DEPARTMENT OF WEED SCIENCE
DETAIL OF COURSES FOR UNDERGRADUATES
II Year 3rd Semester
WS 401: Introduction to Weed Science3 (2-2)
III Year 5th Semester
WS 501: Plant Anatomy3 (2-2)
WS 502: Applied Weed Science4 (3-2)
WS 505: Weeds Identification- I : Rabi Weeds4 (3-2)
WS 507: Perennial & parasitic weeds & their management4 (3-2)
SES-503 Environmental Pollution and Management (Elective)4(3-2)
6th Semester
WS 504: Introduction to Taxonomy of Angiosperms4 (3-2)
WS 506: Weeds Identification-II : Kharif Weeds4 (3-2)
WS 508: Introduction to Chemical Weed Control4 (3-2)
IV Year 7th Semester
WS 601: Weed Management in Field Crops4 (3-2)
WS 602: Weed Ecology4 (3-2)
WS 603: Weed Physiology4 (3-2)
WS 604: Weed Management in Fruit & Vegetable crops4 (3-2)
WS 605: Seminar1 (1-0)
IV Year 8th Semester
WS-699: Internship 15 (0-15)
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II YEAR 3rd SEMESTER
WS-401- INTRODUCTION TO WEED SCIENCE 3(2+2)
Theory:
Introduction to Weed Science, Definition of weeds from various perspectives, Losses caused by weeds. Dispersal of weed seeds and fruits. Weed/crop interactions, Principles of weed control; cultural, chemical. biological and chemical, Weed seed dormancy and its importance to weed managers. Study of some selected weeds.
Practical:
Identification of common weeds, Herbicide calculations & Calibration of sprayers
Text (optional): Any one of the following books.
1. Ross, M. A. and C. A. Lembi. 1985. Applied Weed
Science. McGraw-Hill Book Co. Inc.
2.Kumar, R.J. and R. Jagannathan . 2003. Weed Science Principles. Kalyani Publishers. New Delhi/ Calcutta,
3.Handouts.
III YEAR5th SEMESTER
WS-501: PLANT ANATOMY4 (3-2)
Theory:
Detailed study of Plant cell and its organelles. Tissues (Parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma). Complex tissues (Xylem and Phloem). Growth and vascular tissue system. Anatomy of leaf, stem and roots of different agronomic crops.
Practical:
Microscopic study of different cells, tissues and structures.
Text Books:
1. Easau, K. 1977. Anatomy of seed plant. 2nd. ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
2.Cutter, E.G. 1979. Plant Anatomy. 2nd ed. Edward Arnold, U.K.
WS 502- APPLIED WEED SCIENCE 4(3+2)
Theory:
Introduction to Weed Science, Different methods of weeds dispersal Weed Seed dormancy, Weed/crop interference, History of weed control, Different methods of weed control, Chemical weed control in major crops, Major groups of herbicides, classification of Herbicides registered in Pakistan, Introduction to weeds identification, Major families of weeds, Weeds of major crops.
Practical:
Identification of common weeds, Herbicide calculations & Calibration of sprayers
Text (optional): Any one of the following books.
1. Ross, M. A. and C. A. Lembi. 1985. Applied Weed
Science. McGraw-Hill Book Co. Inc.
2.Anderson, W. P. 1982. Weed Science Principles. West Publishing Co.
3.Handouts.
WS 505 WEEDS IDENTIFICATION-I: RABI WEEDS4 (3+2)
Theory:
Principles of Weeds identification/Taxonomy, Major families representing Rabi Weeds, Monocot Families, Dicot Families.
Practical:
Collection, Preservation, Mounting and Identification of major weeds associated with Rabi crops.
Text:
Handouts
Reference:Ali, S.I. and E. Nasir (eds.). Flora of Pakistan (1970-todate) Karachi/Islamabad.
PERENNIAL AND PARASITIC WEEDS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT
WS 5074 (3+2)
Theory:
Perennial Weeds of Orchards, Lawns/Turfs, Annual Crops, Perennial crops, Parasitic weeds of agronomic crops, fruit trees, forest trees. Other Parasitic and perennial weeds.
Practical:Identification of major perennial and parasitic weeds associated with above crops.
Text Books:
1.Marwat, K.B., G.R.Marwat and F.M.Sarim. 1993. A checklist and key to parasitic weeds of Pakistan: A Monograph: Pak. J. Weed Sci. Res. 6:1-15.
2.Handouts
Reference: Ali, S.I. and E. Nasir (eds.). Flora of Pakistan (1970-todate) Karachi/Islamabad.
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6th SEMESTER
WS-512-INTRODUCTION TO TAXONOMY OF ANGIOSPERMS4 (3+2)
Theory:
Principles of Plant Taxonomy, Plant naming, Botanical Code of nomenclature, different systems of classification, Review of major angiosperm families containing plants of economic importance, Use of keys in identification of major genera representing weedy species, Phyllode & Leaf skin Theory, Alternation of generation, Origin & Evolution of Angiosperms.
Practical:
Survey, collection and identification of weedy species predominantly growing in the area.
Text Books:Datta, S.C. 1991. Systematic Botany. Wiley Eastern Ltd. New Dehli, Bombay, Calcutta.
Hand outs.
Reference Books:
Flora of Pakistan. S.I.Ali and E.Nadir (ed.) (1970-todate
WS 513- WEEDS IDENTIFICATION-II : KHARIF WEEDS4 (3+2)
Theory:
Major families representing Kharif Weeds, Monocot Families, Dicot Families
Practical:
Collection, Preservation, Mounting and Identification of major weeds associated with Kharif crops.
Text: Handouts
Reference:Ali, S.I. and E. Nasir (eds.). Flora of Pakistan (1970-todate) Karachi/Islamabad.
WS 514:INTRODUCTION TO CHEMICAL WEED CONTROL 4 (3+2)
Theory:
History of weed control, Principles of chemical weed control, Factors affecting soil applied herbicides, Factors affecting foliar applied herbicides, Classification of herbicides, Herbicide formulations, Herbicide mixtures and tank mixing, Herbicide injury and its diagnosis, Mechanisms of herbicide selectivity, Herbicide resistance, Breeding crops for herbicide resistance, Weed life cycles and strategies of control, Adjuvant for herbicides, Terms used in weed control, Shift in weed population and species within population, Pesticide safety, Weed control in the following areas considering the herbicides which are registered or those which are in the pipeline for release in Pakistan-
1. Cereals: Wheat, Maize, Rice.
2. Legumes: Chickpea (gram), Lentils, Soybean.
3. Cash crops: Sugarcane, Sugarbeet, Cotton, Tobacco.
4. Horticultural: Lawns/turfs, Orchards, vegetables.
Practical:
-Herbicide calculations, Calibration of sprayers, Determination of herbicides compatibility, Effectiveness of Adjuvant
-Economics of weed control (use of computer software)
-Study tour to field experiments for evaluation of herbicides
Text Book (optional)
1.Ross, M. A. and C. A. Lembi. 1985. Applied Weed Science. McGraw-Hill Book Co. Inc.
2. Gupta. O.P. 2002. Modern Weed Management. Agrobios (India), Jadhpur.
WS-511-WEED MANAGEMENT IN FIELD CROPS 4 (3+2)
Theory:
What is a weed and why it is weedy, Nature and magnitude of losses caused by weeds, Methods and weed control and strategies for each:
Cultural, Mechanical, Chemical, Biological, Scope and limitations of different methods, Vegetation management, Anatomy and morphology of plants in relation chemical weed control, Structure of plant membranes in relation to herbicide absorption and translocation, Apoplastic vs. symplastic movement of herbicides in plants, Mode of action and mechanism of action, A brief review of the major herbicide groups, Interspecific and intraspecific shift in chemical control, Weed management in major crops viz. wheat, rice, sugarcane, maize, chickpea and cotton.
Practical:
Collection and Identification of weeds, Use of spray equipment in herbicides. Calibration of backpack and tractor mounted sprayers. Herbicide safety measures.
Text Books:
Ross, M.A. and C.A.Lembi. 1985. Applied Weed Science. McGraw Hill Book Co. Inc.Anderson, W. P. 1982. Weed Science Principles. West Publishing Co., USA.
Aldrich .R.J and. R.J. Kremer. 2002. Principles in Weed Management 2nd ed. Panima Publishing Corporation /New Delhi/Bangalore.
7th semester
WS-601. INTRODUCTION TO APPLIED ETHNOBOTANY4 (3 + 2)
Theory:
Introduction, Nomenclature used in Ethnobotany, Ethnobotany and its relation to conservation of plant material. Temporal and spatial changes in Ecosystems. Use of taxonomic knowledge in field. Involving the local farmers of community in Ethnobotanical investigations. Survey of local market regarding Ethnobotanical products, including high value crops. Harvesting of Ethnobotanical products and their impact on sustainbility of the plant population. Description of major plants of N.W.F.P. used by the local community in different ways. Use of indigenous knowledge in agro-forestry.
Practical:
Identification of medicinal plants in the area. Study of inventories used in the traditional medicine. Development and use of questionnaire for ethnobotanical use.
Text Book:Curnmgham, A.B. 2001. Applied Ethnobotany (People, Wild plant use and Conservation). W.W.F. Series.
WS-602WEED ECOLOGY4 (3+2)
Theory:
Definition of ecological terminology- Ecology, Competition, Succession, Ecosystem, Agro-Ecosystem, What makes weeds successful over the crops
Classification of weeds according to duration of growth, adaptation to habitats and photosynthetic pathways, Reproduction, propagule dispersal, germination and survival of weeds, Factors of plant growth and effect of these factors on plant competition, Plant growth and development; Plant growth analysis, prospects and limitations-Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Ratio (LAR), Leaf Weight Ratio (LWR), Net Assimilation Rate (NAR), Relative Growth Rate (RGR), Crop Growth Rate (CGR) and other physiological parameters of weeds, Impact of different weed control methods on weeds and crops, Herbicide Tolerance vs. resistance, Acquired Resistance and Methods to avert resistance in weeds, Critical periods of weed competition,
Weed thresholds for management decisions.
Practical:
Simultaneous growing of weeds and crops and study of weed competition through growth analysis-NAR, LAR, LWR, RGR and CGR etc.
Reference Books:
Radosevich, S.R., J.S.Holt and C.M.Ghersa. 1996. Weed Ecology Implications for Management. 2nd ed. John Wiley, New York.
Aldrich, R.J. 1986. Weed Crop Ecology. Breton Publishers, Massachusetts, USA.
Subramanian, S. 2004.Globalisation and Sustainable Agricultural. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, India.
WS-603WEED PHYSIOLOGY4 (3+2)
Theory:
Effects of Herbicides on Photosynthesis, Respiration, Cellular Development. Effects of Herbicides on Non-photosynthetic Biosynthetic Processes. Herbicide Effects on Membrane Functions. Transpiration in Relation to Herbicides Translocation. The Physiological Effects of Adjuvants on Plants. Herbicide Tolerance: Alteration of Site of Activity. Herbicide Absorption and Translocation and Their Relationship to Plant Tolerances and Susceptibility. Detoxication of Herbicides.
Practical:
Herbicide dosage computations in different formulations. Observing phytotoxicity symptoms of different herbicide groups. Use and response of adjuvants in herbicides.
Text Book:
Duke , S. O. (ed.). 1985. Weed Physiology. Vol. 2 ; CRC Press, Inc. Florida.
Bazzaz .F. A. 2000.Plant and Changing Environments (Linking Physiological, Population, and Community Ecology). Cambridge University Press, U.K.
WS-604WEED MANAGEMENT IN FRUITS AND VEGETABLE CROPS4 (3+2)
Theory:
Detailed study of the biology, physiology and management of perennial weeds, Intercropping as a weed management tool, Integrated weed management for fruits and vegetables, Weeds and their management in:
i.Fruit nurseries
ii.Established orchards of citrus, mango, peach and plum etc.
iii.Vegetable nurseries
iv.Established vegetable stands of tomatoes, onion, garlic, peas, and cucurbits etc.
Practical:
Collection and Identification of weeds of the target sites. Use of polyethylene sheets and other mulches in weed management in vegetables. Synergistic mixtures of herbicides for better output.
Reference Books:
1.Ross, M.A. and C.A.Lembi. 1985. Applied Weed Science. Mc Graw Hill Book Co. Inc., New York.
2.Anderson, W. P. 1982. Weed Science Principles. West Publishing Co., USA.
3.Aldrich .R.J and. R.J. Kremer. 2002. Principles in Weed Management 2nd ed. Panima Publishing Corporation /New Delhi/Bangalore.
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