Rise of Industry: Study Guide
Urbanization and Industrialization
Westinghouse: created airbrakes to stop trains more safely
Carnegie: Built steel mills, bought coal and iron mines. Created US Steel, became one of the richest people in the world. He used money to set up schools and libraries.
Rockefeller: built oil refineries, created Standard Oil Co. Bought other businesses to be more efficient. Had the lowest prices for oil, controlled almost all of the world’s oil industry.
Edison: one of the most important inventors. Made or improved the telegraph system, electric light bulb, telephone. Set up first central power station in NYC to provide electricity
Immigrants and immigration:
European: Before 1890, old immigration mainly came from northern and western Europe: Britain, Germany, Ireland, some from Demark, Norway, Sweden.
After 1890, New Immigration: most immigrants came from southern and eastern Europe: Austria, Hungary, Italy, Greece, Poland, and Russia.
New immigrants: mostly poor, came for better lives and jobs. They settled in cities near other immigrants. Many lived in tenements. Everyone in family had to work, including children. Faced lots of prejudice, including ethnic slurs, denied jobs, entrance to college, physical attacks.
Asian: Chinese immigrants came to California during gold rush. Afterwards found other jobs. Many worked on building railroads or set up businesses. Japanese immigrants mostly found jobs in agriculture on the West coast. Lots of prejudice against Asian immigrants in the West, led to Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882 to keep out Chinese workers. Later, agreed to only allow a few immigrants from Asian countries to come to the USA.
Progressives and Reform
President Teddy Roosevelt
· Vice-President; becomes president when McKinley assassinated
· Square Deal: govt. makes rules for businesses to follow.
· Conservation: created national parks (Grand Canyon, Mesa Verde, Glacier)
Wisconsin
· Merit system: people qualified for jobs got them
· Set rules to help workers: ten-hour workday, child labor laws, worker’s comp
Activists for Women’s and African Americans’ rights
· Jane Addams, Carrie Chapman Catt
· Janie Porter Barrett, W.E.B. DuBois, Booker T. Washington
· NAACP, National Urban League
· National American Woman Suffrage Association, National League of Women Voters (now League of Women Voters)
19th Amendment:
· Gave women the right to vote, ratified in 1920