Diocese of Baton Rouge Science Standards: Grade 6 July, 2017 Page 1

MATTERANDITSINTERACTIONS
PerformanceExpectation / Developmodelstodescribetheatomiccompositionofsimplemoleculesandextendedstructures.
ClarificationStatement / Emphasisisondevelopingmodelsofmoleculesthatvaryincomplexity.Examplesofsimplemoleculescouldincludecarbondioxideandwater.Examplesofextendedstructurescouldincludesodiumchlorideordiamonds.Examplesofmolecular-levelmodelscouldincludedrawings,3-Dmodels,orcomputerrepresentationsshowingdifferentmoleculeswithdifferenttypesofatoms.
ScienceEngineeringPractices / DisciplinaryCoreIdeas / CrosscuttingConcepts
1.Askingquestionsanddefiningproblems
2.Developingandusingmodels:Modelingin6–8buildsonK–5andprogressestodeveloping,usingandrevisingmodelstodescribe,test,andpredictmoreabstractphenomenaanddesignsystems.
•Developand/oruseamodeltopredictand/ordescribephenomena.
3.Planningandcarryingoutinvestigations
4.Analyzingandinterpretingdata
5.Usingmathematicsandcomputationalthinking
6.Constructingexplanationsanddesigningsolutions
7.Engaginginargumentfromevidence
8.Obtaining,evaluating,andcommunicatinginformation / STRUCTURE ANDPROPERTIESOFMATTER
Substancesaremadefromdifferenttypesofatoms,whichcombinewithoneanotherinvariousways.
Atomsformmoleculesthatrangeinsizefromtwotothousandsofatoms.(MS.PS1.A.a)
Solidsmaybeformedfrommolecules,ortheymaybeextendedstructureswithrepeatingsubunits(e.g.,crystals).(MS.PS1A.e) / SCALE,PROPORTION,ANDQUANTITY
Time,space,andenergyphenomenacanbeobservedatvariousscalesusingmodelstostudysystemsthataretoolargeortoosmall.

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MOTIONANDSTABILITY:FORCESANDINTERACTIONS
PerformanceExpectation / ApplyNewton’sThirdLawtodesignasolutiontoaprobleminvolvingthemotionoftwocollidingobjects.
ClarificationStatement / Examplesofpracticalproblemscouldincludereducingtheeffectsofimpactoftwoobjectssuchastwocarshittingeachother,anobjecthittingastationaryobject,orameteorhittingaspacecraft.
ScienceEngineeringPractices / DisciplinaryCoreIdeas / CrosscuttingConcepts
1.Askingquestionsanddefiningproblems
2.Developingandusingmodels
3.Planningandcarryingoutinvestigations
4.Analyzingandinterpretingdata
5.Usingmathematicsandcomputationalthinking
6.Constructingexplanationsanddesigningsolutions:Constructingexplanations(science)anddesigningsolutions(engineering)in6–8buildsonK–5experiencesandprogressestoincludedesigningsolutionssupportedbymultiplesourcesofevidenceconsistentwithscientificideas,principles,andtheories.
•Applyscientificideasorprinciplestodesign,construct,and/ortestadesignofanobject,tool,processorsystem.
7.Engaginginargumentfromevidence
8.Obtaining,evaluating,andcommunicatinginformation / FORCESANDMOTION
Foranypairofinteractingobjects,theforceexertedbythefirstobjectonthesecondobjectisequalinstrengthtotheforcethatthesecondobjectexertsonthefirst,butintheoppositedirection(Newton’sthirdlaw).(MS.PS2A.a)
DEVELOPINGPOSSIBLESOLUTIONS
Asolutionneedstobetested,toprovethevalidityofthedesignandthenmodifiedonthebasisofthetestresultsinordertoimproveit.Therearesystematicprocessesforevaluatingsolutionswithrespecttohowwelltheymeetthecriteriaandconstraintsofa
problem.Sometimespartsofdifferentsolutionscanbecombinedtocreateasolutionthatisbetterthananyofitspredecessors.Modelsofallkindsareimportantfortestingsolutions(MS.ETS1B.a) / SYSTEMSANDSYSTEMMODELS
Modelscanbeusedtorepresentsystemsandtheirinteractions—suchasinputs,processesandoutputs—andenergy,matter,andinformationflowswithinsystems.

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MOTIONANDSTABILITY:FORCESANDINTERACTIONS
PerformanceExpectation / Plananinvestigationtoprovideevidencethatthechangeinanobject’smotiondependsonthesumoftheforcesontheobjectandthemassoftheobject.
ClarificationStatement / Emphasisisonbalanced(Newton’sFirstLaw)andunbalancedforcesinasystem,qualitativecomparisonsofforces,massandchangesinmotion(Newton’sSecondLaw)inonedimensiontoagivenframeofreference,orspecificationofunits.
ScienceEngineeringPractices / DisciplinaryCoreIdeas / CrosscuttingConcepts
1.Askingquestionsanddefiningproblems
2.Developingandusingmodels
3.Planningandcarryingoutinvestigations:Planningandcarryingoutinvestigationstoanswerquestions(science)ortestsolutions(engineering)toproblemsin6–8buildsonK–5experiencesandprogressestoincludeinvestigationsthatusemultiplevariablesand
provideevidencetosupportexplanationsorsolutions.
•Plananinvestigationindividuallyandcollaboratively,andinthedesign:identifyindependentand dependentvariablesandcontrols,whattoolsareneededtodothegathering,howmeasurements
willberecorded,andhowmanydataareneededtosupportaclaim.
4.Analyzingandinterpretingdata
5.Usingmathematicsandcomputationalthinking
6.ConstructingexplanationsanddesigningSolutions
7.Engaginginargumentfromevidence
8.Obtaining,evaluating,andcommunicatinginformation / FORCESANDMOTION
Themotionofanobjectisdeterminedbythesumoftheforcesactingonit;ifthetotalforceontheobjectisnotzero,itsmotionwillchange.Thegreaterthemassoftheobject,thegreatertheforceneededtoachievethesamechangeinmotion.Foranygivenobject,alargerforcecausesalargerchangeinmotion(acceleration)(MS.PS2A.b)
Allpositionsofobjectsandthedirectionsofforces
andmotionsmustbedescribedinanarbitrarilychosenreferenceframeandarbitrarilychosenunitsofsize.
Inordertoshareinformationwithotherpeople,thesechoicesmustalsobeshared.(MS.PS2A.c)
Themotionofanobjectisdependentuponthereferenceframeoftheobserver.Thereferenceframemustbesharedwhendiscussingthemotionofanobject.(MS.PS2A.d) / STABILITYANDCHANGE
Explanationsofstabilityandchangeinnaturalordesignedsystemscanbeconstructedbyexaminingthechangesovertimeandforcesatdifferentscales,includingatomicscales.

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MOTIONANDSTABILITY:FORCESANDINTERACTIONS
PerformanceExpectation / Askquestionsaboutdatatodeterminethefactorsthataffectthestrengthofelectricandmagneticforces.
ClarificationStatement / Questionsaboutdatamightrequirequantitativeanswersrelatedtoproportionalreasoningandalgebraicthinking.Examplesofdevicesthatuseelectricandmagneticforcescouldincludeelectromagnets.Examplesofdatacouldincludetheeffectofthenumberofturnsofwireonthestrengthofanelectromagnet,ortheeffectofincreasingthenumberorstrengthofmagnetsonthespeedofanelectricmotor.
ScienceEngineeringPractices / DisciplinaryCoreIdeas / CrosscuttingConcepts
1.Askingquestionsanddefiningproblems:Askingquestions(science)anddefiningproblems(engineering)ingrades6–8buildsfromgradesK–5experiencesandprogressestospecifyingrelationshipsbetweenvariables,andclarifyingargumentsandmakingmodels.
•Askquestionsthatcanbeinvestigatedwithinthescopeoftheclassroom,outdoorenvironment,andmuseumsandotherpublicfacilitieswithavailableresourcesand,whenappropriate,frameahypothesisbasedonobservationsandscientificprinciples.
2.Developingandusingmodels
3.Planningandcarryingoutinvestigations
4.Analyzingandinterpretingdata
5.Usingmathematicsandcomputationalthinking
6.Constructingexplanationsanddesigningsolutions
7.Engaginginargumentfromevidence
8.Obtaining,evaluating,andcommunicatinginformation / TYPESOFINTERACTIONS
Electricandmagnetic(electromagnetic)forcescanbeattractive(oppositecharges)orrepulsive(likecharges),havepolarcharges(northandsouthpoles)andtheirsizesdependonthemagnitudesofthecharges,currents,ormagneticstrengthsinvolvedandonthedistancesbetweentheinteractingobjects.(MS.PS2B.a) / CAUSEANDEFFECT
Causeandeffectrelationshipsmaybeusedtopredictphenomenainnaturalordesignedsystems.

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MOTIONANDSTABILITY:FORCESANDINTERACTIONS
PerformanceExpectation / Constructandpresentargumentsusingevidencetosupporttheclaimthatgravitationalinteractionsareattractiveanddependonthemassesofinteractingobjects.
ClarificationStatement / Examplesofevidenceforargumentscouldincludedatageneratedfromsimulationsordigitaltoolsandchartsdisplayingmass,strengthofinteraction,distancefromtheSun,ororbitalperiodsofobjectswithinthesolarsystem,notnecessarilyincludingNewton’sLawofGravitationorKepler’sLaws.
ScienceEngineeringPractices / DisciplinaryCoreIdeas / CrosscuttingConcepts
1.Askingquestionsanddefiningproblems
2.Developingandusingmodels
3.Planningandcarryingoutinvestigations
4.Analyzingandinterpretingdata
5.Usingmathematicsandcomputationalthinking
6.Constructingexplanationsanddesigningsolutions
7.Engaginginargumentfromevidence:Engaging inargumentfromevidencein6–8buildsfromK–5experiencesandprogressestoconstructinga
convincingargumentthatsupportsorrefutesclaimsforeitherexplanationsorsolutionsaboutthenaturalanddesignedworld(s).
•Construct,use,and/orpresentanoralandwrittenargumentsupportedbyempiricalevidence
andscientificreasoningtosupportorrefuteanexplanationoramodelforaphenomenonorasolutiontoaproblem.
8.Obtaining,evaluating,andcommunicatinginformation / TYPESOFINTERACTIONS
Gravitationalforcesarealwaysattractive.Thereisagravitationalforcebetweenanytwomasses,butitisverysmallexceptwhenoneorbothoftheobjectshavelargemass(e.g.,Earthandthesun).(MS.PS2B.b) / SYSTEMSANDSYSTEMMODELS
Modelscanbeusedtorepresentsystemsandtheirinteractions—suchasinputs,processesandoutputs—andenergy,matter,andinformationflowswithinsystems.

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MOTIONANDSTABILITY:FORCESANDINTERACTIONS
PerformanceExpectation / Conductaninvestigationandevaluatetheexperimentaldesigntoprovideevidencethatfieldsexistbetweenobjectsexertingforcesoneachothereventhoughtheobjectsarenotincontact.
ClarificationStatement / Examplesofthisphenomenoncouldincludetheinteractionsofmagnets,electrically-chargedstripsoftape,orelectrically-chargedpithballs.Examplesofinvestigationscouldincludefirst-handexperiencesorsimulationsdesignedtoprovidequalitativeevidencefortheexistenceoffields.
ScienceEngineeringPractices / DisciplinaryCoreIdeas / CrosscuttingConcepts
1.Askingquestionsanddefiningproblems
2.Developingandusingmodels
3.Planningandcarryingoutinvestigations:Planningandcarryingoutinvestigationstoanswerquestions(science)ortestsolutions(engineering)toproblemsin6–8buildsonK–5experiencesandprogressestoincludeinvestigationsthatusemultiplevariablesand
provideevidencetosupportexplanationsorsolutions.
•Conductaninvestigationandevaluatetheexperimentaldesigntoproducedatatoserveasthebasisforevidencethatcanmeetthegoalsoftheinvestigation.
4.Analyzingandinterpretingdata
5.Usingmathematicsandcomputationalthinking
6.Constructingexplanationsanddesigningsolutions
7.Engaginginargumentfromevidence
8.Obtaining,evaluating,andcommunicatinginformation / TYPESOFINTERACTIONS
Forcesthatactatadistance(electric,magnetic,andgravitational)canbeexplainedbyfieldsthatextendthroughspaceandcanbemappedbytheireffectonatestobject(achargedobject,oraball,respectively).(MS.PS2B.c) / CAUSEANDEFFECT
Causeandeffectrelationshipsmaybeusedtopredictphenomenainnaturalordesignedsystems.

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ENERGY
PerformanceExpectation / Constructandinterpretgraphicaldisplaysofdatatodescribetherelationshipsofkineticenergytothemassofanobjectandtothespeedofanobject.
ClarificationStatement / Emphasisisondescriptiverelationshipsbetweenkineticenergyandmassaswellaskineticenergyandspeed.Examplescouldincluderidingabicycleatdifferentspeeds,rollingdifferentmassesofrocksdownhill,ortheimpactofawiffleballversusatennisball.
ScienceEngineeringPractices / DisciplinaryCoreIdeas / CrosscuttingConcepts
1.Askingquestionsanddefiningproblems
2.Developingandusingmodels
3.Planningandcarryingoutinvestigations
4.Analyzingandinterpretingdata:Analyzingdatain6–8buildsonK–5experiencesandprogressestoextendingquantitativeanalysistoinvestigations,distinguishingbetweencorrelationandcausation,andbasicstatisticaltechniquesofdataanderroranalysis.
•Construct,analyze,and/orinterpretgraphicaldisplaysofdataand/orlargedatasetstoidentifylinearandnonlinearrelationships.
5.Usingmathematicsandcomputationalthinking
6.Constructingexplanationsanddesigningsolutions
7.Engaginginargumentfromevidence
8.Obtaining,evaluating,andcommunicatinginformation / DEFINITIONSOFENERGY
Motionenergyisproperlycalledkineticenergy;itisproportionaltothemassofthemovingobjectandgrowswiththesquareofitsspeed.(MS.PS3A.a) / SCALE,PROPORTION,ANDQUANTITY
Proportionalrelationships(e.g.speedastheratioofdistancetraveledtotimetaken)amongdifferenttypesofquantitiesprovideinformationaboutthemagnitudeofpropertiesandprocesses.

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ENERGY
PerformanceExpectation / Developamodeltodescribethatwhenthearrangementofobjectsinteractingatadistancechanges,differentamountsofpotentialenergyarestoredinthesystem.
ClarificationStatement / Emphasisisonrelativeamountsofpotentialenergy,notoncalculationsofpotentialenergy.Examplesofobjectswithinsystemsinteractingatvaryingdistancescouldinclude:theEarthandeitherarollercoastercartatvaryingpositionsonahillorobjectsatvaryingheightsonshelves,changingthedirection/orientationofamagnet,oraballoonwithstaticelectricalchargebeingbroughtclosertoaclassmate’shair.Examplesofmodelscouldincluderepresentations,diagrams,pictures,orwrittendescriptionsofsystems.
ScienceEngineeringPractices / DisciplinaryCoreIdeas / CrosscuttingConcepts
1. Askingquestionsanddefiningproblems
2.Developingandusingmodels:Modelingin6–8buildsonK–5experiencesandprogressestodeveloping,usingandrevisingmodelstodescribe,test,andpredictmoreabstractphenomenaanddesignsystems.
•Developamodeltodescribeunobservablemechanisms.
3.Planningandcarryingoutinvestigations
4.Analyzingandinterpretingdata
5.Usingmathematicsandcomputationalthinking
6.Constructingexplanationsanddesigningsolutions
7.Engaginginargumentfromevidence
8.Obtaining,evaluating,andcommunicatinginformation / DEFINITIONSOFENERGY
Anobjectorsystemofobjectsmayalsocontainstored(potential)energy,dependingontheirrelativepositions.(MS.PS3A.b)
RELATIONSHIPBETWEENENERGYANDFORCES
Whentwoobjectsinteract,eachoneexertsaforceontheotherthatcancauseenergytobetransferredtoorfromtheobject.(MS.PS3C.a) / SYSTEMSANDSYSTEMMODELS
Modelscanbeusedtorepresentsystemsandtheirinteractions—suchasinputs,processesandoutputs—andenergy,matter,andinformationflowswithinsystems.

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WAVESANDTHEIRAPPLICATIONSINTECHNOLOGIESFORINFORMATIONTRANSFER
PerformanceExpectation / Usemathematicalrepresentationstodescribeasimplemodelforwavesthatincludeshowtheamplitudeofawaveisrelatedtotheenergyinawaveandhowthefrequencyandwavelengthchangetheexpressionofthewave.
ClarificationStatement / Emphasisisondescribingmechanicalwaveswithbothqualitativeandquantitativethinking.
ScienceEngineeringPractices / DisciplinaryCoreIdeas / CrosscuttingConcepts
1.Askingquestions(forscience)anddefiningproblems(forengineering)
2.Developingandusingmodels
3.Planningandcarryingoutinvestigations
4.Analyzingandinterpretingdata
5.Usingmathematicsandcomputationalthinking:Mathematicalandcomputationalthinkingin6–8buildsonK–5experiencesandprogressestoidentifyingpatternsinlargedatasetsandusingmathematicalconceptstosupportexplanationsandarguments.
•Usemathematicalrepresentationstodescribeand/orsupportscientificconclusionsanddesignsolutions.
6.Constructingexplanationsanddesigningsolutions
7.Engaginginargumentfromevidence
8.Obtaining,evaluating,andcommunicatinginformation / WAVEPROPERTIES
Asimplewavehasarepeatingpatternwithaspecificwavelength,frequency,andamplitude.(MS.PS4A.a) / PATTERNS
Graphs,charts,andimagescanbeusedtoidentifypatternsindata.

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WAVESANDTHEIRAPPLICATIONSINTECHNOLOGIESFORINFORMATIONTRANSFER
PerformanceExpectation / Developanduseamodeltodescribethatwavesarerefracted,reflected,absorbed,transmitted,orscatteredthroughvariousmaterials.
ClarificationStatement / Emphasisisonbothlightandmechanicalwavesinteractingwithvariousobjectssuchaslightstrikingamirrororawaterwavestrikingajetty.Examplesofmodelscouldincludedrawings,simulations,orwrittendescriptions.
ScienceEngineeringPractices / DisciplinaryCoreIdeas / CrosscuttingConcepts
1.Askingquestions(forscience)anddefiningproblems(forengineering)
2.Developingandusingmodels:Modelingin6–8buildsonK–5experiencesandprogressestodeveloping,using,andrevisingmodelstodescribe,test,andpredictmoreabstractphenomenaanddesignsystems.
•Developand/oruseamodeltopredictand/ordescribephenomena.
3.Planningandcarryingoutinvestigations
4.Analyzingandinterpretingdata
5.Usingmathematicsandcomputationalthinking
6.Constructingexplanationsanddesigningsolutions
7.Engaginginargumentfromevidence
8.Obtaining,evaluating,andcommunicatinginformation / WAVEPROPERTIES
Asoundwaveneedsamediumthroughwhichitistransmitted.(MS.PS4A.b)
ELECTROMAGNETICRADIATION
Whenlightshinesonanobject,itisreflected,absorbed,transmitted,orscatteredthroughtheobject,dependingontheobject’smaterialandthefrequency(color)ofthelight.(MS.PS4B.a)
Thepaththatlighttravelscanbetracedasstraightlines,exceptatsurfacesbetweendifferenttransparentmaterials(e.g.,airandwater,airandglass)wherethelightpathbends(Refraction).(MS.PS4B.b)
Awavemodeloflightisusefulforexplainingbrightness,color,andthefrequency-dependentbendingoflight
atasurfacebetweenmedia.However,becauselightcantravelthroughavacuum,itcannotbeamechanicalwave,likesoundorwaterwaves.(MS.PS4B.c) / STRUCTUREANDFUNCTION
Structurescanbedesignedtoserveparticularfunctionsbytakingintoaccountpropertiesofdifferentmaterials,andhowmaterialscanbeshapedandused.

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EARTH’SPLACEINTHEUNIVERSE
PerformanceExpectation / DevelopanduseamodeloftheEarth-sun-moonsystemtodescribethereoccurringpatternsoflunarphases,eclipsesofthesunandmoon,andseasons.
ClarificationStatement / Earth’srotationrelativetothepositionsofthemoonandsundescribestheoccurrenceoftides;therevolutionofEartharoundthesunexplainstheannualcycleoftheapparentmovementoftheconstellationsinthenightsky;themoon’srevolutionaroundEarthexplainsthecycleofspring/neaptidesandtheoccurrenceofeclipses;themoon’sellipticalorbitmostlyexplainstheoccurrenceoftotalandannulareclipses.Examplesofmodelscanbephysical,graphical,orconceptual.
ScienceEngineeringPractices / DisciplinaryCoreIdeas / CrosscuttingConcepts
1.Askingquestionsanddefiningproblems
2.Developingandusingmodels:Modelingin6–8buildsonK–5experiencesandprogressestodeveloping,using,andrevisingmodelstodescribe,test,andpredictmoreabstractphenomenaanddesignsystems.
•Developanduseamodeltodescribephenomena
3.Planningandcarryingoutinvestigations
4.Analyzingandinterpretingdata
5.Usingmathematicsandcomputationalthinking
6.Constructingexplanationsanddesigningsolutions
7.Engaginginargumentfromevidence
8.Obtaining,evaluating,andcommunicatinginformation / THEUNIVERSEANDITSSTARS
Patternsoftheapparentmotionofthesun,themoon,andstarsintheskycanbeobserved,described,predicted,andexplainedwithmodels.(MS.ESS1A.a)
EARTHANDTHESOLARSYSTEM
ThismodelofthesolarsystemcanexplaineclipsesoftheSunandtheMoon.Earth’sspinaxisisfixedindirectionovertheshorttermbuttiltedrelativeto
itsorbitaroundtheSun.TheseasonsarearesultofthattiltandarecausedbythedifferentialintensityofsunlightondifferentareasofEarthacrosstheyear.(MS.ESS1B.b) / PATTERNS
Patternscanbeusedtoidentifycauseandeffectrelationships.

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EARTH’SPLACEINTHEUNIVERSE
PerformanceExpectation / Useamodeltodescribetheroleofgravityinthemotionswithingalaxiesandthesolarsystem.
ClarificationStatement / EmphasisforthemodelisongravityastheforcethatholdstogetherthesolarsystemandMilkyWaygalaxyandcontrolsorbitalmotionswithinthem.Examplesofmodelscanbephysical(suchastheanalogyofdistancealongafootballfieldorcomputervisualizationsofellipticalorbits)orconceptual(suchasmathematicalproportionsrelativetothesizeoffamiliarobjectssuchastheirschoolorstate).
ScienceEngineeringPractices / DisciplinaryCoreIdeas / CrosscuttingConcepts
1.Askingquestionsanddefiningproblems
2.Developingandusingmodels:Modelingin6–8buildsonK–5experiencesandprogressestodeveloping,using,andrevisingmodelstodescribe,test,andpredictmoreabstractphenomenaanddesignsystems.
•Developand/oruseamodeltopredictand/ordescribephenomena.
3.Planningandcarryingoutinvestigations
4.Analyzingandinterpretingdata
5.Usingmathematicsandcomputationalthinking
6.Constructingexplanationsanddesigningsolutions
7.Engaginginargumentfromevidence
8.Obtaining,evaluating,andcommunicatinginformation / THEUNIVERSEANDITSSTARS
EarthanditssolarsystemarepartoftheMilkyWaygalaxy,whichisoneofmanygalaxiesintheuniverse.(MS.ESS1A.b)
EARTHANDTHESOLARSYSTEM
Thesolarsystemconsistsofthesunandacollectionofobjects,includingplanets,theirnaturalsatellite(s)(moons),andasteroidsthatareheldinorbitaroundthesunbyitsgravitationalpullonthem.(MS.ESS1B.a)
Thesolarsystemappearstohaveformedfromadiskofdustandgas,drawntogetherbygravity.(MS.ESS1B.c) / SYSTEMSAND MODELS
Models(e.g.,physical,mathematical,computermodels)canbeusedtorepresentsystemsandtheir
interactions—suchasinputs,processesandoutputs—andenergy,matter,andinformationflowswithinsystems.

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EARTH’SPLACEINTHEUNIVERSE
PerformanceExpectation / Analyzeandinterpretdatatodeterminescalepropertiesofobjectsinthesolarsystem.
ClarificationStatement / EmphasisisontheanalysisofdatafromEarth-basedinstruments,space-basedtelescopes,andspacecrafttodeterminesimilaritiesanddifferencesamongsolarsystemobjects.Examplesofscalepropertiesincludethesizesofanobject’slayers(suchascrustandatmosphere),atmosphericcomposition,surfacefeatures(suchasvolcanoes),andorbitalradius.Examplesofdataincludestatisticalinformation,drawingsandphotographs,andmodels.
ScienceEngineeringPractices / DisciplinaryCoreIdeas / CrosscuttingConcepts
1.Askingquestionsanddefiningproblems
2.Developingandusingmodels
3.Planningandcarryingoutinvestigations
4. Analyzingandinterpretingdata:Analyzingdata in6-8buildsonK-5experiencesandprogressestoextendingquantitativeanalysistoinvestigations,
distinguishingbetweencorrelationandcausation,andbasicstatisticaltechniquesofdataanderroranalysis.
•Analyzeandinterpretdatatodeterminesimilaritiesanddifferencesinfindings.
5.Usingmathematicsandcomputationalthinking
6.Constructingexplanationsanddesigningsolutions
7.Engaginginargumentfromevidence
8.Obtaining,evaluating,andcommunicatinginformation / EARTHANDTHESOLARSYSTEM
Thesolarsystemconsistsofthesunandacollectionofobjects,includingplanets,theirnaturalsatellite(s)(moons),comets,andasteroidsthatareheldinorbitaroundthesunbyitsgravitationalpullonthem.(MS.ESS1B.a) / SCALE,PROPORTION,ANDQUANTITY
Time,space,andenergyphenomenacanbeobservedatvariousscalesusingmodelstostudysystemsthataretoolargeortoosmall.

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EARTHANDHUMANACTIVITY
PerformanceExpectation / Constructanargumentsupportedbyevidenceforhowincreasesinhumanpopulationandper-capitaconsumptionofnaturalresourcesimpactEarth’ssystems.
ClarificationStatement / Examplesofevidenceincludegrade-appropriatedatabasesonhumanpopulationsandtheratesofconsumptionoffoodandnaturalresources(suchasfreshwater,mineral,andenergy).Examplesofimpactscanincludechangestotheappearance,composition,andstructureofEarth’ssystemsaswellastheratesatwhichtheychange.The
consequencesofincreasesinhumanpopulationsandconsumptionofnaturalresourcesaredescribedbyscience,butsciencedoesnotmakethedecisions.
ScienceEngineeringPractices / DisciplinaryCoreIdeas / CrosscuttingConcepts
1.Askingquestionsanddefiningproblems
2.Developingandusingmodels
3.Planningandcarryingoutinvestigations
4.Analyzingandinterpretingdata
5.Usingmathematicsandcomputationalthinking
6.Constructingexplanationsanddesigningsolutions
7.Engaginginargumentfromevidence:Engaginginargumentfromevidencein6-8buildsonK-5experiencesandprogressestoconstructinga
convincingargumentthatsupportsorrefutesclaimsforeitherexplanationsorsolutionsaboutthenaturalanddesignedworld(s).
•Construct,use,and/orpresentanoralandwrittenargumentsupportedbyempiricalevidence
andscientificreasoningtosupportorrefuteanexplanationoramodelforaphenomenonorasolutiontoaproblem.
8.Obtaining,evaluating,andcommunicatinginformation / HUMANIMPACTSONEARTHSYSTEMS
Typicallyashumanpopulationsandper-capitaconsumptionofnaturalresourcesincrease,sodothenegativeimpactsonEarthunlesstheactivitiesandtechnologiesinvolvedareengineeredotherwise.(MS.ESS3C.b)
BIOGEOLOGY
LivingorganismsinteractwithEarthmaterialsresultinginchangesoftheEarth.(MS.ESS2E.a)
RESOURCEMANAGEMENTFORLOUISIANA
ResponsiblemanagementofLouisiana’snaturalresourcespromoteseconomicgrowth,ahealthyenvironment,andvibrantproductiveecosystems.(MS.EVS1B.a) / CAUSEANDEFFECT
Causeandeffectrelationshipsmaybeusedtopredictphenomenainnaturalordesignedsystems.

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FROMMOLECULESTOORGANISMS:STRUCTURESAND PROCESSES
PerformanceExpectation / Conductaninvestigationtoprovideevidencethatlivingthingsaremadeofcells,eitheroneormanydifferentnumbersandtypes.
ClarificationStatement / Emphasisisondevelopingevidencethatlivingthingsaremadeofcells,distinguishingbetweenlivingandnonlivingthings,andunderstandingthatlivingthingsmaybemadeofoneormanycells,includingspecializedcells.
Examplescouldincludeanimalcells(blood,muscle,skin,nerve,bone,orreproductive)orplantcells(root,leaf,orreproductive).
ScienceEngineeringPractices / DisciplinaryCoreIdeas / CrosscuttingConcepts
1.Askingquestionsanddefiningproblems
2.Developingandusingmodels
3.Planningandcarryingoutinvestigations:Planningandcarryingoutinvestigationstoanswerquestions(science)ortestsolutions(engineering)toproblemsin6-8buildsonK-5experiencesandprogressestoincludeinvestigationsthatusemultiplevariablesand
provideevidencetosupportexplanationsorsolutions.
•Conductaninvestigationand/orevaluateand/orrevisetheexperimentaldesigntoproducedatatoserveasthebasisforevidencethatmeetthegoalsoftheinvestigation.
4.Analyzingandinterpretingdata
5.Usingmathematicsandcomputationalthinking
6.Constructingexplanationsanddesigningsolutions
7.Engaginginargumentfromevidence
8.Obtaining,evaluating,andcommunicatinginformation / STRUCTUREANDFUNCTION
Alllivingthingsaremadeupofcells,whicharethesmallestlivingunit.Anorganismmayconsistofonesinglecell(unicellular)ormanydifferentnumbersandtypesofcells(multicellular).(MS.LS1A.a) / SCALE,PROPORTION,ANDQUANTITY
Phenomenathatcanbeobservedatonescalemaynotbeobservableatanotherscale.

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FROMMOLECULESTOORGANISMS:STRUCTURESAND PROCESSES
PerformanceExpectation / Developanduseamodeltodescribethefunctionofacellasawholeandwayspartsofcellscontributetothefunction.
ClarificationStatement / Emphasisisonthecellfunctioningasawholesystemandtheprimaryroleofidentifiedpartsofthecell,suchasthenucleus,chloroplasts,mitochondria,cellmembrane,orcellwall.
ScienceEngineeringPractices / DisciplinaryCoreIdeas / CrosscuttingConcepts
1.Askingquestionsanddefiningproblems
2.Developingandusingmodels:Modelingin6-8buildsonK-5experiencesandprogressestodeveloping,using,andrevisingmodelstodescribe,test,andpredictmoreabstractphenomenaanddesignsystems.
•Developand/oruseamodeltopredictand/ordescribephenomena.
3.Planningandcarryingoutinvestigations
4.Analyzingandinterpretingdata
5.Usingmathematicsandcomputationalthinking
6.Constructingexplanationsanddesigningsolutions
7.Engaginginargumentfromevidence
8.Obtaining,evaluating,andcommunicatinginformation / STRUCTUREANDFUNCTION
Withincells,specialstructures(organelles)areresponsibleforparticularfunctions.Thecellmembraneformstheboundarythatcontrolsthematerial(s)
thatenterandleavethecellsinordertomaintainhomeostasis.(MS.LS1A.b) / STRUCTUREANDFUNCTION
Complexandmicroscopicstructuresandsystemscanbevisualized,modeled,andusedtodescribehowtheirfunctiondependsontheshapes,composition,andrelationshipsamongitsparts;therefore,complexnaturalanddesignedstructures/systemscanbeanalyzedtodeterminehowtheyfunction.

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ECOSYSTEMS:INTERACTIONS,ENERGY,ANDDYNAMICS
PerformanceExpectation / Analyzeandinterpretdatatoprovideevidencefortheeffectsofresourceavailabilityonorganismsandpopulationsoforganismsinanecosystem.
ClarificationStatement / Emphasisisoncauseandeffectrelationshipsbetweenresourcesandgrowthofindividualorganismsandthenumbersoforganismsinecosystemsduringperiodsofabundantorscarceresources.
ScienceEngineeringPractices / DisciplinaryCoreIdeas / CrosscuttingConcepts
1.Askingquestionsanddefiningproblems
2.Developingandusingmodels
3.Planningandcarryingoutinvestigations
4. Analyzingandinterpretingdata:Analyzingdata in6-8buildsonK-5experiencesandprogressestoextendingquantitativeanalysistoinvestigations,
distinguishingbetweencorrelationandcausation,andbasicstatisticaltechniquesofdataanderroranalysis.
•Analyzeandinterpretdatatoprovideevidenceforphenomena.
5.Usingmathematicsandcomputationalthinking
6.Constructingexplanationsanddesigningsolutions
7.Engaginginargumentfromevidence
8.Obtaining,evaluating,andcommunicatinginformation / INTERDEPENDENTRELATIONSHIPSINECOSYSTEMS
Organisms,andpopulationsoforganisms,aredependentontheirenvironmentalinteractionsbothwithotherlivingthingsandwithnonlivingfactors.(MS.LS2A.a)
Inanyecosystem,organismsandpopulationswithsimilarrequirementsforfood,water,oxygen,orotherresourcesmaycompetewitheachotherforlimitedresources,accesstowhichconsequentlyconstrainstheirgrowthandreproduction.(MS.LS2A.b)
Growthoforganismsandpopulationincreasesarelimitedbyaccesstoresources.(MS.LS2A.c) / CAUSEANDEFFECT
Causeandeffectrelationshipsmaybeusedtopredictphenomenainnaturalordesignedsystems.

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ECOSYSTEMS:INTERACTIONS,ENERGY,ANDDYNAMICS
PerformanceExpectation / Constructanexplanationthatpredictspatternsofinteractionsamongorganismsacrossmultipleecosystems.
ClarificationStatement / Emphasisison(1)predictingconsistentpatternsofinteractionsindifferentecosystemsand(2)relationshipsamongandbetweenbioticandabioticcomponentsofecosystems.Examplesoftypesofinteractionscouldincludecompetitive,predatory,mutuallybeneficial,orothersymbioticrelationships.
ScienceEngineeringPractices / DisciplinaryCoreIdeas / CrosscuttingConcepts
1.Askingquestionsanddefiningproblems
2.Developingandusingmodels
3.Planningandcarryingoutinvestigations
4.Analyzingandinterpretingdata
5.Usingmathematicsandcomputationalthinking
6.Constructingexplanationsanddesigningsolutions:Constructingexplanations(science)anddesigningsolutions(engineering)in6–8buildsonK–5experiencesandprogressestoincludeconstructingexplanationsanddesigningsolutionssupported
bymultiplesourcesofevidenceconsistentwithscientificideas,principles,andtheories.
•Constructanexplanationthatincludesqualitativeorquantitativerelationshipsbetweenvariablesthatpredict(s)and/ordescribe(s)phenomena.
7.Engaginginargumentfromevidence
8.Obtaining,evaluating,andcommunicatinginformation / INTERDEPENDENTRELATIONSHIPSINECOSYSTEMS
Predatoryinteractionsmayreducethenumberoforganismsoreliminatewholepopulationsoforganisms.Mutuallybeneficialinteractions,incontrast,maybecomesointerdependentthateachorganismrequirestheotherforsurvival.Althoughthespeciesinvolvedinthesecompetitive,predatory,andmutuallybeneficialinteractionsvaryacrossecosystems,thepatternsofinteractionsoforganismswiththeirenvironments,bothlivingandnonliving,areshared.(MS.LS2A.d) / PATTERNS
Patternscanbeusedtoidentifycauseandeffectrelationships.

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ECOSYSTEMS:INTERACTIONS,ENERGY,ANDDYNAMICS
PerformanceExpectation / Developamodeltodescribethecyclingofmatterandflowofenergyamonglivingandnonlivingpartsofanecosystem.
ClarificationStatement / Emphasisisondescribingtheconservationofmatterandflowofenergyintoandoutofvariousecosystems,andondefiningtheboundariesofthesystem.
ScienceEngineeringPractices / DisciplinaryCoreIdeas / CrosscuttingConcepts
1.Askingquestionsanddefiningproblems
2.Developingandusingmodels:Modelingin6-8buildsonK-5experiencesandprogressestodeveloping,using,andrevisingmodelstodescribe,test,andpredictmoreabstractphenomenaanddesignsystems.
•Developand/oruseamodeltopredictand/ordescribephenomena.
3.Planningandcarryingoutinvestigations
4.Analyzingandinterpretingdata
5.Usingmathematicsandcomputationalthinking
6.Constructingexplanationsanddesigningsolutions
7.Engaginginargumentfromevidence
8.Obtaining,evaluating,andcommunicatinginformation / CYCLEOFMATTERANDENERGYTRANSFERINECOSYSTEMS
Foodwebsaremodelsthatdemonstratehowmatterandenergyistransferredbetweenproducers,consumers,anddecomposersasthethreegroupsinteractwithinanecosystem.(MS.LS2B.a)
Transfersofmatterintoandoutofthephysicalenvironmentoccurateverylevel.(MS.LS2B.b)
Decomposersrecyclenutrientsfromdeadplantoranimalmatterbacktothesoilinterrestrial
environmentsortothewaterinaquaticenvironments.(MS.LS2B.c)
Theatomsthatmakeuptheorganismsinanecosystemarecycledrepeatedlybetweenthelivingandnonlivingpartsoftheecosystem.Geochemicalcyclesincludecarbon,nitrogen,andthewatercycle.(MS.LS2B.d) / ENERGYANDMATTER
Thetransferofenergycanbetrackedasenergyflowsthroughadesignedornaturalsystem.

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