CHM 2111

COURSE TITLE: ELEMENTS OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (4 CU)

COURSE CODE:CHM 2111

a. Brief Course Description:

Sampling methods and estimation of errors. Titrimetry and gravimetry. UV-visible and IR spectrometry, gas-chromatography, electrophoresis, and ion exchange analytical methods. Solvent extraction techniques.

b. Course Objectives

At the end of this course students shall be able to:

  • Apply basic chemical principles in analytical chemistry.
  • Judge the accuracy and precision of experimental data.
  • Use a wide range of techniques of modern analytical chemistry.

c. Detailed Course Description

i. Theory

  • Methods of sampling. Accuracy, precision, causes and estimation of errors. (2 hours)
  • Titrimetry. Titrimetric method, acid-base, redox, complexometric,

precipitation (4 hours)

  • Non-aqueous vis-à-vis aqueous titrations (2 hours)
  • Gravimetry – factors affecting solubility of precipitate: excess reagent,

ionic strength, pH and solvent (5 hours)

  • Spectroscopic methods: UV-visible and IR spectrometry; principles and instrumentation. Separation techniques. Gas chromatography principles, instrumentation and applications (10 hours)
  • Eletrophoresis: apparatus and applications. Ion exchange: synthetic ion-exchange materials; mechanism of ion-exchange, selectivity, various applications. Solvent extraction, fundamental principles, practical considerations and applications. (7 hours)

ii. Practicals (60 hours)

Acid-base Titration (4 hours)

  • Standardisation of hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide with sodium carbonate and sulphamic acid respectively.

Application of Neutralisation titrations (16 hours)

  • Determination of sodium carbonate in an impure salt.
  • Determination of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate in a mixture.
  • Determination of carbonate and hydroxide in solution.
  • Analysis of sodium carbonate and bicarbonate in rock salt.
  • Analysis of various types of cement, Hima, Bambuli, Tanga and Tororo Cement.
  • Determination of ammonia in an ammonium salt.
  • Determination of Boric acid.
  • Analysis of pharmaceutical preparations.

Oxidation – Reduction Titrations (8 hours)

  • Standardization of KMNO4 against Arsenic (III) oxide.
  • Determination of iorn(II) and Iron (III) in solution.
  • Determination of total iron in environmental samples.

Argentiometric titrations (8 hours)

  • Standardization of silver nitrate solution.
  • Determination of chloride by the volhard method.
  • Determination of chloride by Fajans method.
  • Analysis of Katwe, Magadi and rock salts.

Iodometric titrations (8 hours)

  • Standardization of thiosulphate solution.
  • Analysis of copper in an ore from Kilembe.
  • Determination of formaldehyde.
  • Determination of ammonia in ammonium salt.
  • Determination of ammonia in urea –fertilizers.

Complexometric titrations (16 hours)

  • Preliminary observation in complex formation
  • Standardization of EDTA.
  • Determination of total hardness in tap water.
  • Determination of calcium and magnesium in the mixture.
  • Determination of Ca and Mg in limestone from W. Uganda.
  • Indirect determination of sulphate.
  • Direct determination of lead.
  • Analysis of Bi-Pb, Cd-Sn in alloys.

d. Mode of Delivery: Lectures, assignments, practicals

Assessment: Tests and assignments (20%), Practicals (20%) Examination (60%)