Contemporary Perspectives On
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Contemporary Perspectives on
Abnormal Behavior
Multiple-Choice Questions
Chapter Introduction
1.In the case study of “Jessica’s Little Secret,” Jessica’s bulimia is maladaptive in the 37
sense that it can lead to all of the following consequences EXCEPT ______. M,A,O
a.extreme loss of weightc.social problemsa
b.serious medical problemsd.decaying teeth
2. In thecase of“Jessica’s Little Secret,” Jessica wanted to stop herbulimic symptoms before 37
______.M,F,O
a.she entered collegec.she got marriedc
b.she obtained a jobd.she had to go into a hospital
3.In contemporary times, the understanding of abnormal behavior has been largely37
approached from each of the following perspectives EXCEPT the ______.E,F,O
a.biological perspectivec.sociocultural perspectived
b.psychological perspectived.demonological perspective
4.Some scholars first began looking for natural causes to abnormal behavior in ______.37
a.prehistoric timesc.the Dark AgesM,F,N
b.ancient timesd.the Renaissanceb
The Biological Perspective
5. The medical model represents a ______perspective on abnormal behavior. 38
a.phenomenological c.biological E,F,O
b.behavioral d.cognitive c
6.Our understanding of the biological underpinnings of abnormal behavior has ______in recent 38
years.E,F,N
a.been eliminatedc.remained unchangedd
b.declinedd.grown
7.The nervous system is made up of cells called ______.38
a.somasc.axonsE,F,O
b.neuronsd.synapsesb
8.Neurons are ______cells.38
a.glialc.adiposeE,C,N
b.connectived.nerveb
9.The part of the neuron that receives messages from other neurons is called the ______.38
a.nucleusc.dendriteM,C,O
b.axond.somac
10.The part of the neuron that transmits messages to other neurons is called the ______.38
a.nucleusc.dendriteM,C,O
b.axond.somab
11.Terminals are located in the ______.38
a.nucleusc.dendriteM,F,O
b.axond.somab
12.Neurons transmit messages to other neurons by means of chemical substances 38
known as ______.E,F,O
a.precursorsc.neurotransmittersc
b.hormonesd.peptides
13. Neurotransmitters induce ______in receiving neurons.38
a. dendritesc. chemical changesE,F,O
b. somasd. structural changesc
14. The junction between a transmitting neuron and a receiving neuron is called the ______.38
a.sheathc.hillockE,C,O
b.synapsed.knobb
15.The proper sequence of structures a neural message passes through as it moves from one 38
neuron to the next is ______.M,F,N
a.dendrite, cell body, axonc.axon, cell body, dendritea
b.dendrite, axon, cell bodyd.cell body, dendrite, axon
16.A receptor site is part of the ______.40
a.endocrine systemc.dendriteM,F,N
b.axond.cell bodyc
17.The part of a dendrite on a receiving neuron that is structured to receive a neurotransmitter40
is the ______.E,C,N
a.terminalc.myelin sheathb
b.receptor sited.hillock
18.A neuron receiving a message from another neuron is called ______.40
a.presynapticc.synapticM,C,O
b.quasisynapticd.postsynapticd
19.Each kind of neurotransmitter ______.40
a.is unique and will fit into only one type of receptor siteM,F,O
b.will fit into several types, but not most types of receptor sitesa
c.will fit into most, but not all types of receptor sites
d.will fit into every type of receptor site
20.The process of neurotransmitters being reabsorbed by the axon terminal is called ______.40
a.diffusionc.reuptakeM,C,O
b.recyclingd.regurgitationc
21.Depression and eating disorders have been linked to imbalances of ______.40
a.acetylcholinec.serotoninD,F,O
b.dopamined.epinephrinec
22. Two popular antidepressants, Prozac and Zoloft, increase the availability to thebrain of 40
______.D,F,O
a. acetylcholinec. serotoninc
b. dopamined. cortisol
23.Alzheimer's disease has been associated with deficiencies of ______.40
a.acetylcholinec.norepinephrineD,F,O
b.dopamined.serotonina
24.Schizophrenia has been linked to increased utilization of ______.40
a.acetylcholinec.norepinephrineD,F,O
b.dopamined.serotoninb
25.A neurotransmitter linked to anxiety disorders and depression is ______.40
a.thyroxinc.dopamineD,F,O
b.acetylcholined.serotonind
26.The two major parts that comprise the nervous system are the ______.40
a.sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systemsM,F,O
b.central and peripheral nervous systemsb
c.brain and spinal cord
d.autonomic and somatic nervous systems
27.The brain and spinal cord make up the ______nervous system.40
a.centralc.sympatheticE,F,O
b.somaticd.parasympathetica
28.The ______nervous system is made up of nerves that receive and transmit sensory40
messages to the brain.M,F,O
a.centralc.reticular b
b.peripherald.limbic
29.Each of the following is a part of the hindbrain EXCEPT______.41
a.the ponsc.the medullaM,F,O
b.the thalamusd.the cerebellumb
30.The medulla, pons, and cerebellum are all parts of the ______.41
a.forebrainc.midbrainM,C,N
b.prebraind.hindbraind
31.The ______plays a role in vital functions like heart rate, respiration, and bloodpressure.41
a.ponsc.medullaD,F,O
b.reticular activating systemd.cerebellumc
32.The ______transmits information about body movement and is involved in functions related 41
to attention, sleep, and respiration.D,F,O
a.ponsc.medullaa
b.thalamusd.cerebellum
33.The ______is located behind the pons and is involved in balance and motor behavior.41
a.cerebrumc.medullaM,F,O
b.reticular activating systemd.cerebellumd
34.Celia is having difficulty maintaining her balance and coordinating her muscle movements. 41
Assuming her problems result from a brain injury, one would first examine her ______.D,A,O
a.ponsc.medullad
b.thalamusd.cerebellum
35.The ______lies just above the hindbrain and contains neural pathways linking the hindbrain 41
to the upper regions of the brain.M,F,N
a.forebrainc.midbrainc
b.prebraind.underbrain
36. The ______extends from the hindbrain to the forebrain.41
a. ponsc. reticular activating systemM,F,O
b. medullad. cerebellumc
37.The ______plays vital roles in sleep, attention, and arousal.41
a.limbic systemc.medullaD,F,O
b.reticular activating systemd.cerebellumb
38.The ______relays messages to the cortex that heighten alertness.41
a.thalamusc.reticular activating systemM,F,O
b.hypothalamusd.limbic systemc
39.Depressant drugs, such as alcohol, lower activity in the ______.41
a.reticular activating systemc.cochleaD,F,O
b.amygdalad.optic chiasma
40.The reticular activating system is NOT part of the ______.41
a.forebrainc.midbrainM,C,N
b.prebraind.hindbrainb
41.Each of the following is in the forebrain EXCEPTthe ______. 42
a.cerebellumc.limbic systemD,F,O
b.cerebrumd.basal gangliaa
42.The ______relays sensory information from the sense organs (i.e., the eyes and ears) 42
to the cortex.D,F,O
a.thalamusc.basal gangliaa
b.hypothalamusd.cerebellum
43.The ______is involved in such functions as sleep and attention. 42
a.cingulate nucleusc.medullaD,F,R
b.thalamusd.cerebellumb
44.The______is a tiny structure located between the thalamus and the pituitary gland.42
a. cingulate gyrusc. hippocampusD,F,O
b. cerebellumd. hypothalamusd
45.The ______is vital in regulating body temperature, storage of nutrients, fluid 42
concentrations, and motivation and emotion.D,F,O
a.thalamusc.basal gangliab
b.hypothalamusd.cerebellum
46.The ______is involved in a range of motivational drives and behaviors, including 42
hunger, thirst, sex, parenting behaviors, and aggression.M,F,O
a.thalamusc.basal gangliab
b.hypothalamusd.cerebellum
47.The hypothalamus is part of the ______..42
a.limbic systemc.basal gangliaM,F,O
b.endocrine systemd.hindbraina
48.The ______plays a role in memory and in regulating basic drives involving hunger, thirst42
and aggression.D,F,O
a.basal gangliac.reticular activating systemd
b.cerebellumd.limbic system
49.The ______regulate(s) postural movements and coordination.42
a.basal gangliac.ponsD,F,O
b.thalamusd.limbic systema
50.The ______is your “crowning glory” and is responsible for most of your logical thought 42
processes.D,F,O
a.cerebrumc.corpus callosuma
b.cerebellumd.limbic system
51. The cerebral cortex makes up the surface of the ______.42
a. cerebrum c. corpus callosumE,F,O
b. cerebellum d. limbic systema
52. The deterioration of the basal ganglia is associated with ______.42
a. Alzheimer’s diseasec. Huntington’s diseaseD,F,O
b. Schizophreniad. Autismc
53.The ______has been implicated in certain types of sleep disorders.42
a.medullac.hippocampusD,F,N
b.amygdalad.hypothalamusd
54.The ______nervous system connects the brain to the outer world.43
a.intrinsicc.reactiveE,C,O
b.peripherald.connectiveb
55.The two major divisions of the peripheral nervous system are the ______nervous systems.43
a.sympathetic and somaticc.autonomic and somaticD,F,O
b.sympathetic and centrald.sympathetic and parasympatheticc
56.The ______nervous system transmits visual messages, auditory messages, and43
information such as body position and temperature to the brain.D,C,O
a.somaticc.sympathetica
b.autonomicd.parasympathetic
57. Winking is controlled by the ______nervous system.43
a. parasympatheticc. somaticD,A,O
b. sympatheticd. autonomicc
58.Messages from the brain to the ______nervous system regulate intentional body 43
movements like raising an arm, walking, etc.D,F,O
a.somaticc.sympathetica
b.centrald.parasympathetic
59.The ______nervous system regulates the glands and involuntary activities such as 43
heart rate, digestion, and pupil dilation.D,C,O
a.somaticc.centralb
b.autonomicd.limbic
60.The ______nervous system is also known as the “automatic” nervous system.43
a.centralc.autonomicM,C,N
b.somaticd.endocrinec
61.The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are part of the ______nervous system.43
a.centralc.autonomicM,C,N
b.somaticd.endocrinec
62.The autonomic nervous system has two branches, the ______.43
a.central and peripheralc. somatic and sympathetic E,C,O
b. somatic and peripherald. sympathetic and parasympatheticd
63.Allen is in his house alone late at night when he hears a loud, frightening noise. His 43
heart begins pounding, his senses sharpen, and his muscles tense up. Allen's reaction D,A,O
is due to the activity of his ______nervous system.a
a.sympatheticc.somatic
b.parasympatheticd.central
64.Len sits down to relax in his easy chair after a long, hard day at work. As he sits reading43
his paper, he grows more relaxed. His breathing and heart rate slow down, and his muscles D,A,O
loosen. Len's relaxation is due to the activity of his ______nervous system.b
a.sympatheticc.somatic
b.parasympatheticd.central
65.When we relax, the ______decelerates the heart rate.43
a. ponsc. parasympathetic nervous systemM,F,O
b. cerebellumd. right hemispherec
66.During processes that replenish energy reserves, such as digestion, ______.43
a.neither the sympathetic nor the parasympathetic divisions are activeM,F,N
b.the sympathetic division is most activec
c.the parasympathetic division is most active
d.both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are equally active
67.When we are anxious or fearful, ______.43
a.neither the sympathetic nor the parasympathetic divisions are activeM,F,N
b.the sympathetic division is most activeb
c.the parasympathetic division is most active
d.both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are equally active
68.Each hemisphere of the cerebrum is divided into ______lobes.43
a.twoc.sixE,F,O
b.fourd.eightb
69.The visual processing area of the cortex lies in the______lobe.43
a.frontalc.temporalM,C,O
b.parietald.occipitald
70.The occipital lobe is primarily involved in processing ______.43
a.sensations of touch and painc.auditory stimuliM,C,O
b.muscle controld.visual stimulid
71.Susan was in a serious car accident and lost her vision as a result of the injuries she 43
sustained. Susan apparently suffered damage to her ______.D,A,O
a.amygdalac.occipital lobec
b.prefrontal cortexd.temporal lobe
72.The auditory area of the cortex lies in the ______lobe.43
a.frontalc.temporalM,C,O
b.parietald.occipitalc
73.Maria accidentally collided with a tree while she was skiing and subsequently lost some43
of her ability to hear. Maria’s accident most likely resulted in damage to her ______.D,A,O
a.temporal lobec.parietal lobea
b.occipital lobed.frontal lobe
74.The area of the cortex involved in the skin senses is the ______lobe. 43
a.frontalc.temporalM,C,O
b.parietald.occipitalb
75.The parietal lobe is involved in processing ______.43
a.visual stimulic.muscle controlM,C,O
b.auditory stimulid.sensations of touch, temperature and paind
76.The sensory area of the ______lobe receives messages from skin sensors all over the body.43
a.parietalc.frontalM,F,O
b.temporald.occipital a
77. Ever since John had a stroke, he must be careful when cooking on the stove because he 43
cannot feel hot temperatures and he could burn himself. Most likely John has suffered D,A,O
damage to his ______.c
a.prefrontal cortexc.parietal lobe
b.frontal lobed.temporal lobe
78.The area of the cortex most involved in memory, speech, language, and the controlling of 43
voluntary muscle response is the ______lobe.M,C,O
a.frontalc.temporala
b.parietald.occipital
79 The prefrontal cortex lies in front of the ______.43
a.occipital lobec. motor cortexD,F,O
b.parietal lobed. cerebellumc
80 The ______is involved in higher mental functions like use of language and thought.43
a.limbic systemc. cerebellumM,C,O
b.parasympathetic nervous systemd. prefrontal cortexd
81.The motor cortex is part of the ______lobe.43
a.frontalc.temporalM,F,N
b.parietald.occipitala
82.The ______is involved in higher mental functions such as thinking, problem solving,43
and use of language.M,C,O
a.frontal lobec.amygdalab
b.prefrontal cortexd.occipital lobe
83.Genetic influences are thought to be implicated in all of the following disorders 43
EXCEPT______. M,F,O
a.major depressionc.anxiety disordersb
b.narcissistic personality disorderd.autism
84.Unlike most psychological disorders, Alzheimer’s disease ______.43
a. involves only one area of the brainM,F,O
b. requires an interaction between biological processes and environmentd
c. does not involve personality changes
d. is caused chiefly by biological processes
The Psychological Perspective – Psychodynamic Models
85.Biological models of abnormality became prominent in the late ______century.45
a.17thc.19thM,F,N
b.18thd.20thc
86.Psychodynamic theory is based upon the contributions of ______.45
a.Sigmund Freudc.Ivan PavlovE,F,O
b.Carl Rogersd.Freidrich Mesmera
87.Freud developed the belief that hysteria and other psychological problems are derived45
from ______.E,F,O
a.genetic predispositionsc.brain abnormalities d
b.environmental learningd.unconscious conflicts
88.According to Freud, unconscious motives and conflicts revolve around ______.45
a.a drive for self-actualizationE,F,N
b.primitive sexual and aggressive instinctsb
c.learned motives
d.irrational thinking
89. Freud’s theory asserts that our awareness of our basic urges would cause us ______.45
a. insightc. anxietyM,F,O
b. depressiond.catharsisc
90.According to Freud, in a disorder such as hysteria, ______.45
a.the sufferer is overwhelmed by negative environmental stimuliE,C,N
b.the symptoms result from a physiological breakdown in the neural pathways of the d
cerebral cortex
c.sufferers consciously uses illness to manipulate others into paying attention to them
d.the “symptom” represents the conversion of an unconscious psychological conflict into
a physical symptom.
91.According to Freud, the mind can be likened to a(n) ______.45
a.forestc.winding riverE,F,O
b.icebergd.lunar eclipseb
92.According to Freud, the largest part of the mind is the ______.45
a.consciousc.preconsciousM,F,O
b.superconsciousd.unconsciousd
93.Which of the following is NOTone of the three regions of the mind described by Freud?45
a.the consciousc.the preconsciousE,F,O
b.the superconsciousd.the unconsciousb
94.A region of the mind that corresponds to one’s present awareness is called ______.45
a.consciousc.superegoE,F,O
b.superconsciousd.hypothalamusa
95.According to Freud, the ______is the part of the mind where we can find memories that we 45
are not aware of, but we can bring these memories into our awareness by focusing on them. E,C,O
a.consciousc.preconsciousc
b.subconsciousd.unconscious
96.According to Freud, the part of the mind that is largely hidden and can only be brought 45
into awareness with great difficulty is the ______.E,C,O
a.consciousc.preconsciousd
b.superconsciousd.unconscious
97.Freud believed that the ______is the repository of biological drives, or instincts, such45
as sex and aggression.M,F,O
a.consciousc.preconsciousd
b.superconsciousd.unconscious
98.According to Freud, the personality is divided into ______psychic structures.46
a.twoc.fourM,F,N
b.threed.fiveb
99.Which of the following is NOT one of the psychic structures that comprise personality, 46
according to Freud?M,F,N
a.the idc.the superegob
b.the personad.the ego
100.According to Freud, the only psychic structure present at birth is the ______.46
a.idc.egoM,F,R
b.superegod.personaa
101.According to Freud, the id follows the ______principle.46
a.moralc.pleasureM,F,O
b.rationald. realityc
102.According to Freud, the ______follows the pleasure principle.46
a.idc.egoM,F,N
b.superegod.personaa
103.An infant demands instant gratification of its needs without consideration of social 46
customs or the needs of others. The infant is responding to the ______principle.E,C,O
a.survivalc.Peterd
b.realityd.pleasure
104.Freud asserts that the ______is the repository of our baser drives and instinctual impulses.46
a.idc.superegoM,C,N
b.personad.egoa
105.According to Freud, during the first year of life, the ______develops to organize 46
reasonable ways to deal with frustration.M,C,R
a.idc.egoc
b.personad.superego
106.According to Freud, the ego ______.46
a. is present at birthc.develops in the second year of lifeM,F,O
b. develops during the first year of lifed.develops in late childhoodb
107.According to Freud, the ego is governed by the ______principle.46
a.economicc.moral E,F,O
b.realityd.pleasure b
108.According to Freud, the ______is governed by the reality principle.46
a.idc.egoE,F,O
b.personad.superegoc
109. The psychic principle that operates by balancing fantasies with what is practical and 46
possible is the ______principle.E,C,O
a.pleasurec.moralb
b.realityd.reciprocity
110.According to Freud, the psychic structure that stands for “reason and good sense” is the 46
______.M,C,N
a.idc.egoc
b.superegod.persona
111.Greg has always been taught that stealing was wrong. However, there is a rock video that he 46
wants very badly. He sits down and plans a way to earn some money by getting a job so that M,A,O
he won't have to steal the video. Greg's planning most likely arises from his ______.b
a.id c.superego
b.egod.collective unconscious
112.According to Freud, the superego develops during ______.46
a. infancyc.middle childhoodM,F,O
b.early childhoodd.adolescencec
113.Moral standards and values of a child's parents and other important people in his or her life46
become internalized during ______.D,F,O
a.adolescencec.middle childhoodc
b.late childhoodd.early childhood
114.According to Freud, a child's moral standards become internalized through the formation of 46
the ______.E,C,O
a.id c.superegoc
b.egod.alter-ego
115.The superego serves as the______.46
arational adult in youc.primitive beast inside youM,F,O
b.emotional child in youd.moral conscience in youd
116.The conscience is most associated with the ______.46
a.ego c.animusE,F,O
b.superegod.pleasure principleb
117.Which Freudian construct endeavors to satisfy cravings without offending moral standards? 46
a. egoc. idE,F,O
b. superegod. fixationa
118.Chandler has always been taught that stealing was wrong. However, while shopping at the 46
video store, he sees a video that he wants so badly that, on an impulse, he steals it. Later M,A,O
on he feels guilty about what he has done. Chandler's guilt arises from his ______.c
a.idc.superego
b.egod.alter-ego
119.Rachel’s boyfriend is pressing her to have sex, but her parents have brought her up46
to believe that premarital sex is wrong. She is very tempted. Which FreudianM,A,R
psychic structure would determine Rachel’s method of handling this situation?b
a. idc. superego
b. egod. persona
120.Freud believed we protect ourselves from allowing socially unacceptable wishes or 46
impulses that would be inconsistent with our moral values or social responsibilitiesM,F,O
from rising into conscious awareness through the use of ______.b
a.response setsc.secondary process thinking
b.defense mechanismsd.primary process thinking
121.The ego uses defense mechanisms to ______.46
a.prevent socially unacceptable desires from reaching the unconscious parts of the mindM,C,O
b.prevent socially unacceptable desires from rising into consciousnessb