Disease Unit Review#1
- What are six types of pathogens that cause disease?
- Bacteria
- Rickettsia
- Virus
- Fungi
- Protozoa
- Helminth
- What are five ways that pathogens can be spread?
- Direct contact with infected person (body fluids)
- Inhaling infected air
- Coming into contact with contaminated objects(esp. doorknobs)
- Handling or being bite by an infected animal
- Eating or drinking contaminated food or water.
- What are ten ways to reduce the risk of infection with communicable diseases?
- Wash your hands with soap and water before eating or after blowing your nose or using the restroom
- Avoid being around people who have colds, flu, or other illnesses during the contagious stage.
- Drink water that has been properly treated for drinking
- Follow precautions to prevent food-borne illnesses.
- Stay home from school or work if you have a contagious illness
- Avoid behaviors that put you at risk for spreading infection
- Cover your mouth when coughing and sneezing
- Choose behaviors to keep the immune system healthy
- Thoroughly cook and handle foods correctly before eating them
- Get appropriate vaccines
- How does the immune system respond when a pathogen enters the body?
- When a pathogen enters the body, lymphocytes multiply in lymph tissue to fight infection.
- Two types of lymphocytes are B cells and helper T cells.
- Soon after a pathogen invades the body, helper T cells send signals to B cells to produce antibodies.
- B cells enter the lymph nodes and other lymph tissues. Antibodies then travel through the blood to destroy the pathogen.
- Antibodies can make pathogens ineffective and sensitive to macrophages.
- Antibodies attach to pathogens and make them easier for macrophages to destroy.
- Destroyed pathogens enter lymph, are filtered in lymph nodes, and removed by the spleen.
- How does a person develop active and passive immunity?
a.)Active immunity is resistance to disease due to the presence of antibodies. If a person comes into contact with pathogens for certain diseases, the antibodies for the pathogens remain in the body after the person has recovered and protect him/her from developing the diseases. Active immunity also can result from being given a vaccine. Vaccines cause the body to make antibodies for a specific pathogen.
b.)Passive immunity is immunity that results from introducing antibodies into a person’s bloodstream. The antibodies may be from another person’s blood. An example of passive immunity is the protection babies have for the first few months of life because of the antibodies received before birth from their mothers.