Control Systems in Plants

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology Chapter 38

1)  What part of an angiosperm flower does the embryo sack form in?

2)  What is an incomplete flower?

3)  A. What is the difference between monoecious and dioecious plants?

B. What do they have in common?

4)  How does pollen sperm get from the stigma to the ovary and ovule?

5)  What is the theoretical evolutionary advantage of double fertilization?

6)  What are the parts of a seed? Include their functions.

7)  Describe how the following fruits develop:

Simple

Aggregate

Multiple

8)  How can an angiosperm insure that it does not self-pollinate?

9)  How do dormant seed start germination? Give the term and describe it.

10) What are the THREE types of vegetative reproduction, and how do they work?

11) What is the reason plant breeders have organized and maintain a "gene bank"?

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals Chapter 39

1)  How does a plant’s response to the environment differ from animal’s response to the environment?

2)  Why are hormones important to plants?

3)  Describe how experiments done by the following people, helped scientists understand how phototropism works. Include the experimental designs and results.

a.  Darwin & Darwin

b.  Boysen-Jensen

c.  Went

4)  What is the acid growth hypothesis?

5)  How can horticulturists promote the growth of adventitious root on a freshly cut stem?

6)  How do auxin and cytokinins work with/against each-other?

7)  How do gibberllins effect plant growth & development?

8)  What are the major effects of abscisic acid on plants?

9)  How have molecular biologists and genetic engineers modified plants to prevent fruit from ripening until it is ready to sell in the market?

10) What are the two types of plant movements? And how does each work?

11) What is the function of cryptochromes, and what signals do they respond to best?

12) What is the best explanation for the function of statoliths?

13) Describe how thigmotropism effects the growth of climbing vines, and non-vine plants.

14) Explain how motor organs can make leaves fold or move rapidly?

15) What are the evolutionary advantages of sleep movements? (the answer cannot be found directly from the reading)

16) What happens to a circadian rhythm when humans manipulate the length of a day in labs?

What conclusions have been inferred from such experiments?

17) The actual signal that controls the flowering of non day-neutral plants is______?

18) How is the critical night length used to classify plants as short-day or long-day

19) How can florists trick flowering plants to bloom on demand, and not just when it is their season. Use examples of both long and short day plants.

20) If a scientist takes sap from the phloem from a flowering plant and injects it into the phloem of a plant not exposed to the correct flowering photoperiod, what results do expect? Explain why. Also include if the type of photoperiod (long or short day) will make a difference in the results?

21) What two wavelengths (and colors) of light effect pytochromes? And how can they be used to antagonize each-other in a lab?

22) What type of photoperiods (long or short day plants) do you expect to find in the following biomes: (Explain why for each)

Tundra

Tropical rain forest

23) What are halophytes?

24) What is the function of heat-shock proteins?

25) How has the local vegetation adapted to our cold winters, which would kill vegetation from a tropical region?

26) List three methods that plants use to defend themselves against herbivores & give examples of each.