Curriculum Vitaekurt Fredrick
CURRICULUM VITAEKURT FREDRICK
Kurt L. Fredrick
Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University
484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
Phone: 614-292-6679; Fax: 614-292-8120; e-mail:
Positions and Employment
2009-presentAssociate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
2003-2009Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
2003-presentMember, Ohio State Biochemistry Program (OSBP)
2003-presentMember, Center for RNA Biology, Ohio State University
EDUCATION AND TRAINING
1988-1992B.A. Biology, Gustavus Adolphus College, St. Peter, MN
Advisor: Prof. Colleen Jacks
1992-1997Ph.D. Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
Advisor: Prof. John D. Helmann
1998-2003Postdoctoral Research, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA
Advisor: Prof. Harry F. Noller
HONORS AND AWARDS
1988-1992Andrew Thorson Scholarship, Gustavus Adolphus College, St. Peter, MN
1991Winter-term Research Fellowship, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
1993-1994NIH Biotechnology Training Grant, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
1998-2001NIH Postdoctoral Fellowship, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA
2004Nominee for Packard Foundation Fellowship for Science and Engineering, Office of Research, Ohio State University
Research Interests
My group is interested in understanding how the ribosome works. The ribosome is a 2.5 MDa RNA-based machine that translates the genetic code in all organisms. In the last decade, numerous structures of the ribosome and various ribosomal complexes have been solved by x-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy. A primary challenge in the field today is to define the molecular mechanisms that underline protein synthesis in structural terms. To date, much of our effort has focused on translocation, the coupled movement of tRNA and mRNA in the ribosome, a reaction catalyzed by EF-G and GTP. Work from our group has provided insight regarding both the thermodynamics and kinetics of tRNA movement within the ribosome and the mode of action of several translocation inhibitors. While our studies on translocation will continue, we have expanded our efforts to investigate other steps in protein synthesis. Recently, we have isolated and begun to characterize a number of 16S rRNA mutations that confer specific defects in initiation, elongation, and/or termination.
Professional Service
Grant reviewing
2005-presentAd hoc reviewer, National Science Foundation
2006-presentMember, National Science Foundation Prokaryotic Biology Review Panel
2009Ad hoc member, National Institutes of Health Special Emphasis Study Section (GCAT)
2010Ad hoc member, National Institutes of Health MGA Study Section
Manuscript reviewing
2003-presentJournals:
Archives of Microbiology
Biochemistry
Biopolymers
Cell
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
EMBO Journal
EMBO Reports
FEBS Letters
Gene
Journal of Bacteriology
Journal of Molecular Biology
Molecular Cell
Molecular Microbiology
Nature
Nature Structural and Molecular Biology
Nucleic Acids Research
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA
RNA
Science
Trends in Biochemical Sciences
Trends in Microbiology
Tuberculosis
Other professional service
2009-presentMember, Nominating Committee for the RNA Society
ADMINISTRATIVE Service
Department of Microbiology
2003-2005Member, Undergraduate Curriculum Committee
2005-presentUndergraduate Research Coordinator
2007-presentOrganizer, Annual Microbiology Symposium
2006-2009Member, Graduate Studies Committee
2009-presentMember, Graduate Studies Advising and Curriculum Committee
2009-presentMember, Awards Committee
Ohio State Biochemistry Program
2007-presentMember, Recruiting Committee
Other administrative service for the University
2004Participant, Undergraduate Student Government faculty-student luncheon
2004-2006Essay judge, University Scholar Maximus Competition
2004-presentGraduate School representative on graduate exams (1-2 exams/year)
2005Abstract judge, Hayes Graduate Research Forum
2007Participant, Graduate and Professional Schools Student Visitation Day
2007-presentParticipant, Molecular Life Sciences Interdisciplinary Graduate Programs Symposium
GRADUATE STUDENTS AND TRAINEES
(All at Ohio State University unless otherwise indicated; OSBP, Ohio State Biochemistry Program)
Doctoral Students (dissertation advisor):
Former
Sarah Walker, Ph.D. Microbiology (2008); Currently employed as a postdoctoral researcher at Johns Hopkins University (J. Lorsch laboratory).
Shinichiro Shoji, Ph.D. Microbiology (2009); Currently employed as a postdoctoral researcher at Scripps Research Institute (P. Schultz laboratory).
Current
Daoming Qin, OSBP (6/05-present; Candidacy exam 3/27/07)
Aishwarya Devaraj, OSBP (6/07-present; Candidacy exam 1/23/09)
Sean McClory, OSBP (6/08-present; Candidacy exam 4/5/10)
Rohan Balakrishnan (6/09-present)
Jodie Lee (8/09-present)
Qi Liu (6/10-present)
Masters Students (thesis advisor):
Former
Kevin McGarry, M.S. Microbiology (2007); Currently employed at Battelle.
Doctoral Students (dissertation committee member):
Former
Jen Carr, Ph.D. Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI (2005)
Sherry Blight, Ph.D. Microbiology (2006)
Anirban Mahapatra, Ph.D. Microbiology (2007)
Jiqiang Ling, Ph.D. Biochemistry (2008)
Corinne Hausmann, Ph.D. Microbiology (2008)
Dileep Pulukkunat, Ph.D. Biochemistry (2008)
Jessica Wohlgamuth-Benedum, Ph.D. Microbiology (2009)
Kirk Gaston, Ph.D. Microbiology (2009)
Ryan Fuchs, Ph.D. Microbiology (2009)
Angela Smith, Ph.D. Microbiology (2009)
Current
Vineeta Kurlekar, Microbiology (1/06-present)
Huanyu Wang, OSBP (2/06-present)
Ruisheng Jiang, OSBP (5/06-present)
Rick Nist, Microbiology (5/06-present)
Shoko Morimoto, Microbiology (9/06-present)
Noah Reynolds, Microbiology (9/06-present)
Theresa Rogers, Microbiology (1/07-present)
Mom Das, OSBP (8/07-present)
Kiley Dare, Microbiology (9/07-present)
Srujana Yadavalli, Microbiology (10/07-present)
Anastasia Sevostiyanova, Microbiology (11/07-present)
Christopher Jones, OSBP (1/08-present)
Hui-Yi Chu, MCDB (6/08-present)
Liang-Chun Liu, Microbiology (8/08-present)
Ran Furman, Microbiology (10/08-present)
Brian Smith, OSBP (1/09-present)
Marla Gilreath, OSBP (1/10-present)
Medha Raina, OSBP (7/10-present)
Masters Students (thesis committee member):
Former
Heather Carter, M.S. Microbiology (2004)
Brian Gabel, M.S. Microbiology (2006)
Yan Chen, M.S. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine (2007)
Postdoctoral Fellows
Former
Xiaofen Zhong (2005); Currently employed at University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL.
TEACHING
Classroom teaching (All at Ohio State University)
General Microbiology 1 (Micro 520), lecturer, Sp 04 (50%), Au 04 (100%), Au 05 (100%), Au 06 (100%), Au 07 (100%), Au 08 (100%), Au 09 (100%), Au 10 (100%), undergraduate level.
Advanced Topics in Molecular Microbiology (Micro 760), lecturer, Sp 06 (25%), Sp 08 (25%), Sp 10 (25%), graduate level.
The RNA World (Micro 850), lecturer, Sp 05 (5%), Sp 07 (5%), Au 10 (5%), graduate level.
Nucleic Acids (Biochemp 766), lecturer, Wi 07 (5%), graduate level.
RNA Focus Group (Biochemp 796A), supervisor of seminar course (50%), all quarters 2005-2009, graduate level.
OSBP 1st-2nd year seminar (Biochemp 796, 1 credit hour), supervisor of seminar course (25%), Au 09, Wi 10, graduate level.
Undergraduate research supervision
Microbiology Research (Micro 699), 2004-present, supervisor (100%), undergraduate level.
Nimo Abdi (2004-2006)
Eric Holbrook (2005-2006)
Daniel Box (2006)
Sabrina Sharif (2007)
Josh Leisring (2008-2009)
Kristina Rached (2009-2010)
PRESENTATIONS
Invited seminars
1999Department of Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA.
2002University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE.
2002Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA.
2002Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY.
2003Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
2003Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
2004Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO.
2005Department of Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
2005Department of Biology, Kenyon College, Gambier, OH.
2006Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, OH.
2006Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
2008Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
2009Department of Chemistry Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT.
2009Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY.
2010Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
2010Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT.
Talks at scientific meetings
1995New England Spores Conference, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
1996New England Spores Conference, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
2000RNA 2000 (Fifth Annual Meeting of the RNA Society), University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.
2003Rustbelt RNA Meeting, Mt. Sterling, OH.
2005Midwest Prokaryotic Molecular Genetics and Physiology Meeting, Bloomington, IN. (Invited)
2005Rustbelt RNA Meeting, Mt. Sterling, OH.
2007Ribosomes: Form and function. North Falmouth, MA.
2009American Society of Microbiology 109th General Meeting, Philadelphia, PA. (Invited)
2009Molecular Genetics of Bacteria & Phages, Madison, WI.
Other involvement in scientific meetings (*denotes presenter)
Chen, Y.*, Fredrick, K. and Helmann, J. D. Biochemical studies of the flagellar s factor, D, and its role in Bacillus subtilis. Molecular genetics of bacteria and phages, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, August 24-29, 1993. (poster)
Fredrick, K., Chen, Y. and Helmann, J. D.* Promoter architecture among D-dependent (class III) flagellar genes in Bacillus subtilis. Bacterial Locomotion and Signal Transduction (BLAST III), Austin, TX, January 1995. (talk)
Fredrick, K.* and Helmann, J. D. Chemotaxis in Bacillus subtilis requires either of two functionally redundant CheW homologs. Bacterial Locomotion and Signal Transduction (BLAST III), Austin, TX, January 1995. (poster)
Fredrick, K.* and Helmann, J. D. Regulation of D activity in B. subtilis. 12th International Spores Conference, Madison, WI, June 4-8, 1996. (poster)
Helmann, J. D.*, Chen, Y. and K. Fredrick. Transcription initiation by Sigma-D RNA polymerase. American Society for Microbiology General Meeting, Miami Beach, FL, May 4-8, 1997. (talk)
Chen, Y.*, Fredrick, K. and Helmann, J. D. Transcription initiation by Bacillus subtilis SigD RNA polymerase. 17th International Congress of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and 1997 Annual Meeting of ASBMB, San Francisco, CA, August 24-29, 1997. (poster)
Fredrick, K.* and Noller, H. F. Mapping the functional surface of ribosomal protein S7. RNA Structure, Santa Cruz, CA, July 12-16, 2000. (poster)
Fredrick, K.* and Noller, H. F. Investigating the functional 30S E site. The Ribosome (Symposium LXVI), Cold Spring Harbor, NY, May 31-June 5, 2001. (poster)
Fredrick, K.* and Noller, H. F. Sparsomycin induces factor-independent ribosomal translocation. Ribozymes and RNA Catalysis, Dundee, Scotland, August 23-27, 2002. (poster)
Qin, D.* and Fredrick, K. Genetic engineering of custom 30S subunit crystals. Rustbelt RNA Meeting, Mt. Sterling, OH, October 28-29, 2005. (poster)
Walker, S. E.* and Fredrick, K. Recognition and positioning of mRNA by tRNAs with expanded anticodons in the ribosome. Rustbelt RNA Meeting, Mt. Sterling, OH, October 28-29, 2005. (poster)
Shoji, S., Walker, S. E. and Fredrick, K*. Reverse translocation of tRNA in the ribosome. Nucleic Acids Gordon Conference, Salve Regina University, Newport, RI, June 4-8, 2006. (poster)
Shoji, S.*, Walker, S. E. and Fredrick, K. Reverse translocation of tRNA in the ribosome. FASEB Nucleic Acid Enzymes Conference, Saxtons River, VT, June 10-15, 2006. (poster)
Walker, S. E.* and Fredrick, K. Recognition and positioning of mRNA by tRNAs with expanded anticodons in the ribosome. FASEB Nucleic Acid Enzymes Conference, Saxtons River, VT, June 10-15, 2006. (talk)
Qin, D.* and Fredrick, K. Characterization of 16S rRNA mutations that decrease the fidelity of translation initiation. Rustbelt RNA Meeting, Mt. Sterling, OH, October 20-21, 2006. (poster)
Shoji, S.*, Walker, S. E. and Fredrick, K. Reverse translocation of tRNA in the ribosome. Rustbelt RNA Meeting, Mt. Sterling, OH, October 20-21, 2006. (talk)
Cate, J. H. D.*, Borovinskaya, M. A., Pai, R. D., Zhang, W., Holton, J. M., Kaji, H., Hirokawa, G., Kaji, A., Shoji, S. and Fredrick, K. Structural basis for antibiotic inhibition of translocation and ribosome recycling. Ribosomes: Form and function. North Falmouth, MA, June 3-8, 2007. (talk)
Qin, D.*, Abdi, N. M. and Fredrick, K. Characterization of 16S rRNA mutations that decrease the fidelity of translation initiation. Ribosomes: Form and function. North Falmouth, MA, June 3-8, 2007. (poster)
Shoji, S.*, Borovinskaya, M. A., Cate, J. H. D. and Fredrick, K. Effect of antibiotics on spontaneous reverse translocation. Ribosomes: Form and function. North Falmouth, MA, June 3-8, 2007. (poster)
Walker, S. E.*, McGarry, K. G. and Fredrick, K. Contribution of E-site nucleotide C2394 to hybrid state formation and translocation. Ribosomes: Form and function. North Falmouth, MA, June 3-8, 2007. (poster)
Walker, S. E.* and Fredrick, K. Role of the P/E state in ribosomal translocation. Rustbelt RNA Meeting, Mt. Sterling, OH, October 19-20, 2007. (talk)
Qin, D.* and Fredrick, K. Characterization of 16S rRNA mutations that decrease the fidelity of translation initiation. Rustbelt RNA Meeting, Mt. Sterling, OH, October 19-20, 2007. (poster)
Shoji, S.*, Borovinskaya, M. A., Cate, J. H. D. and Fredrick, K. Effect of antibiotics on spontaneous reverse translocation of tRNA in the ribosome. Rustbelt RNA Meeting, Mt. Sterling, OH, October 19-20, 2007. (poster)
Walker, S. E.*, Shoji, S., Pan, D., Cooperman, B. S. and Fredrick, K. Role of hybrid tRNA-binding states in ribosomal translocation. Translational Control. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, September 3-7, 2008. (talk)
Qin, D.* and Fredrick, K. Control of translation initiation involves a factor-induced rearrangement of helix 44 of 16S ribosomal RNA. Rustbelt RNA Meeting, Mt. Sterling, OH, October 17-18, 2008. (talk)
Devaraj, A.*, Shoji, S., Holbrook, E. and Fredrick, K. A role for the 30S subunit E site in maintenance of the translational reading frame. Molecular Genetics of Bacteria & Phages. Madison, WI, August 4-9, 2009. (talk)
Qin, D.* and Fredrick, K. Control of translation initiation involves a factor-induced rearrangement of helix 44 of 16S ribosomal RNA. Molecular Genetics of Bacteria & Phages. Madison, WI, August 4-9, 2009. (poster)
McClory, S.*, Leisring, J. M., Qin, D. and Fredrick, K. Missense suppressor mutations in 16S rRNA reveal the importance of helices 8 and 14 in aminoacyl-tRNA selection. Ribosomes 2010. Orvieto, Italy, May 3-7, 2010. (talk)
Devaraj, A.* and Fredrick, K. Short spacing between the Shine-Dalgarno and P codon destabilizes P-site tRNA to promote +1 programmed frameshifting. Ribosomes 2010. Orvieto, Italy, May 3-7, 2010. (poster)
Qin, D.* and Fredrick, K. A factor-induced rearrangement of helix 44 of 16S rRNA negatively regulates 50S docking to ensure fidelity during initiation. Ribosomes 2010. Orvieto, Italy, May 3-7, 2010. (poster)
EXTRAMURAL FUNDING
Current
2010-2014National Institutes of Health (NIGMS)
R01 GM072528
Molecular analysis of accurate ribosomal translocation
Total annual funding: $304,000
2009-2011National Science Foundation (NSF)
MCB 0840996
Studies of translation initiation in bacteria
Total annual funding: $154,000
Previous
2005-2010National Institutes of Health (NIGMS)
R01 GM072528
Molecular analysis of accurate ribosomal translocation
Total annual funding: $288,000
PUBLICATIONS
1. Fredrick, K. L. and Helmann, J. D. 1994. Dual chemotaxis signaling pathways in Bacillus subtilis: A D-dependent gene encodes a novel protein with both CheW and CheY homologous domains. J. Bacteriol.176, 2727-2735.
2. Rosario, M. M., Fredrick, K. L., Ordal, G. W. and Helmann, J. D.1994. Chemotaxis in Bacillus subtilis requires either of two functionally redundant CheW homologs. J. Bacteriol. 176, 2736-2739.
3. Fredrick, K., Caramori, T., Chen, Y. F., Galizzi, A. and Helmann, J. D. 1995. Promoter architecture in the flagellar regulon of Bacillus subtilis: High-level expression of flagellin by the D RNA polymerase requires an upstream promoter element. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 2582-2586.
4. Fredrick, K. and Helmann, J. D. 1996. FlgM is the primary regulator of Dactivity and its absence restores motility to a sinR mutant. J. Bacteriol. 178, 7010-7013.
5. Fredrick, K. and Helmann, J. D. 1997. RNA polymerase sigma factor determines start-site selection but is not required for upstream promoter element activation on heteroduplex (bubble) templates. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 4982-4987.
6. Huang, X., Fredrick, K. L. and Helmann, J. D. 1998. Promoter recognition by Bacillus subtilisW: Autoregulation and partial overlap with the X regulon. J. Bacteriol. 180, 3765-3770.
7. Fredrick, K., Dunny, G. M. and Noller, H. F. 2000. Tagging ribosomal protein S7 allows rapid identification of mutants defective in assembly and function of 30S subunits. J. Mol. Biol. 298, 379-394.
8. Noller, H. F., Yusupov, M. M., Yusupova, G. Z., Baucom, A., Lieberman, K., Lancaster, L., Dallas, A., Fredrick, K., Earnest, T. N. and Cate, J. H. D. 2001. Structure of the ribosome at 5.5 Å resolution and its interaction with functional ligands. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 66, 57-66.
9. Fredrick, K. and Noller, H. F. 2002. Accurate translocation of mRNA by the ribosome requires a peptidyl group or its analog on the tRNA moving into the 30S P site. Mol. Cell 9, 1125-1131.
10. Fredrick, K. and Noller, H. F. 2003. Catalysis of ribosomal translocation by sparsomycin. Science 300, 1159-1162.
11. Hoang, L., Fredrick, K. and Noller, H. F. 2004. Creating ribosomes with an all-RNA 30S subunit P site. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 12439-12443.
12. Noller, H. F., Hoang, L. and Fredrick, K. 2005. The 30S ribosomal P site: A function of 16S rRNA. FEBS Lett. 579, 855-858.
13. Abdi, N. M. and Fredrick, K. 2005. Contribution of 16S rRNA nucleotides forming the 30S subunit A and P sites to translation in E. coli. RNA 11, 1624-1632.
14. Yassin, A., Fredrick, K. and Mankin, A. S. 2005. Deleterious mutations in small subunit ribosomal RNA identify functional sites and potential targets for antibiotics. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102, 16620-16625.
15. McGarry, K. G., Walker, S. E., Wang, H. and Fredrick, K. 2005. Destabilization of the P site codon-anticodon helix results from movement of tRNA into the P/E hybrid state. Mol. Cell 20, 613-622.
16. Walker, S. E. and Fredrick, K. 2006. Recognition and positioning of mRNA in the ribosome by tRNAs with expanded anticodons. J. Mol. Biol. 360, 559-609.
17. Tram, U., Fredrick, K., Werren, J. H. and Sullivan, W. 2006. Paternal chromosome segregation during the first mitotic division determines Wolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility. J. Cell Sci. 119, 3655-3663.
18. Shoji, S., Walker, S. E. and Fredrick, K. 2006. Reverse translocation of tRNA in the ribosome. Mol. Cell 24, 931-942.
19. Shoji, S. and Fredrick, K. 2007. Ribosomal translocation: 3 steps forward and 1 step back? Experimental Medicine 25, 1212-1216. (Japanese)
20. Borovinskaya, M. A., Shoji, S., Holton, J. M., Fredrick, K., and Cate, J. H. D. 2007. A steric block in translation caused by the antibiotic spectinomycin. ACS Chem. Biol. 2, 545-552.
21. Ling, J., Roy, H., Qin, D., Rubio, M. T., Alfonzo, J. D., Fredrick, K. and Ibba, M. 2007. Pathogenic mechanism of a human mitochondrial tRNAPhe mutation associated with myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers syndrome. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104, 15299-15304.
22. Qin, D., Abdi, N. M. and Fredrick, K. 2007. Characterization of 16S rRNA mutations that decrease the fidelity of translation initiation. RNA, 13, 2348-2355.
23. Walker, S. E. and Fredrick, K. 2008. Preparation and evaluation of acylated tRNAs. Methods 44, 81-86.
24. Borovinskaya, M. A., Shoji, S., Fredrick, K., and Cate, J. H. D. 2008. Structural basis for hygromycin B inhibition of protein biosynthesis. RNA 14, 1590-1599.
25. Walker, S. E., Shoji, S., Pan, D., Cooperman, B. S. and Fredrick, K. 2008. Role of hybrid tRNA-binding states in ribosomal translocation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105, 9192-9197.
26. Fredrick, K. and Ibba, M. 2009. Protein synthesis: Errors rectified in retrospect. Nature 457, 157-158.
27. Devaraj, A., Shoji, S., Holbrook, E. D., and Fredrick, K. 2009. A role for the 30S subunit E site in maintenance of the translational reading frame. RNA 15, 255-265.
28. Qin, D. and Fredrick, K. 2009. Control of translation initiation involves a factor-induced rearrangement of helix 44 of 16S ribosomal RNA. Mol. Microbiol. 71, 1239-1249.
29. Shoji, S., Walker, S. E., and Fredrick, K. 2009. Ribosomal translocation: One step closer to the molecular mechanism. ACS Chem. Biol. 4, 93-107.
30. Ling, J., So, B., Yadavalli, S. S., Roy, H., Shoji, S., Fredrick, K., Musier-Forsyth, K., and Ibba, M. 2009. Resampling and editing of mischarged tRNA prior to translation elongation. Mol. Cell 33, 654-660.
31. Shoji, S., Abdi, N. M., Bundschuh, R., and Fredrick, K. 2009. Contribution of ribosomal residues to P-site tRNA binding. Nucleic Acids Res. 37, 4033-4042.
32. Garza-Sánchez, F., Shoji, S., Fredrick, K., and Hayes, C. S. 2009. RNase II is important for A-site mRNA cleavage during ribosome pausing. Mol. Microbiol. 73, 882-897.
33. Shoji, S., Janssen, B. D., Hayes, C. S., and Fredrick, K. 2010. Translation factor LepA contributes to tellurite resistance in Escherichia coli but plays no apparent role in the fidelity of protein synthesis. Biochimie 92, 157-163.
34. Fredrick, K. and Ibba, M. 2010. How the sequence of a gene can tune its translation. Cell141, 227-229.
35. McClory, S. P., Leisring, J. M., Qin, D., and Fredrick, K. 2010. Missense suppressor mutations in 16S rRNA reveal the importance of helices h8 and h14 in aminoacyl-tRNA selection. RNA 16, 1925-1934.
36. McClory, S. P., Devaraj, A., Qin, D., Leisring, J. M., and Fredrick, K. 2010. Mutations in 16S rRNA that decrease the fidelity of translation. In Ribosomes: Structure, Function, and Dynamics, M. Rodnina et al., ed. (New York: Springer-Verlag Wien) (in press).
37. Qin, D. and Fredrick, K. 2010. Analysis of polysomes from bacteria. In Methods Navigator Cookbook, J. Lorsch, ed. (Oxford: Elsevier) (in press).
38. Devaraj, A. and Fredrick, K. 2010. Short spacing between the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and P codon destabilizes codon-anticodon pairing in the P site to promote +1 programmed frameshifting.Mol. Micro (in press).
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