DNA/RNA/PROTEIN SYNTHESIS – 2016 SOL REVIEW – PART I

Name ______

Letter Answer

1. / REPLICATION
2. / TRANSLATION
3. / NUCLEOTIDE
4. / WATSON & CRICK
5. / FRANKLIN
6. / DOUBLE HELIX
7. / CHARGAFF
8. / rRNA
9. / TRANSCRIPTION
10. / GRIFFITH
11. / tRNA
12. / mRNA
13. / NITROGEN BASE
14. / DNA

A

/ Hereditary information; carries instructions to make proteins
B / Carries the DNA transcribed code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for translation
C / Carries the amino acid to the ribosome during protein synthesis; contains the anticodon
D / What ribosomes are made of; site of protein synthesis, where mRNA is translated to protein
E / The copying of a strand of DNA to pass on information, DNA-DNA
F / Process of copying DNA into mRNA; occurs in the nucleus, DNA - mRNA
G / The subunit of nucleic acids; sugar, phosphate, base
H / Part of a nucleotide; four types = adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine
I / Used x-ray crystallography; found DNA shape to be a double helix
J / Scientist who discovered that traits can be passed between strains of bacteria
K / % Cytosine = % Guanine;
% Adenine = % Thymine
L / Using info from Franklin & Chargaff; discovered the structure of DNA
M / Twisted ladder shape of DNA
N / Process of producing a protein from the mRNA copy of DNA; occurs on ribosome in cytoplasm;
mRNA-protein synthesis

15. In eukaryotic cells, the process indicated by arrow A occurs in the —

F cytoplasm

G ribosome

H nucleus

J cell membrane

16. The diagram shows the normal sequence of genes in a particular chromosome. Which chromosome could have resulted from a deletion that occurred in this chromosome?

17. Gametes must be haploid because —

A gametes are small and can hold only the haploid number of chromosomes

B the gametes’ chromosomes will be replicated prior to cell division

C two gametes will unite during fertilization to create a diploid cell

D fertilization results with a haploid zygote

18. Scientists can use genetic information to identify people because it is unique to each person. Which specific characteristic is unique to an individual?

F The shape of the DNA molecules in cells

G The number of chromosomes in each cell

H The sequence of DNA nucleotides in cells

J The size of each chromosome in a cell

F –TGCTA

G –ACGAT

H –ACGAU

J –UGCUA

20. During meiosis, homologous chromosomes can exchange DNA in a process known as —

F replication

G internal fertilization

H cytokinesis

J crossing over

21. Viruses are made up of either DNA or RNA surrounded by a coating of protein. When the two main substances that make up a virus are broken into smaller fragments, these fragments are —

F fatty acids and amino acids

G amino acids and simple sugars

H amino acids and nucleotides

J fatty acids and glycerol

22. The model of DNA used today was proposed by James Watson and Francis

Crick in 1953. In this model, what sequence of bases would be

complementary to A-G-C-T-A?

F A-G-C-T-A

G C-G-C-A-T

H A-T-C-G-A

J T-C-G-A-T