Name: ______Date: ______Class: _____

CP2 PROTEIN NOTES

PROTEIN-RICH FOODS:

·  Poultry

·  ______

·  Shellfish and fish

·  Milk

·  ______

·  Eggs

·  Figs

·  ______and Beans

·  Apricots, Cherries, Grapes, Bananas

·  ______.

PROTEINS:

·  Made of______, ______, ______and ______

·  Monomer (subunit): ______

·  Function: ______

·  Another name for a protein is a ______

AMINO ACIDS AND PEPTIDES

•  Amino acids are also called “______”

•  A bond between two amino acids is called a “______bond.”

•  Three names for the same molecule:

•  ______

•  ______

•  ______

AMINO ACID STRUCTURE:

•  Amino acids are made of:

–  ______(one carbon in the middle)

–  4 groups attached to the carbon

•  ______group ( ______)

•  ______group ( ______)

•  ______group ( ______)

•  ______group (Also called a “side group” or a “R-group”)

•  Label on the diagram below each of the groups listed above:

AMINO ACIDS PRACTICE:

Circle and label the following:

-Hydrogen Group

-Amino Group

-Carboxyl Group

-R Group

THE R-GROUP

•  There are ______different random (R) groups

•  The R - group gives the amino acid its particular ______

•  Some examples of Amino Acids and their particular R-groups


PROTEIN STRUCTURE:

•  There are 4 levels (stages) of protein structure

–  ______(1*) (the first step)

–  ______(2*) (the second step)

–  ______(3*) (the third step)

–  ______(4*) (the fourth step)

•  When a protein is being made, it always starts with the primary structure, and makes its way through each stage, ending at either the quaternary or tertiary level.

PRIMARY STRUCTURE:

•  The primary structure is the sequence of amino acids (what order they are in)

•  Think of the order of beads on a necklace

SECONDARY STRUCTURE:

•  Next, the primary structure (the string of beads) begins to fold or coil up.

•  Different parts of the primary structure will coil (called alpha helices), and other parts will fold (called Beta-pleated sheets)

TERTIARY STRUCTURE:

•  When the secondary structure folds up on itself (it is still coiled and folded, but now it makes a big pile)

•  Think of the beaded necklace on wire that you just coiled and folded. Now you crumple it up in your hand.

QUATERNARY STRUCTURE:

•  Two or more (tertiary) chains folded together

•  Think of the beaded necklace you just crumpled in your hand. If you made two of these crumpled necklaces, then stuck them together, you would have a quaternary structure.



TYPES OF AND FUNCTIONS OF PROTEINS:

KERATIN

·  Gives strength to:

o  Skin

o  ______

o  Nails (fingernails and toenails)

o  Hooves

o  ______

o  Teeth

MUSCLES

·  Tissue that allows movement of and within the body

o  ______muscle (attached to bones)

o  Cardiac muscle (makes up the______)

o  Smooth muscle (makes up______,

o  diaphragm)

HEMOGLOBIN

•  A protein in blood cells that helps ______to tissues in the body.

ANTIBODIES

•  Proteins in the blood that help ______against diseases and infections

ENZYMES

•  Proteins that help ______(like break down food).

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