DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. ORGANS OF THE ORAL CAVITY.

LIPS. TONGUE. PALATINES. GINGIVA.

Checking your primary level of the knowledge:

  1. Digestive system compounds
  2. Components of the oral cavity.
  3. The lip structure.
  4. The hard and soft palate structure.
  5. The tongue - general plan of structure.
  6. Peculiarities of the papillae of the tongue.
  7. The gingiva structure.
  8. General plan of the gastrointestinal tract organization.
  9. Alimentary canal mucosa structure.
  10. Alimentary canal submucosa structure.
  11. Muscularis externa of the gastrointestinal tract.
  12. Serosa and adventitia of the gastrointestinal tract.

PRACTICAL QUESTIONS

  1. Identify the type of papillae in this picture:

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  1. Give them short characteristic

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  1. Identify the type of papillae in the picture below

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  1. Give them short characteristic

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  1. What type of papillae are number 3?

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  1. Give them short characteristic

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  1. Identify the type of papillae in the picture below:

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  1. Give them short characteristic

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  1. What is the difference between hard and soft palatine?

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  1. Why transitional zone of the lip is red?

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  1. In what layers of alimentary canal wall are glands located?

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SLIDE 1

Filiform papillae of the tongue.

Stained with hematoxylin and eosin .

SLIDE’S DESIGNATIONS

  1. Stratified squamous epithelium
  2. Lamina propria of the mucosa
  3. Tongue’s muscles
  4. Blood vessels

SLIDE 2

Foliate papillae of the tongue.

Stained with hematoxylin and eosin.

SLIDE’S DESIGNATIONS

  1. Stratified squamous epithelium
  2. Lamina propria of the mucosa
  3. Tongue’s muscles
  4. Serous glands
  5. Excretory ducts of tongue’s glands
  6. Mucous glands
  7. Taste buds

SLIDE 3

Palatine tonsil.

Stained with hematoxylin and eosin.

SLIDE’S DESIGNATIONS

  1. Mucosa

a)Stratified squamous epithelium

b)Lamina propria of the mucosa

c)Mucous glands

  1. Tonsils’ crypt
  2. Lymphatic nodules
  3. Lymphocytes in the crypt.

TESTS OF THE “KROK-1” DATABASE. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. ORAL CAVITY.

LIPS. TONGUE. PALATINES. GINGIVA.

1

A 30-year-old patient consulted a doctor with complaints about fever up to 38 C, weakness, sore throat. Objectively: there is white coating on the tongue. What histological structure of the tongue is involved in the formation of this coating?

A.Epithelium of the filiform papillae

B.Epithelium of the foliate papillae

C.Epithelium of the fungiform papillae

D.Epithelium of the circumvallate papillae

Е. Connective tissue base of all the lingual papillae

A 22-year-old female student consulted a physician about fever up to 38oC, weakness, sore throat. Objectively: there is white coating on the tongue. What histological structures of the tongue are involved in the formation of this coating?

A *Epithelium of the filiform papillae

B Epithelium of the foliate papillae

C Epithelium of the fungiform papillae

D Epithelium of the circumvallate papillae

E Connective-tissue base of all the lingual papillae

Changes in the uvula and soft palatine were detected during patient examination for diphtheria. What epithelium was damaged?

A. *Stratified squamous

B. Pseudostratified

C. Simple squamous

D. Simple columnar

E. Cuboidal

Crypts of the tonsil, the epithelium of which is infiltrated by leukocytes are identified in histological specimen. What kind of the epithelium does this organ cover?

A. *Stratified squamous nonkeratinized

B. Simple columnar

C. Stratified cuboidal

D. Stratified squamous keratinized

E. Ciliated

In order to speed up healing in the wound of oral mucosa a patient was prescribed a drug. It is thermally stable protein which occurs in tears, saliva, and mothers’ milk as well as in a new-laid hen’s egg. It is known that this protein is a factor of natural resistance of an organism. How is this protein called?

A *Lysozyme

B Complement

C Interferon

D Interleukin

E Imanine

While examining the oral cavity a dentist revealed inflammation of papillae on the border of the median and posterior third of the back of the tongue. What papillae are inflamed?

A *Papillae circumvallate

B Papillae fungiform

C Papillae foliate

D Papillae filiforme

E Papillae conicae

The reason of occurrence of some diseases of an oral cavity is connected with structural peculiarities of its mucous membrane. What morphological attributes characterize these features?

A *No muscularis mucosa, stratified squamous epithelium

B Transitional epithelium, no submucosa

C Simple columnar ciliated epithelium

D Well developed muscularis, no submucosa

E Transitional epithelium, no muscularis mucosa

Phenomenon of “coated tongue” was revealed in the patient with chronic gastritis during external examination. This phenomenon is caused by cornification process. In what papillae of the tongue does epithelium keratinize?

A. Filiform papillae

B. Fungiform papillae

C. Circumvallate papillae

D. Foliate papillae

E. -

It can be seen the anterior surface is lined with stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium, and the posterior one – with pseudostratified ciliary epithelium in a histological specimen of an oral cavity organ. What organ is this?

A. Soft palate

B. Gum (gingiva)

C. Hard palate

D. Lip

E. Cheek

Chemical burn of the tongue dorsal surface happened in a 15-year-old girl. What epithelium was damaged?

A. Stratified keratinized

B. Simple low cuboidal

C. Pseudostratified villous

D. Transitional

E. Simple squamous

One of the organs of the oral cavity consists of several folds of the mucosa, in the lamina propria of which there are numerous lymphoid follicles. What is this organ?

A. *Palatine tonsil

B. Tongue

C. Parotid gland

D. Sublingual gland

E. Submandibular gland

The child has damaged a lateral surface of the tongue. Which papillae of the tongue are probably damaged?

A. *Foliate papillae

B. Conical papillae

C. Circumvallate papillae

D. Filiform papillae

E. Fungiform papillae

The student remembered that the epithelium of the oral cavity mucosa is stratified squamous nonkeratinized. In a histological specimen of cheeks he saw that on both sides of them epithelium are keratinized. What should a student remember?

A. *The intermediate zone of buccal mucosa may be keratinized

B. The maxillary zone of buccal mucosa may be keratinized

C. The cheek area near the excretory duct of the parotid gland may be keratinized

D. The entire epithelium of the cheek mucosa may be keratinized

Е. -

The cause of some diseases of the oral cavity is connected with structural features of the mucous membrane. What are the morphological traits which characterize these features?

  1. *The absence in some places of the submucosa and muscularis mucosa
  2. Mucous membrane is covered with transitional epithelium, the submucosa is absent
  3. Mucous membrane is covered with simple columnar ciliated epithelium
  4. Well-developed muscularis mucosa, submucosa is absent
  5. Mucous membrane is covered with transitional epithelium, muscularis mucosa is absent

An employee of the chemical laboratory burned the right edge of the tongue due to the careless handing with acids. What papillae of the tongue are probably damaged?

  1. *Foliate
  2. Conical
  3. Circumvallate
  4. Filiform
  5. Fungiform

The dentist instructed the intern to examine the patient areas of the oral cavity mucosa which may be keratinized. Where are these areas?

A. *On the hard palate, free edges of gums and along the intermediate part of the cheek

B. On the hard palate, tongue, gums

C. On the cheeks, lower lip, back of the tongue

D. On the hard palate and diaphragm of the oral cavity

E. On the tongue, gingival papilla, tonsils

Numerous excretory ducts of the minor salivary gland, the topography and location of which are not typical for glands open on the tongue surface. Specify the location of the salivary glands of the tongue.

  1. *Muscularis externa
  2. Mucous membrane
  3. Submucosa
  4. Epithelium of the upper surface of the tongue
  5. Epithelium of the lower surface of the tongue

What are the structural features of the mucosa of the hard palate?

  1. *Tightly adherent to the periosteum
  2. Covered with transitional epithelium
  3. Well developed muscularis mucosa
  4. Well developed submucosa
  5. Covered with ciliated columnar epithelium

What are the main structural features of the mucosa of gums?

  1. *Tightly adherent to the periosteum
  2. Accommodates many small salivary glands
  3. Located on the submucosa
  4. Lamina propria and muscularis mucosa are absent
  5. Covered with transitional epithelium, submucosa is absent

1

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. ORGANS OF THE ORAL CAVITY. TEETH AND SUPPORTING TISSUES.

Checking your primary level of the knowledge:

  1. General knowledge of the teeth.
  2. General plan of enamel structure.
  3. Notion of the incremental lines.
  4. Enamel formation (amelogenesis)
  5. General notion of the cementum
  6. Physical properties of the cementum
  7. Difference between acellular and cellular cementum
  8. Attachment of the periodontal ligament fibres to cementum
  9. General notion of the dentin
  10. Physical and chemical properties of the dentin
  11. Structure of the dentin.
  12. Types of the dentin
  13. Dental pulp and pulp cavity general knowledge.
  14. Alveolar process and alveolar bone.
  15. Periodontal ligament structure.

PRACTICAL QUESTIONS

  1. In this picture identify the structure labeled 1.

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  1. Identify the structure labeled 2.

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  1. Identify the structure labeled 3.

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  1. Identify the structure labeled 4.

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  1. Identify the structure labeled 5.

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  1. Identify the structure labeled 6 in the above picture.

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  1. Identify the structure labeled 7 in the above picture.

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  1. In this picture identify the structure labeled 1.

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  1. Identify the structure labeled 2.

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  1. Identify the structure labeled 3.

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  1. Identify the structure labeled 4.

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  1. Identify the structure labeled 5.

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  1. Identify the structure labeled 6.

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  1. Identify the structure labeled 7.

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  1. What is the difference between cellular and acellular cementum?

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  1. What types of the pulp do you know? Give them short characteristic.

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  1. What is the difference between predentin and dentin?

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  1. What functions of the periodontal ligament do you know?

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  1. Describe the structure of the structural and functional unit of the enamel.

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SLIDE 1

Tooth development during enamel organ formation

Stained with hematoxylin and eosin.

SLIDE’S DESIGNATIONS

  1. Oral epithelium
  2. Dental lamina
  3. Pulp of the enamel organ
  4. Inner enamel epithelium
  5. Outer enamel epithelium
  6. Odontoblastic layer
  7. Dental papilla
  8. Corner of the enamel organ
  9. Wall of the bone alveola

SLIDE 2

Tooth development during histogenesis

Stained with hematoxylin and eosin.

SLIDE’S DESIGNATIONS

  1. Ameloblasts
  2. Enamel
  3. Oral epithelium
  4. Dentin
  5. Odontoblasts
  6. Stellate reticulum
  7. Dental papilla

TESTS OF THE “KROK-1” DATABASE. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. ORGANS OF THE ORAL CAVITY. TEETH AND SUPPORTING TISSUES.

1

What is the structural component of the tooth that provides the trophism of dentine?

  1. *Pulp
  2. Periodontum
  3. Enamel
  4. Cellular cementum
  5. Acellular cementum

Dark areas of the dentin were foundon the section of the extracted tooth. Which process formed these sites?

  1. *Destruction of dentinoblasts
  2. Proliferation of dentinoblasts
  3. Hypertrophy of dentinoblasts
  4. Atrophy of dentinoblasts
  5. Proliferation of fibroblasts

Radial light bands were found in the dentin on the tooth section of elderly person. Such sites in the dentin are called:

  1. *Transparent dentin
  2. “Dead ways”
  3. Secondary dentin
  4. Tertiary dentin
  5. Irregular dentin

The dentin tubules are visible on the section of tooth crown. What is contained in these tubules?

  1. *Processes of dentinoblasts
  2. Processes of enameloblasts
  3. Bodies of dentinoblasts
  4. Fibroblasts
  5. Elastic fibers

Dental caries is characterized by a decalcification of the enamel. What is the sequence of the process of decalcification?

  1. *Shell of enamel rods, interred enamel, enamel rods
  2. Enamel rods, interred substance, shell of enamel rods
  3. Interrod substance, enamel rods, shell of enamel rods
  4. Enamel rods, interrod substance
  5. Interrod substance, enamel rods

The cuboidal shape cells with well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum are determined in a histological specimen in the area of the tooth root on the outer surface of the dentine. What tissue do they form?

  1. *Cementum
  2. Dentin
  3. Enamel
  4. Loose connective tissue
  5. Dense connective tissue

There is adding of calcium into enamel after the eruption of the tooth. What stage of enamel formation has these characteristics?

  1. *Tertiary mineralization
  2. Secondary mineralization
  3. Secretion stage
  4. Primary mineralization
  5. Maturation

The interprismatic enamel is represented in a histological specimen. What cells form it?

  1. *Secretory active ameloblasts
  2. Secondary ameloblasts
  3. Preodontoblasts
  4. Primary ameloblasts
  5. Secretory active odontoblasts

The germ of the tooth is presented in the histological specimen of the embryo oral cavity. Specify from what elements it consists of?

  1. *Enamel organ, dental papilla, dental follicle
  2. Enamel organ and dental papilla
  3. Dental papilla and dental follicle
  4. Enamel organ and dental follicle
  5. Enamel organ

Linear striation in the form of concentric circles, which are directed at the angle to dentinoenamel junction, was found during histological examination of enamel cross-section during histological examination of enamel cross-section. Name these structures.

  1. *Contour lines of Retzius
  2. Hunter-Schreger bands
  3. Enamel lamellae
  4. Enamel tufts
  5. Enamel spindles

In the process of development of the tooth in the periodontum are stored the remains of the embryonic Hertwig’s root sheath that are called epithelial cells rests of Malassez. They can be a source of development of cysts or tumors in the tooth root region. What cells formed Hertwig’s root sheath?

A*Cells of enamel organ

BMesenchyma cells

CCells of the pulp

DOdontoblasts

ECementoblasts

1

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. ORGANS OF THE ORAL CAVITY. SALIVARY GLANDS.

Checking your primary level of the knowledge:

  1. Development of the salivary gland.
  2. Types of the salivary glands.
  3. General plan of the salivary glands acini structure.
  4. Description of the protein-secreting serous cells.
  5. Description of the mucin-secreting mucous cells.
  6. Description of the myoepithelial cells
  7. Salivary ducts types.
  8. Description of the intercalated ducts.
  9. Description of the striated (intralobular) ducts.
  10. Description of the excretory ducts
  11. Parotid gland structure
  12. Submandibular gland structure
  13. Sublingual gland structure

PRACTICAL QUESTIONS

  1. Fill in the white gaps with designations in the picture below.

  1. In this picture identify the structure labeled 1.

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  1. Identify the structure labeled 2.

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  1. Identify the structure labeled 3.

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  1. Identify the structure labeled 4.

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  1. Identify the structure labeled 5.

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  1. Give the description of the serous demilunes. What salivary glands have them?

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  1. Where in the oral cavity doexcretory ducts of the parotid glandsopen?

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  1. Where in the oral cavity do excretory ducts of the sublingual glands open?

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  1. Where in the oral cavity do excretory ducts of the submandibular glands open?

______

SLIDE 1

Parotid gland

Stained with hematoxylin and eosin.

SLIDE’S DESIGNATIONS

  1. Connective tissue septa
  2. Blood vessel
  3. Lobule of the gland
  4. Intercalated duct
  5. Striated duct
  6. Adipose cells
  7. Interlobular duct

SLIDE 2

Sublingual gland.

Stained with hematoxylin and eosin.

SLIDE’S DESIGNATIONS

  1. Loose connective tissue
  2. Mucous secretory portion
  3. Mixed acini

a)Mucous cells

b)Serous cells

  1. Striated duct
  2. Interlobular duct

TESTS OF THE “KROK-1”DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. ORGANS OF THE ORAL CAVITY. SALIVARY GLANDS.

1

Only serous end parts are detected in a histological specimen of the glandular organ. In interlobular connective tissue ducts are seen, lined with stratified epithelium. Determine this structure.

A *Parotid gland

B Submandibular salivary gland

C Pancreas

D Sublingual salivary gland

E Liver

A microspecimen of the submandibular salivary gland shows some basket-shaped cells concentrated around the acinus and excretory ducts. These cells surround bases of the serous cells and are called myoepitheliocytes. These cells relate to the following tissue:

A *Muscle tissue

B Epithelial tissue

C Nervous tissue

D Special connective tissue

E Loose fibrous connective tissue

Parotid salivary gland has acinar pieces which are formed by serous cells. What organelles of these cells provide synthesis and secretion of the saliva components?

A. Granular endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex

B. Golgi complex

C. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex

D. Mitochondria, Golgi complex

E. Lysosomes

Damage of the epithelium of excretory ducts is observed in chronic inflammatory processes of the salivary glands. What kind of epithelium will be damaged in the striated ducts of the major salivary glands?

A. *Columnar epithelium with basal striations

B. Squamous epithelium with basal striations

C. Cuboidal epithelium with basal striations

D. Pseudostratified epithelium with basal striations

E. Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Lobules ducts with a large number of orderly arranged mitochondria in the basal part of the epithelium are visiblein a histological specimen of the parotid gland. What kind of ducts is this?

A. *Striated ducts

B. Common ducts

C. Interlobular ducts

D. Intercalated ducts

E. Intralobular ducts

Terminal secretory acini with serous cells that synthesize mostly enzymes are distinguished in a histological specimen of the parotid gland. What kind of glands according to chemical composition of their secretion are they?

A*Protein

BMucous

CProtein and mucous

DSebaceous

ESweat

It is known that submandibular salivary gland has mucous secretory acini consisting of mucous cells. What features are characteristic for these cells?

A *Flattened nucleuses and light cytoplasm

B Basophilic cytoplasm

C Rounded nucleus in the center of the cell

D Microvilli

E Basal striations

Processes of secretion and excretion are violated during acute inflammation of the parotid gland. Which cells are suffered in this case?

A *Serous and myoepithelial cells

B Protein, serous, mucous cells

C Serous cells, cells with basal striations, stellate cells

D Protein and mucous cells

E Cells with basal striations

It is known that submandibular salivary gland has mucous secretory acini consisting of mucous cells. What feature is characteristic for mucous cells?

  1. *Oxyphilic cytoplasm
  2. Basophilic cytoplasm
  3. Rounded nucleus in the cell center
  4. Microvilli
  5. Basal striations

The secret of paired parotid glands is realized into the mouth. What acini is the part of parotid gland?

  1. *Protein secretory acini
  2. Mucous secretory acini
  3. Epithelial trabeculae
  4. Follicles
  5. Mixed secretory acini

The protein synthesizing system of salivary gland cells was blocked using actinomycin D. What component will be absent in saliva? What cells will cease to secrete its secret?

  1. *Enzyme amylase, serous cells
  2. Enzyme amylase, mucous cells
  3. Enzyme lipase, serous cells
  4. Enzyme pepsin, serous cells
  5. Enzyme lipase, mucous cells

Cells with round nuclei and basophilic cytoplasm are presented in a specimen of parotid glands secretory acini. What structures of the gland do they form?

A. *Protein secretory acini