Definitions As Available in the Fed Register

HS Classification

8507 / electric storage batteries, incl separators, parts
850710 / Lead-acid Accumulators, of a Kind Used for Starting Piston Engines
850720 / Other Lead-acid Accumulators
850730 / Nickel-cadmium Accumulators
850740 / Nickel-iron Accumulators
850780 / Other Electric Accumulators
850790 / Parts of Electric Accumulators

Definitions as available in the Fed register

(3)Easily removable

The term “easily removable”, with respect to a battery, means detachable or removable at the end of the life of the battery—

(A)from a consumer product by a consumer with the use of common household tools; or

(B)by a retailer of replacements for a battery used as the principal electrical power source for a vehicle.

(4)Mercuric-oxide battery

The term “mercuric-oxide battery” means a battery that uses a mercuric-oxide electrode.

(5)Rechargeable battery

The term “rechargeable battery”—

(A)means 1 or more voltaic or galvanic cells, electrically connected to produce electric energy, that is designed to be recharged for repeated uses; and

(B)includes any type of enclosed device or sealed container consisting of 1 or more such cells, including what is commonly called a battery pack (and in the case of a battery pack, for the purposes of the requirements of easy removability and labeling under section 14322 of this title, means the battery pack as a whole rather than each component individually); but

(C)Does not include—

(i)a lead-acid battery used to start an internal combustion engine or as the principal electrical power source for a vehicle, such as an automobile, a truck, construction equipment, a motorcycle, a garden tractor, a golf cart, a wheelchair, or a boat;

(ii)a lead-acid battery used for load leveling or for storage of electricity generated by an alternative energy source, such as a solar cell or wind-driven generator;

(iii)a battery used as a backup power source for memory or program instruction storage, timekeeping, or any similar purpose that requires uninterrupted electrical power in order to function if the primary energy supply fails or fluctuates momentarily; or

(iv)A rechargeable alkaline battery.

(6)Rechargeable consumer product

The term “rechargeable consumer product”—

(A)Means a product that, when sold at retail, includes a regulated battery as a primary energy supply, and that is primarily intended for personal or household use; but

(B)Does not include a product that only uses a battery solely as a source of backup power for memory or program instruction storage, timekeeping, or any similar purpose that requires uninterrupted electrical power in order to function if the primary energy supply fails or fluctuates momentarily.

(7)Regulated battery

The term “regulated battery” means a rechargeable battery that—

(A)Contains a cadmium or a lead electrode or any combination of cadmium and lead electrodes; or

(B)Contains other electrode chemistries and is the subject of a determination by the Administrator under section 14322(d) of this title.

(8)Remanufactured product

The term “remanufactured product” means a rechargeable consumer product that has been altered by the replacement of parts, repackaged, or repaired after initial sale by the original manufacturer.

Product Standards (ANSI)

ANSI/AIAA S-080-1998,

Space Systems -Metallic Pressure Vessels, PressurizedStructures, and Pressure Components

Provides requirements for the analysis, design,manufacture, qualification, and acceptance forflight of metallic pressure vessels, pressurizedstructures, and pressure components for use inspace systems. The document includesspecific requirements addressing pressurevessels with hazardous and non-hazardousfailure modes and special pressurizedequipment such as batteries, heat pipes,cryostats, and pressure components. This isthe second public review for this standard. Itwas previously listed in the September 12,1997 edition of Standards Action and is beingresubmitted due to substantive changes to thetext.

ANSI/EIA 540J0AB-2001,

DetailSpecification for Coin Cell Battery Holders

for Use in Electronic Equipment

Comprises a specification for use with standardindustry-defined batteries.

IEEE 1184-2006,

Guide for Batteries forUninterruptible Power Supply Systems

Discusses various battery systems so that theuser can make informed decisions on selection,installation design, installation, maintenance,and testing of stationary standby batteries usedin Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)systems.

IEEE 1625-2004,

Rechargeable Batteriesfor Portable Computing

Guides manufacturers/suppliers in planningand implementing the controls for the designand manufacture of Li-Ion an Li-Ion Polymerrechargeable battery packs used for portablecomputing.

IEEE 1725-2006,

Standard forRechargeable Batteries for CellularTelephones

Establishes criteria for design analysis forquality, and establishes criteria for reliability ofrechargeable Li-Ion and Li-Ion polymerbatteries for mobile telephone applications.

ANSI C18.1M, Part 1-2005,

Dry Cells andBatteries – Specifications

Applies to portable primary cells and batterieswith aqueous electrolyte and a zinc anode(non-lithium). This edition includes thefollowing electrochemical systems: a) Carbonzinc (LeClanche and zinc chloride types); b)Alkaline manganese dioxide; c) Silver oxide; d)Zinc air.

ANSI C18.3M, Part 1-2005,

PortableLithium Primary Cells and Batteries -General and Specifications

This standard applies to portable lithiumprimary cells and batteries. This editionincludes the following electrochemical systems:

a) Lithium/carbon monofluoride;

b) Lithium/manganese dioxide;

c) Lithium/iron disulfide.

Applies to portable lithium primary cells andbatteries. This edition will include the followingelectrochemical systems: lithium/carbonmonofluoride, lithium/manganese dioxide, andlithium/iron disulfide.

IEEE 1184-2006,

Guide for Batteries forUninterruptible Power Supply Systems

Installation Standards:

IEEE 1184-2006,

Guide for Batteries forUninterruptible Power Supply Systems

Testing Standards

ANSI/SAE J2380-JAN98, Vibration Testingof Electric Vehicle Batteries

IEEE 1184-2006, Guide for Batteries forUninterruptible Power Supply Systems

Safety Standards (ANSI) Industrial Safety

ANSI C18.1M, Part 2-2003,

PortablePrimary Cells and Batteries with AqueousElectrolyte - Safety Standard

Specifies performance requirements forportable primary batteries with aqueouselectrolyte and zinc anode (non-lithium) toensure their safe operation under normal useand reasonably foreseeable misuse.

ANSI C18.2M, Part 2-1999,

PortableRechargeble Cells and Batteries – SafetyStandard

ANSI C18.3M, Part 2-2004,

PortableLithium Primary Cells and Batteries -Safety Standard

Specifies tests and requirements for portableprimary lithium cells and batteries, both thechemical systems and the types covered inANSI C18.3M, Part 1, to ensure their safeoperation under normal use and reasonablyforeseeable misuse.

UL 1236-2006,

Standard for Safety forBattery Chargers for ChargingEngine-Starter Batteries

This re-circulation proposal provides revisionsto the UL 1236 proposed new edition dated10-7-05. The revisions are based oncomments received during the ballot andreview of the proposal document.

IEEE 625-2001,

Recommended Practicesto Improve Electrical Maintenance andSafety in the Cement Industry

Applies to all electrical equipment such assubstations, power transformers, motorcontrols, generators, distribution systems,instruments, and storage batteries commonlyused in cement plants.

Safety Standards for the workplace

Safety standards for the workplace are set by OSHA.



Employees working in battery manufacturing plants may potentially be exposed to lead concentrations greater than the OSHA permissible exposure limit.

Respiratory protection and medical surveillance are essential for controlling lead exposure levels and preventing lead-related disease when engineering and work practice controls, including administrative controls such as employee rotation, to the extent feasible, do not reduce airborne lead levels below the permissible exposure limit. Please refer to respiratory protection and medical surveillance for more information.
The OSHA Lead Standard requires the employer to reduce employee exposure to the lowest feasible level through the use of engineering and work practice controls [1910.1025(e)(1)]. The engineering and work practice controls addressed in this eTool have been shown to reduce employee exposure and are provided to assist employers and employees in complying with the OSHA Lead Standard. It is the employer's responsibility to evaluate the sources of exposure and the specific controls for operations that are necessary to comply with the Lead Standard.

Oxide and Grid Production, Plate Processing, Battery Assembly, Battery Repair and Reclaim, Environmental Controls, and Maintenance are operations workers perform in battery manufacturing plants.
Information on potential sources of exposure, Engineering Controls, work practices, and OSHA Lead Requirements are provided to assist in compliance with the OSHA Lead Standard.

OSHA Lead Requirements for PPE, Housekeeping, and Hygiene Facilities

The OSHA Lead Standard addresses specific requirements for the following:

Protective Clothing and Equipment
Housekeeping
Hygiene Facilities

IEC Standards

IEC 60086-3 Ed. 2.0 b:2004

Primary batteries - Part 3: Watch batteries "This part of IEC 60086 specifies dimensions, designation,

methods of tests and requirements for primary batteries for

watches. In several cases, a list of test methods is given.

When presenting battery electrical characteristics and/or

performance data, the manufacturer should specify which test

method was used."

IEC 60952-1 Ed. 2.0 b:2004

Aircraft batteries - Part 1: General test

requirements and performance levels

"This part of IEC 60952 defines test procedures for the

evaluation, comparison and qualification of batteries and

states minimum environmental performance levels for

airworthiness. Where specific tests are defined with no

pass/fail requirement (to establish performance capability), the

manufacturer's declared values, from qualification testing, will

be used to establish minimum requirements for ongoing

maintenance of approval for that design of battery.

IEC 61427 Ed. 2.0 b:2005

Secondary cells and batteries for photovoltaic

energy systems (PVES) - General requirements

and methods of test

"This International Standard gives general information relating

to the requirements of the secondary batteries used in

photovoltaic energy systems (PVES) and to the typical

methods of test used for the verification of battery

performances. This International Standard does not include

specific information relating to battery sizing, method of charge

or PVES design. "

IEC 62034 Ed. 1.0 b:2006

Automatic test systems for battery powered

emergency escape lighting

This International Standard specifies the basic performance

and safety requirements for individual products and

components that are incorporated into automatic test systems

for use with emergency lighting systems on supply voltages

not exceeding 1000 V.

IEC/TR 61955 Ed. 1.0 en:1998

Primary batteries - Summary of research and

actions limiting risks to reversed installation of

primary batteries "Provides information relevant to the

safe design of batteriesand battery powered devices together

with appropriatecautionary advice to consumers. This report is primarily

intended to be used by battery manufacturers, equipment

manufacturers, designers, standard writers, consumer

organizations, and charger manufacturers. This report may

also be of assistance to educational authorities, users,

procurement personnel, and regulatory authorities. "

Packaging:

Packaging requirements will be subject to the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG).

DANGEROUS GOODS MANIFEST EXPLANATORY NOTES

1. CONTAINER NUMBER (Compulsory Field for DG of Class 1 and Class 7)

When the substance or article is being carried in a container, the alphanumeric container number is to be shown, e.g.AXBX 9876543.

2. NO. AND KIND OF PACKAGES

Plain language entry - e.g. “250 steel drums”.

3. PROPER SHIPPING NAME (Compulsory Field)

(Refer to column 2 of the Dangerous Goods List in Volume 2 of the IMDG Code)

Trade name and Technical name will not be accepted.

4. IMO CLASS (PRIMARY HAZARD) (Compulsory Field)

(Refer to column 3 of the Dangerous Goods List in Volume 2 of the IMDG Code)

It includes IMDG Classification number and (if applicable) the relevant division. Class 1 substances and articles

must always show the Division Number and Compatibility Group.

5. UN NUMBER (Compulsory Field)

(Refer to column 1 of the Dangerous Goods List in Volume 2 of the IMDG Code)

It must correspond to the number allocated to the Proper Shipping Name.

6. PACKING GROUP

(Refer to column 5 of the Dangerous Goods List in Volume 2 of the IMDG Code)

Where packing group number has been assigned to the substance or article in the IMDG Code, i.e. I, II, III or N/A.

7. SUBSIDIARY RISK(S)

(Refer to column 4 of the Dangerous Goods List in Volume 2 of the IMDG Code)

If subsidiary risk(s) has been identified in addition to its primary hazard as shown in item 3 above.

8. FLASH POINT IF 61°C or BELOW (closed cup (c.c) flash point in °C) - (if applicable)

The presence of impurities may cause the flashpoint lower or higher than the reference flashpoint indicated in column

17 of the Dangerous Goods List in Volume 2 of the IMDG Code.

9. MARINE POLLUTANT

(Refer to column 4 of the Dangerous Goods List in Volume 2 of the IMDG Code)

“Y” indicates the goods are Marine Pollutant.

“N” indicates the goods are Non-Marine Pollutant.

“S” indicates the goods are Severe Marine Pollutant.

10. DG NET MASS (Kg) / DG GROSS MASS (Kg) (Compulsory Field)

11. N.E.C. - (NET EXPLOSIVE CONTENT) (Kg) (Compulsory Field for DG of Class 1)

12. STOWAGE LOCATION (Compulsory Field for DG of Class 1 and Class 7)

Cellular container ship: Bay, Row, Tier Location. e.g. 030084 or 100208A

13. PORT OF LOADING(Compulsory Field)

Enter “1” to indicate loading in HK;

“2” to indicate loading in PRC;

“3” to indicate loading in others.

14. PORT OF DISCHARGE(Compulsory Field)

Enter “1” to indicate discharging in HK;

“2” to indicate discharging in HK (For Transshipment);

“3” to indicate discharging in PRC;

“4” to indicate discharging in others.

Packaging requirements are also subject to a special child-resistant and senior-citizen friendly packaging (for simplicity, referred to as CRP) requirement. For more information,

List of certificates to be carried on board the ship in transit:

Transportation Regulation for Lithium, Li- Ion and Polymer Cells & Batteries:

Organizations and regulations governing the transport of lithium, lithium ion and polymer cells and batteries

The regulations that govern the transport of primary lithium (non-rechargeable) and rechargeable lithium ion (including polymer) cells and batteries include the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Technical Instructions and corresponding International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations, and the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code. In addition, lithium and lithium ion cells and batteries are regulated in the US in accordance with Part 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations, (49 CFR Sections 100-185) of the US Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMR). Section 173.185 provides specifications on exceptions and packaging for shipping based on details of weights, tests and classifications. The hazardous materials table in Section 172.101 also provides related shipping information. The Office of Hazardous Materials Safety, which is within the US Department of Transportation’s (DOT) Research and Special Programs Administration (RSPA), is responsible for coordinating the transportation of hazardous materials (also known as dangerous goods) by air, rail, highway and water and drafting the regulations that govern such materials. These regulations are based on the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods Model Regulations and the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria.

Transportation regulations

Based on lithium weight (for primary cells and batteries) and equivalent lithium content (for lithium ion cells and batteries), the following shipping regulations currently are in effect.

(1) Applies to cells and batteries with solid cathodes. The maximum lithium content for cells and batteries with liquid cathodes is 0.5 grams / 1.0 gram.

(2) Excepted from regulations. No testing, Class 9 markings, specification packaging, or Class 9 label required. However, due to December 15, 2004 US DOT Interim Final Rule there are certain marking requirements that apply to excepted primary lithium cells and batteries

(3) Excepted from regulations only if pass the UN T1-T8 Tests.

(4) If pass UN Tests, no Class 9 markings, specification packaging, or Class 9 label required. However, due to December 15, 2004 US DOT Interim Final Rule there are certain marking requirements that apply to excepted primary lithium cells and batteries.

(5) Must pass UN T1-T8 Tests and be shipped as a Class 9 hazardous material.

(6) Cells and batteries that fail to meet requirements of UN Tests can only be shipped if shipper secures an Approval from the US DOT. (See page 4 regarding Exemptions and Approvals for shipping and testing.)

(7) 49 CFR 173.185(d) does allow for cells and batteries and equipment containing cells and batteries that were first transported prior to Jan. 1, 1995, and were assigned to Class 9 on the basis of the requirements of the U.S. HMR in effect on Oct. 1, 1993, to be transported in accordance with the applicable requirements in effect on Oct. 1, 1993.

(8) Requires Class 9 markings, label, specification packaging, and shipping papers.

International transportation regulations currently in effect

The international transportation regulations require battery and cell manufacturers or companies that ship equipment packed with or containing these cells and batteries to meet UN testing, marking, packaging, labeling and shipping paper specifications. These regulations are incorporated into the ICAO Technical Instructions, IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations, and IMDG Code. Based on lithium content (for primary cells and batteries) and equivalent lithium content (for lithium ion cells and batteries), the following international shipping regulations apply:

(1) Starting January 1, 2005 all cells and batteries shipped by air must pass UN T1-T8 Tests. Cells and batteries that pass UN Tests are excepted from regulation. The IMDG Code contains a grandfather clause for testing “small” cells and batteries until December 31, 2013.

(2) If shipping from the U.S. under the ICAO Technical Instructions and cells or batteries fail to pass the required UN Tests, shipper must secure an Approval from the U.S. DOT prior to offering products for shipment. (See page 4 regarding Exemptions and Approvals for shipping and testing.)