Seventh Framework Programme (EU) / Predict-IV, an initiative within the 7th Framework programme is focused on the establishment of new in-vitro toxicity screening models including proximal tubular epithelial cells, by combining classical methods with new Omics-technologies.
Critical Path Initiative (US-FDA) / The Critical Path Initiative was founded in March 2004, with the release of a white paper by the FDA, which called attention to a decline in the number of medical product submitted for FDA approval. The FDA´s effort to facilitate and stimulate a national exploit to develop the scientific processes through which a drug candidate, biological product or medical device can be transferred from the discovery phase to the "proof of concept" into the market release.
Critical Path Institute/ Predictive Safety Testing Consortium (USA) / The Goal of the Institute was and still is to reduce adverse effect by drug interactions and
to improve therapeutic outcomes to enhance the developmental process up to the submission to the FDA. The PSTC was directly involved in the dialog to FDA and EMA while the qualification process of the 7 novel accepted biomarkers.
Toxicogenomics Project (Japan) / The Aim of the in 2002 founded Toxicogenomics Project was the creation of a toxicology database for Nephro- and Hepatotoxicity that enables both forward and reverse toxicology. The cooperative research project joined national and private companies.
International Life Science Institute/
Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (international) / The Health and Environmental Sciences Institute is a non-profit institution of the International Life
Science Institute to build an international forum for e.g. safety assessment and toxicology to enhance the understanding of the underlying scientific issues. In 1998the "Nephrotoxicity Working Group" was the first systematic approach to understand the mechanism of nephrotoxicity and to identify diagnostic biomarkers.
Innomed Consortium (EU) / The InnoMed PredTox project was a joint European Commission and Industry collaboration (Framework 6 programme) to enhance drug safety. 10 Pharmaceutical companies together with 3 academic institutions and 3 technology providers analysed hundreds of samples to prevalidate biomarkers previous identified and to discover the underlying mode of action of the test compounds (failed drug-candidates for the pharmaceutical partners).
Supplementary Table II. An overview of international projects focused on the identification of biomarkers for the detection of nephrotoxicity using novel technologies like toxicogenomic and -proteomics