (always)
fShe is going to stay overnight, (probably)
6. Chocolate cakes arc the best, (definitely)
7. I will be able to get it cheaper, (probably)
8. I have had an illness in my life, (never)
9. We saw sweets in those days, (never)
10. I remember buying some, (definitely)
11. Do you read upside down? (usually)
12. I can manage to get there, (usually)
13. She has done that before, (never)
14. 1Something is burning, (definitely)
15. She has been nervous, (always)
16. I feel cold in your house, (never)
17. They were against me. (always)
18. We are going to win. (definitely)
19. February is the worst, (usually)
20. It is very difficult, (sometimes)
21. I buy them in boxes, (always)
22. I have tried to find it. (often)
23. They are lighting, (always)
24. She saw this ghost, (often)
25. You are right, (probably)
NB If there is more than one auxiliary verb, adverbs of frequency and certainty usually go after the first auxiliary.
The roof has never been repaired.
Adverbs go before or after not depending on the meaning. Compare:
She’s not often late. It's definitely not raining.
3. Rewrite each underlined sentence using the adverb in brackets.
Andy and Jane came home from shopping on Saturday to find their house had been burgled. A police officer has come to investigate the crime.
officer: You say you're not sure how the thieves got in. Before I
look round, can I ask you a few questions about the house?
ANDY: Of course.
officer: (1) Do you lock the front door when you go out? (always)
ANDY: (2) Yes, and I locked it yesterday, (definitely)
OFFICER: OK. What about the windows?
ANDY: (3) Well, the downstairs ones are locked, (always)
JANE: (4) We have a lock on the little one in the hall, (even)
OFFICER: And upstairs?
JANE: (5) Well. I think most of the windows were locked, (probably)
ANDY (6) They were locked on Friday, (all)
JANE: Are you sure?
ANDY: Yes, I checked them all.
officer: And you didn't open any on Friday night?
ANDY: (7) No, I didn't, (certainly)
OFFICER: Well, I can't understand it. Let's look round. Perhaps I'll notice something you've missed.
4. Answer the questions using the words in brackets.
1 What does Timothy have for breakfast? (has an egg + usually)
He......
2 Does Margaret watch a lot of television? (doesn't own one + even)
She ......
3 Why did James leave the party? (was bored + probably) He......
4 Does Sally like your house? (has been there + never) She......
5 Do you know where Maureen might be? (has a rest about this time + often) She......
6 How is Keith getting on with his homework? (has finished it + almost) He......
II. Present and past habits. Repeated actions and states. (Study the Language Summary on pp. 116 – 117 (G2.1)).
1. Present Simple vs. Present Continuous.
Here are some sentences taken from real conversations. Can you put the beginnings and ends together?
BEGINNINGS / ENDSDad is always teasing me / A party in one of the houses
He's always arguing / about my clothes.
He's always giving people / and chest problems.
Her best friend is always / her family.
dropping in / making up stories about people.
I hate those cartoons / new products.
Jamie is always having colds / or fighting.
My wife's always buying / she wishes she was prettier.
She's always criticising / Small presents.
She's always saying / To criticise the way she lives her life.
Someone is always giving / where Tom is always chasing Jerry.
That old bitch is always
2 Use this structure to write sentences describing people you know who often do some of the things below:
worry about nothing lose their temper lose things complain about their health forget things cry fall in love change their job buy new clothes quarrel talk nonsense
3. Expand one of the sets of notes below to complete each dialogue.
continually/change/mind forever/moan/work forever/ask me/money constantly/criticise/driving
1. A: Can I borrow £10? B:You're......
2. A: That was a dangerous thing to do. B:You're......
3. A: I think I'll stay here after all. B:You're......
4. A: I had a bad day at the office again. B:You're......
4. Will, Would, Used to.
Here are some laws of nature. Join the beginnings and the ends.
BEGINNINGS / ENDSAfter you have bought / it will.
something. / somebody will.
If anything can go wrong, / they will both be on at the same
If there are two good TV shows, / time.
If you explain so clearly that / will always move faster.
nobody can misunderstand, / will fall asleep first.
If you throw something away. / You will find it somewhere else
No matter how much you do, / cheaper.
The one who snores / You'll need it the next day.
The other queue / You'll never do enough.
5. Complete the sentences with will/would + the verbs below.
Be drive fall keep listen make play ring take talk tell1 Dad, I've broken my watch.' 'Well, you ______playing with it.
2 On Sundays when we were kids Mother ______us pancakes for breakfast.
3 He's no trouble – he _____by himself for hours.
4 She is nice but she ______about people behind their backs.
5 People _____ to you if you listen to them.
6 We lived by a lake and sometimes Dad ______us fishing.
7 I’m not surprised you had an accident – you _____ too fast.
8 If you drop toast it _____ butter side down every time.
9 If you're having a bath, the phone ____. And if you answer it, it ____ a wrong number.
10 He ____ you one thing one minute and the opposite the next – he's crazy.
7. Complete the text with words from the box, using used to ...
buy go have keep look after look at live play stand take
Recently we took our 15-year-old son Joe to the place in Paris where we 1 when he was a baby. We showed him the house, with the balcony where he 2 and make speeches to imaginary crowds. Then we went inside, and believe it or not, there was Mme Duchene who 3 Joe when we were working. She didn't look a day older. We couldn't get into the flat, but we saw the garden where Joe 4 . Then we visited the park where we 5 him for walks, the zoo where he 6 the lions and tigers, and the lake where we 7 boating. Not much had changed in the area: most of the shops were still there, including the wonderful old grocer's where we 8 delicacies like cherries in brandy. But the friendly butcher who 9 the best pieces of meat for us was gone, and so was the restaurant with the bad-tempered old waitress where we 10 Sunday lunch. I found it strange to go back: it made me feel happy and sad at the same time. But Joe was delighted with the trip.
8. Make sentences with used to and didn't use to about how people lived hundreds of years ago.
1 travel / horse
2 cook / wood fires
3 live so long
4 fight / spears
5 hunt / bows and arrows
6 believe / ghosts and devils
7 be able / vote
8 think / earth was flat
9 bigger families
10 children / work
9. Write some sentences about things that you used to or didn't use to do/think/ believe when you were younger. Work with other students, find out what they used to do/think/ believe.
NB We can use used to but not would when we talk about past states that have changed:
The factory used to be over there. Didn't you use to smoke at university?
We don't use either used to or would when we say exactly how many times in total something happened, how long something took, or that a single event happened at a given past time:
We visited Switzerland four times during the 1970s, (not We would/used to visit...)
She went to Jamaica last month, (not She would/used to go to Jamaica last month.)
10. If possible, complete these sentences with will (or won't) or would (or wouldn't) followed by one of these verbs. If it is not possible to use will or would, use a verb in the past simple.
come decide eat help invite keep remember
1 Amy works really hard. Every afternoon she...... home from school at 4.15 and do an hour of piano practice.
2 Richard phoned yesterday and...... me out for dinner.
3 When Dominic was young he...... any green vegetables.
4 The creaking noises in the old house...... me awake until I became accustomed to them.
5 I'm sure that many people...... seeing Sarah Thomas on television in the 1980s.
6 Whenever I had a problem with my maths homework, Sam...... me.
7 After standing on the bathroom scales, I...... that I needed to lose some weight.
11. In the following text, delete any examples of would that are not acceptable:
When I was young we a) used to/ would live near a river. We b) often used to/ would often go and swim there. It c) used to/ would be very clean in those days. There never d) used to/ would be any factories or houses nearby. Now it’s changed. It’s no longer safe to swim there. But in those days we e) used to/would spend most of the summer there. Sometimes we f) used to/ would take tents and spend the nights there. We g) used to/ would light a fire and cook sausages and things. In those days we h) used to/ would think that nothing would ever change…
12. If necessary, correct these sentences using would or used to. If neither would nor used to is correct, use a past simple verb form.
1 I would enjoy studying Latin when I was at school.
2 Orwell would spend winters in Spain and summers in England.
3 We would live in a bungalow on the south coast, and then we moved to a flat in London.
4 You used to teach at Halston University, didn't you?
5 On Saturdays and Sundays the ferry used to take tourists across to the island.
6 The committee would meet four times last week, but still no decision has been reached.
13. Rewrite these sentences, using be/ get used to doing smth:
Examples:
I didn’t like the food here at first, but now it’s not so bad. → I’m getting used to the food here.
1 1 We found the noise intolerable at first, but now it’s bearable.
2 The humidity was unbearable initially, but now I don’t notice it at all.
3 At first the pace of life was difficult for us. But now it’s not so bad.
4 When he started his job, Derrin hated getting up early, and he still hates it.
5 Going to work on the underground was an awful shock, and I still dislike it.
6 Sharing a room was awkward at first, but it doesn’t seem quite so awkward now.
7 I didn’t like the weather then and I still don’t like it.
Speak about things you didn’t like at first but then got accustomed to.
VOCAB & SPEAKING
1. Try to memorize the following set expressions to speak about habits:
break a habitandbreak the habit; break one's habit
to end a habit. I was not able to break the habit of snoring. It's hard to break a habit that you have had for a long time.
by force of habit
owing to a tendency to do something that has become a habit. After I retired, I kept getting up and getting dressed each morning by force of habit.
kick the habit (informal)
to stop doing something that is difficult to stop doing, especially taking drugs, smoking, or drinking alcohol No coffee for me, thanks. I'm trying to kick the habit. 'Does she still smoke?' 'No, she kicked the habit a couple of years ago.'
make a habit of something
to do something so often that it becomes a habit. You mustn't make a habit of interrupting. I make a habit of counting my change.
Old habits die hard.
Prov. People find it difficult to change their accustomed behavior. Joan retired last year, but she still gets up as early as she used to when she had to go to work. Old habits die hard.
Why break the habit of a lifetime? (British & Australian humorous)
something that you say which means that you do not believe that someone will stop doing something bad that they have done all their lives 'I must stop writing my essays the night before the deadline.' 'Why break the habit of a lifetime?'