Conus ebraeus Linnaeus, 1758
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in LSL Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio
Living Animal: David Massemin New Caledonia
Published in: Systema Naturae 10th ed. 1, p. 715
Ocean geography:Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: India
Type Data: Lectotype in LSL deposited and catalogued
Type Size:28x19mm
Nomenclature:An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-VirroconusSpecies:-ebraeus
Synonyms:- quadratus Perry, 1811; judaeus Bergh, 1896
Geographic Range:-Entire Indo-Pacific except Red Sea; also W. coast of Central America.
Habitat:-On intertidal benches and subtidal coral reef platforms, to about 3 m; abundant in both types of habitat, with peak density of population nearer to the shore or halfway across intertidal habitats. On patches of sand bound by algal turf, in sand-filled depressions and crevices, on limestone benches with algal turf, and among or beneath dead coral.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to moderately large, moderately solid to solid. Last whorl broadly to broadly ventricosely conical, occasionally slightly pyriform; outline variously convex adapically, straight or slightly concave toward base. Shoulder angulate or subangulate, strongly to obsoletely tuberculate. Spire of low to moderate height, outline straight to convex. Larval shell multispiral. Postnuclear spire whorls strongly to weakly tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to concave, with 2 increasing to 4-5 often weak spiral grooves. Last whorl with widely spaced, smooth or granulose ribs on basal half.
Ground colour white, sometimes suffused with pink, mainly in juvenile specimens. Last whorl with 3-4 spiral rows of black blotches between base and subshoulder area; blotches squarish to more or less axially elongate, sometimes branching axially or spirally. Apex often pink. Later sutural ramps with rather regularly set black radial blotches. Aperture white to bluish white, external pattern often visible within.
Shell Morphometry
L 25-62 mm
RW 0.22-0.57 g/mm
(L 27-46 mm)
RD 0.69-0.78
PMD 0.78-0.95
RSH 0.06-0.20
Discussion:-C. ebraeus and C. chaldaeus are very closely related species. According to Bergh (1895), C. ebraeus and C. judaeus do not differ in external and internal morphology, except for the armature of the radular teeth (C. judaeus: tooth with an adapical barb opposing a sharp blade; serration present).
DNA studies appear to show C. ebraeus and C. judaeus have same physical form of shell but their DNA shows distinct separation.
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Conus eburneus Hwass in Bruguiere,1792
Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype Tableau (1798, Pl. 324, fig. 1)
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio
Living Animal: David Massemin New Caledonia
Published in: Encyc. Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers. Vol. 1, p. 640
Ocean geography:Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: East Indies
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Tableau (1798, Pl. 324 fig. 1)
Nomenclature:An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lithoconus Species:-eburneus
Synonyms:- quadratulus Röding, 1798; alternatus Link, 1807; crassus Sowerby ii, 1858; turbinatus Sowerby ii, 1858; polyglotta Weinkauff, 1874
Geographic Range:-E. Africa except for Red Sea to Ryukyu Is., Polynesia, and to Australia; absent from Hawaii.
Habitat:-Intertidal to about 65 m, mostly in 1-25 m. C. eburneus lives primarly in and on sand bottoms of subtidal reef flats, in sand-filled channels, large patches of sand and among weed on sandy or muddy substrate.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized to moderately large, moderately solid to heavy. Last whorl conical to broadly or ventricosely conical, occasionally conoid-cylindrical; outline convex to bulbous at subshoulder area and straight below; base truncate. Shoulder angulate to rounded. Spire low, outline concave to straight or sigmoid. Larval shell multispiral, maximum diameter about 0.7 mm. Teleoconch sutural ramps almost flat, with 2 narrow but deeply incised spiral grooves in early whorls and 2-5 grooves in later whorls; intervening ribs and subsutural ridge often pronounced, occasionally weak on last ramps. Last whorl with distinct to weak spiral ribs and ribbons on basal fourth to half.
Ground colour white. Last whorl with spiral rows of variably spaced, reddish brown to black squarish spots, rectangular bars or comma-shaped streaks. 3 yellow, orange or tan bands may underly spiral rows, below shoulder and on both sides of centre. Typical form often with less densely spaced markings; occasionally, colour bands obsolete or covering large parts of last whorl. In form polyglotta, black bars or comma-like markings tend to fuse into solid narrow spiral bands and wavy axial streaks. Form crassus has red-brown markings and usually lacks spiral colour bands. Larval whorls white. Teleoconch sutural ramps with reddish brown or blackish brown spots, axial streaks or blotches; intensity of spire pattern matching that of last whorl pattern. Aperture white.
Shell Morphometry
L 35-79 mm
RW 0.23-1.20 g/mm
RD 0.59-0.73
PMD 0.74-0.92
RSH 0.02-0.10
Discussion:-C. eburneus resembles C. litteratus and sometimes C. leopardus. C. litteratus differs in its larger size, sharply angulate shoulder, bluish brown pointed base, and less pronounced spiral sculpture of sutural ramps and last whorl; its last whorl is less convex below the shoulder and tends to be narrower. C. leopardus attains much larger size, usually has a more angulate shoulder and weak basal ribs (in contrast to more pronounced ribs and ribbons). Both species differ from C. eburneus in the colouration of the animal. RKK consider C. crassus Sowerby to be a form or perhaps an ecotype of C. eburneus, but this remains a matter of dispute without conclusive evidence. Colour pattern intergrades are not known where both co-exist in the same locality with overlapping depth ranges; the slight differences in shell morphometry do not separate them. We consider C. eburneus var. polyglotta a colour form, as described by Weinkauff (1874).
Conus eburneus f. crassus Sowerby ii, 1858
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Thes. Conch. Iii, p. 25, pl. 12 (198), f. 254-5
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Fiji. Lectotype (Walls) in BMNH
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 44 x 28 mm
Nomenclature:An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus eburneus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-LithoconusSpecies:-eburneus crassus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Fiji, New Britain
Habitat:-Intertidal to about 65 m, mostly in 1-25 m. C. eburneus lives primarly in and on sand bottoms of subtidal reef flats, in sand-filled channels, large patches of sand and among weed on sandy or muddy substrate.
Description:-Source Living Conidae C. eburneus
C. e. crassus: Sides strongly convex below shoulder then concave; producing pyriform outline; spire higher and conical; spiral ridges developed; often has bright reddish brown or orange spots; black spots also found; Fiji to New Britain; uncommon
Shell Morphometry
L 35-63 mm
RW 0.23-0.73 g/mm
RD crassus 0.63-0.72
PMD crassus 0.81-0.89
RSH 0.02-0.10
Discussion:-No Data
Conus eburneus f. polyglotta Weinkauff, 1874
Pictures:
Picture Link: Cited Figure Thes Conch., pl. 12, f.248
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Jahrb. Dtsch. Malak. Ges. I, p. 244
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not Known
Type Data: There is no known specimen
Nomenclature:An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus eburneus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-LithoconusSpecies:-eburneus polyglotta forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines; C. Pacific
Habitat:-Shallow water
Description:-Source Living Conidae C. eburneus
C. e. polyglotta: Spots tend to fuse into long dashes or spiral bands in some or all rows;orange bands also fuse to give dark appearance; mainly Philippines
Discussion:-No Data
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Conus echinophilus Petuch, 1975
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in CAS Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Veliger xviii, no. 2, p. 180, f. 1-3, 7
Ocean geography:East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Near N'Gor Village, Cape Verde, Senegal, West Africa (14deg 43' N. 17deg 33' W)
Type Data: Holotype in CAS deposited and catalogued
Type Size:11x7mm
Nomenclature:An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-LautoconusSpecies:-echinophilus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Senegal, W. Africa
Habitat:-Cracks in rocky substrate near sea urchins.
Description:-Source: Original Description
Shell small, compact consisting of 6 whorls.Spire elevated comprising one third of total body length.Body whorl with 13-16 prominent raised spiral cords. Some of these are marked with alternating black and white dashes. Spire with 3 deeply impressed spiral sulci. Color light blue with a variable number of long dark brown or green flammules. Middle of body whorl encircled with white band. Spire blue with some dark brown flammules.
Source Pin and Tack
Shell solid, biconical, of 6-7 whorls. Shoulder relatively large, well rounded. Sides slightly convex, just a little bit narrowing at the base. Lip slightly enveloping, rounded upwards, and oblique in respect to the shoulder. Spire of medium height, regular. Suture quite deep. Aperture slightly flaring towards the base. Starting from the base, 10 to 12 small spiral cords climb as far as half or even two thirds of the last whorl. These cords are well rounded and, at least the first ones, perfectly evident to the naked eye.
Last whorl dark or bright brown (Somone) in colour. Against this background, at the inferior third of the world, a narrow white band is visible, and, around this band, white axial spots that sometimes reach the shoulder. Almost the entire surface of the last whorl is generally characterised by purple dashes alternating with small white ones. The spire is usually faded, but in some rare specimens the axial spots stay visible on almost all the whorls.
The interior of the aperture is purple, with two white bands: a larger one by the inferior third, the other very high by the shoulder. The lip is bordered inside by a narrow white band. In the specimens coming from Somone the interior is bluish and the edge is purplish.
Discussion:-
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Conus echo Lauer,1988
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in coll. C. Macca Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Rossiniana xlv, p. 9, figs.
Ocean geography:Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: North Somalia; See echo, Macca
Type Data: Holotype in coll. C. Macca deposited and catalogued
Type Size:41.5 x 22mm
Nomenclature:An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-DarioconusSpecies:-echo
Synonyms:-echoMacca, 1991
Geographic Range:-N & E Somalia
Habitat:-No data.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized to moderately large, moderately solid to solid. Last whorl ventricosely conical to conical in adult specimens, rather ovate in subadults; outline convex adapically, straight (right side) to slightly concave (left side) below. Aperture wider at base than near shoulder. Shoulder angulate. Spire low, outline concave. Maximum diameter of larval shell 1.1-1.2 mm. Teleoconch sutural ramps almost flat, with 4 weak spiral grooves or obsolete spiral sculpture in late whorls. Last whorl nearly smooth.
Colour orange to reddish or blackish brown. Last whorl pattern ranging from a few scattered white tents to 2 spiral tentmark zones, below centre and at base, and several axial groups of tents sometimes fusing into streaks. Darker spiral lines sparsely articulated with small white tents may occur within the dark zones. Basal part of columella white or orange-brown. Apex pink. Late sutural ramps matching last whorl in colour pattern. Aperture white.
Shell Morphometry
L 40-69 mm
RW 0.21-0.48 g/mm
RD 0.58-0.61
PMD 0.75-0.86
RSH 0.05-0.11
Medium sized and solid; ventricosely conical, ovate subadults; convex then straight,left concave; aperture wider at base; shoulder angulate; spire low concave; smooth whorl; orange to reddish brown with pattern ranging from few scattered white tents to 2 spiral tent zones at centre and base with several axial groups tending to fuse; Darker spiral lines articulated with small tents may occur in dark zones; apex pink; spire as body; aperture white.
Discussion:-C. echo, previously considered a form or subspecies of C. pennaceus (Lauer, 1988), rather deserves recognition as a valid species (Macca, 1991). C. pennaceus differs in its distinctly narrower larval shell (0.7-0.8 mm) and its usually domed early postnuclear whorls.
Conus echo Macca,1991
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Published in: Studio Editoriale Programma, p. 1, f. 1-8
Ocean geography:Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: East of Bosaso, region of Bari, Somalia
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size:58x31mm
Nomenclature: A homonym:- an invalid name, a homonym of C. echo Lauer,1988
Taxonomy: An invalid synonym:- a synonym of C. echo Lauer, 1988
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name
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Conus edaphus Dall,1910
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in USNM Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. xxxviii, p. 223
Ocean geography:Eastern Pacific
Type Locality: Clarion Is., Revillagigedo Is.
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size:24.5x14mm
Nomenclature:An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus tessulatus Born, 1778; raised to a valid species by Tucker, Tenorio & Chaney, 2011
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lithoconus Species:-tessulatus edaphus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Gulf of California to Panama
Habitat:-At depths of 5-30 m on coarse sand
Description:-Source Living Conidae C. tessulatus
Medium-sized to moderately large, moderately solid to moderately heavy. Last whorl conical to broadly conical, sometimes ventricosely or broadly and ventricosely conical; outline convex at subshoulder area, straight below. Shoulder subangulate to angulate. Spire of low to moderate height, outline concave. Larval shell multispiral, maximum diameter 0.7 mm. Teleoconch sutural ramps with 1 increasing to 2-4 spiral grooves, often 2 major grooves and additional spiral striae. Last whorl with variously spaced, weak or incised, often punctate spiral grooves on abapical third.
Ground colour white. Last whorl with spiral rows of orange to reddish brown rectangular spots or bars, often alternating with white markings. Dark markings usually cluster or fuse into spiral bands on each side of centre. Base light violet. Larval whorls grey to light orange. Teleoconch sutural ramps with radial markings matching bars on last whorl in size and colour. Aperture white, often suffused with violet or pink.
Shell Morphometry
L 30-82 mm
RW 0.13-0.83 g/mm
(L 30-67 mm)
RD 0.58-0.75
PMD 0.78-0.92
RSH 0.03-0.17
Discussion:-The Panamic shell C. edaphus is considered a valid species in the Iconography. It differs from the typical C. tessulatus by its darker coloration of brick red to purple and its shape which is wider with a lower spire.
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Conus ednae Petuch, 2013
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in FMNH D. Sargent
Published in: Biogeography and Biodiversity of Western Atlantic Mollusks; p. 218-219; p. 171, fig. 11.6, C & D
Ocean geography:Western Pacific
Type Locality:off Farol de São Tome, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
Type Data: Holotype in FMNH. deposited and catalogued
Type Size:29 x 15mm
Nomenclature:An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-SandericonusSpecies:-ednae
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Western Atlantic, Brazil
Habitat:-Trawled from 50 m depth
Description:-Source Original Description
Shiny, polished shell, slightly truncated in outline, with proportionally wide shoulder; early whorls of spire excerted and scalariform, with later whorls becoming distinctly flattened; shoulder sharply angled, edged with large rounded carina, producing distinctly canaliculated spire whorls; spire whorls ornamented with 3 thin spiral threads; anterior third of body whorl ornamented with numerous very low, faint spiral cords; shell color pale pinkish-white with 3 wide bands of pale orange amorphous flammules, one around edge of shoulder, one around midbody, and one around anterior third; 4 widely separated rows of pale orange-tan dots present on body whorl, with one row along anterior side of orange shoulder band, 2 rows on either side of midbody band, and one row along posterior side of anterior band; spire pinkish-white, with numerous evenly spaced orange crescent-shaped flammules; aperture uniformly narrow; interior of aperture white; protoconch proportionally large, rounded, composed of 2 whorls, tan in color.
Discussion:-
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Conus edpetuchi Monnier, Limpalaër, Roux & Berschauer, 2015
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Eric Monnier
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: The Festivus, Vol. 47, p. 51 -59, fig. 2 & 3
Ocean geography: Brazil
Type Locality:Off Cabo de Santa Marta Grande, Santa Catarina State, Brazil
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 60. 32 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILTHIDAESubFamily:- CONILITHINAE
Genus:-DalliconusSpecies:-edpetuchi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Brazil
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-Source Original Description
The new species is moderately large and the spire varies between 24 and 35% of the total length of the shell. The shape is very narrowly conical fusiform / aculeiform with a very high slightly concave turriculate spire, narrow shoulders, spiral ribs. The teleoconch whorls are piled and detached with about 5 to 6 spiral grooves on the sutural ramps. At two thirds (from top to base of the shell) of each teleoconch whorl a prominent subsutural ridge is undulated with around 25 to 30 small irregular beadlike nodules. The adult shells have about 13 to 15 whorls.The anal notch is deep and U-shaped and the origin of the lip has a receding profile.
The last whorl has sigmoid sides, convex between the slightly sucarinated shoulder margin and the mid last whorl then concave between the mid last whorl and the base. The surface of the entire is covered by numerous very tight spiral ribs (about 60) separated by deep axially very finely axially striated grooves. The aperture is very long, almost straight to slightly sinusoidal and does not widen anteriorly