Last revised 10/12/2018

Revised Key for the DNA and Technology Quiz
(Include a chart of Amino Acids and word bank)

Name ______

Block ______

Complete the definitions (4 pts each)

1. VaccineA substance that is prepared from killing or weakening microorganisms and is reintroduced into the body to protect it from further attacks.

2.TransformationA change in phenotype caused when bacterial cells take up foreign genetic material.

3.NucleotideSubunits of nucleic acids consisting of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group.

4.Base-pairing rulesThe rules stating, that in DNA, adenine on one strand always pairs with a thymine on the opposite strand and guanine on one strand always pairs with a cytosine on the opposite strand.

5.Complementary / base pairing rules / genetic code

Characteristic of nucleic acids in which the sequence of bases on one strand determines the sequence of bases on the other.

6.DNA replication / Cloning / Genetic Engineering

The process of making a copy of DNA.

7.genetic engineeringThe process of manipulating genes for practical purposes accomplished by isolating a gene from the DNA of one organism and transferring it to the DNA of another organism.

8.Recombinant DNADNA made from two or more different organisms.

9.Restriction enzymeA bacterial enzyme that recognizes and binds to specific short segments of DNA, and then cuts the DNA between specific nucleotides within the segment.

10.VectorAn agent that is used to carry the gene of interest into another cell such as a virus, yeast or plasmid.

11.Plasmids. Circular DNA molecules that can replicate independently of the main chromosomes of bacteria.

12.Cloning / DNA Replication

A process that results in the production of genetically identical cells and/or an organism.

13.Genetically

Engineered VaccineA process in which genes that encode for a pathogen’s (disease causing bacteria or virus) surface proteins are inserted into the DNA of a harmless bacteria or virus. The modified harmless bacteria or virus is then injected into a human to protect them from the pathogen.

14.Gene TherapyA technique that involves putting a healthy copy of a gene into the cells of a person whose copy of the gene is defective.

15.DNA Fingerprinting / Southern Blot

A pattern of dark bands that result when an individual’s DNA fragments are separated by gel electrophoresis.

16.Human Genome

ProjectThe process of determining the nucleotide sequence of the entire human genome and to map the location of every gene on each chromosome by the year 2003.

17.GenomeRefers to all of an organism’s DNA.

19.Transgenic AnimalsAnimals that have foreign DNA in their cells.

20.Differentiated cellA cell that has become specialized to become a specific type of cell such as a liver cell.

21.TransformationThe transfer of genetic material from one organism to another; first observed by Griffith.

22.TranslationThe stage of gene expression in which the information in mRNA is used to make a protein.

23.Gene ExpressionThe entire process by which proteins are made based on the information encoded in DNA.

24.Genetic Code / Codon

A sequence of nucleotides that specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein or protein synthesis for example UUU AGU UUA GAG.

25.ProteinOrganic compound made of amino acids.

26. uracilDNA has nucleotides with adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine. What replaces thymine in RNA?

Match each event with one of the following dates: 1866, 1928, 1944, 1949, 1952, and 1953 ( 2 pt each)

28.1866Mendel published the Law of Segregation and the Law of Independent Assortment.

29.1953Watson and Crick proposed the double helix model to describe DNA structure.

30.1949Erwin Chargaff observed the ratio of bases to determine the relationship between amounts of A, T, G and C.

31.1952Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase confirmed that genetic material was composed of DNA not protein.

32.1944Oswald Avery demonstrated that genetic material is composed of DNA.

33. 1928Frederick Griffith discovered transformation in bacteria.

DNA Fingerprinting Questions (4 pts each)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

34. CWhich suspect’s DNA fingerprint most closely matches the DNA in the blood found at the crime scene?

  1. Suspect 1
  2. Suspect 2
  3. Suspect 3
  4. Suspect 4

35. CWhy was the DNA from the victim in the crime included in the DNA fingerprint?

  1. They might have killed themselves
  2. Their identical twin might have killed them.
  3. To differentiate between the victims blood and the killers blood

Multiple Choice. Please fill in the blank with the letter of the best answer. (4 pts each)

36. CAll of the following elements are present in DNA EXCEPT:

  1. carbon/sugar
  2. nitrogen
  3. sulfur
  4. phosphorous

37. CIn trying to determine whether DNA or protein was the genetic material, Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase used which of the following facts?

  1. DNA does not contain sulfur, whereas protein does.
  2. DNA contains phosphorous, but protein does not.
  3. A and B are correct
  4. None of the above are correct

38. AIt became apparent to Watson and Crick after completion of their model that the DNA molecule could carry a vast amount of hereditary information in its

  1. sequence of bases
  2. phosphate-sugar backbones
  3. side groups of nitrogenous bases
  4. different five-carbon sugars

39. Draw a nucleotide and label its three parts in the space below. (6 pts)

Short Answer Questions (6 pts each)

40. What danger is avoided when using genetic engineering techniques to make vaccines as compared to the conventional method used to make the original polo vaccine?

When making traditional vaccines scientist weaken or kill a harmful virus or bacteria and inject it into the body so that the person’s white blood cells will react to the surface proteins of the harmful bacteria or virus and build antibodies against it. The problem is that if the pathogen is not weakened enough or killed the person will get the pathogen they are trying to build immunity against. GE vaccines take the gene for the surface protein of a harmful virus or bacteria and inserted into harmless bacteria. Then they insert of GM harmless bacteria in a person. The white blood cells of the person still react to the surface proteins and build up antibodies but the danger of infecting the person with the harmful pathogen has been side stepped.

Need to tell me how conventional vaccines are made and how GE vaccines are made. Then state why GE vaccines are less dangerous than conventional vaccines.

41. What is the goal of the Human Genome Project? Will the Human Genome Project tell us what the function of each gene is?

1- Determine the nucleotide sequence of the entire human genome

2- Map the location of every gene on each chromosome in humans by the year 2003.

3- HDP will only tell us the location of every gene not the function.

42. In what three ways are RNA and DNA different?

1-RNA is a single strand of nucleotides

DNA is a double strand of nucleotides

2-RNA contains a sugar called ribose

DNA contains a sugar called deoxyribose

3-RNA has nitrogen bases A, G, C and U

DNA has nitrogen bases A, G, C, and T

Bonus Question 1 (3 pts)

Using the genetic code chart, which amino acids does the following mRNA sequence stand for?

AUGCGACGUUCCUACUGA

  1. Methionine
  2. Arginine
  3. Arginine
  4. Serine
  5. Tyrosine
  6. Stop

Bonus Question 2 (3 pts)

Using 6 of your vocabulary words complete the comic on the next page.

Each vocabulary word used generally correctly gets 0.5 pts.

Version A