FOSS Science
Living Systems
CONTENT CHART -- Investigation 1, Part 1Circulation
What do cells need to stay alive? Water, food, gas exchange, and waste disposal
How do cells get the things they need to survive? The circulatory system delivers water, sugar, and oxygen to cells and carries waste carbon dioxide away from cells.
What is the general path taken by blood through the circulatory system? Path taken by the blood: from the body to the right atrium of the heart, to the right ventricle, to the lungs, to the left atrium, to the left ventricle, into arteries that flow into capillaries, which are in contact with cells. Blood returns to the heart in the veins.
What happens if waste products are not filtered from the blood? If too much waste builds up in cells, the cells will die.
Why is it important for blood to circulate through the lungs? It is important to remove CO2 from the blood, add O2 to the blood, and remove nutrients from the blood.
CONTENT CHART – Investigation 1, Part 2Digestion
How do cells in humans get the nutrients they need? The digestion system reduces food to nutrients. Nutrients pass out of the digestive system into the bloodstream for transport to all cells.
How does the digestive system work? Physical and chemical processes break complex food into simple substances as it progresses from the mouth through the esophagus to the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and colon.
How are cellular wastes removed from the blood? Blood filters through the kidneys, which remove cellular wastes, convert them to urine, and store them in the bladder.
CONTENT CHART – Investigation 2, Part 1Vascular Plants
What structures do vascular plants have for transporting water?Internal tubes called xylem carry water and minerals from plant roots to its leaves.
What structures do vascular plants have for transporting sugar? Internal tubes called phloem carry sugar-rich sap from a plant’s cells that produce sugar to its cells that do not produce sugar.
How are the circulatory system in animals and the vascular system in plants different from each other? The circulatory system transports blood around the body. The vascular system has two parts. Xylem transports water and minerals up, and phloem transports sugar down and to all the cells of the plant.
How are the circulatory system in animals and the vascular system in plants similar to each other? Both systems transport food and water to cells.
How does water in the ground travel to the leaves at the top of a tree? Water enters the tree through the roots. The water flows up the roots and tree in the xylem tubes. The xylem tubes carry the water all the way to the leaves at the top of the tree.
CONTENT CHART – Investigation 2, Part 2 Leaf Classification
How do scientists organize objects and information?Scientists classify things by putting them in groups or classes based on similar properties or behaviors.
CONTENT CHART – Investigation 3, Part 1 MakingSugar
What is photosynthesis? Photosynthesis is the process in which sugar (food) is made from carbon dioxide, water, and solar energy, and oxygen is released.
What are the products of photosynthesis? Oxygen, water, and sugar are the products of photosynthesis.
Where do each of the products of photosynthesis go? Oxygen goes into the air, water goes into cells and the air, and sugar goes into the phloem
Why do plants produce their own food? To provide food and energy to the cells of the plant
How do plants use the food produced in photosynthesis? When plant cells break down the sugar to CO2 and water, energy is released. The cells use the energy.
CONTENT CHART – Investigation 3, Part 2 Using Sugar
What is cellular respiration? Cellular respiration is the process by which plant and animal cells break down sugar to get energy, releasing carbon dioxide in the process.
What is sap and why do plants need it? Sap is excess sugar made in the leaves, the sugar rich liquid that flows form the phloem to plant cells that do not make their own food (sugar).
Photosynthesis:
6 CO2 + 12 H20 + solar energy C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O
carbon + water + light sugar + oxygen + water
dioxide