Concept ReviewResearch in Psych, 4e: Study Guide, Chapter 22-1
After you finish reading and studying each main section of the chapter, print out this document and answer the following questions to test your comprehension.
- Developing the APA Code of Ethics
- With regard to ethics, how did John Watson justify completing the Little Albert study? (p. 38)
- The work of the Hobbs committee in developing APA’s first ethics code is a good illustration of Chapter’s 1’s description of research psychologists as “data-driven.” Explain. (p. 39)
- The code distinguishes between general principles and specific standards. Distinguish between principles and standards. Hint: think of the terms “aspirational” and “enforceable.” (p. 39)
- The most code has 5 general principles. Describe them, as they apply to the research environment. (p. 39)
- Ethical Guidelines for Research with Humans
- Before undertaking any research project in psychology, researchers must deal with a fundamental dilemma. What is it? (p. 41)
- What is the role of an IRB and who is on a typical IRB? (p. 43)
- What determines whether and IRB will undertake an expedited or a formal review? (p. 43)
- Why are some psychologists critical of IRBs? (p. 43)
- How does an IRB decide between studies involving “minimal risk” and studies in which participants will be “at risk?” (p. 44)
- How do research psychologists use the term informed consent? (p. 45)
- How do research psychologists justify the use of deception in research? Use the Milgram study as an example. (p. 46)
- Evaluate the alternatives to deception that have been proposed. (p. )
- In the latest version of the code, what special provisions have been included for research evaluating the effectiveness of a new treatment program? (p. 48)
- What are the elements that are included in any informed consent form for use with adult research participants? (p. 49)
- Under what circumstances is informed consent not required? (p. 48)
- How did those completing the Willowbrook and Tuskegee studies justify their research and how was their rationale different from the one used for MK-ULTRA? (p. 50)
- How does consent with adults different from consent when children are used as participants? (p. 52)
- What is involved in a typical debriefing session? (p. 53)
- How is confidentiality protected in a typical experiment, and when must the researcher break confidentiality? (p. 55)
- Describe the ethical problems that occur in research using the internet (p. 55)
- Ethical Guidelines for Research with Animals
- Those arguing against the use of animals in research vary in terms of the strength of their arguments. How do moderately opposed advocates differ from the absolutely opposed? (p. 59)
- In his defense of the use of animals in research in psychology, Miller makes three points. What are they? (p. 60)
- What does the ethics code for animals have in common with the code for humans? What is the most obvious difference? (p. 62)
- What does the code say about the use of animals for educational purposes? (p. 63)
- The APA developed guidelines for the use of animals before they development an ethics code for human research. What were the elements of the first animal code? (p. 59)
- Scientific Fraud
- How does research fraud differ from carelessness and what are the two main varieties of fraud in psychological research? (p. 63)
- It is generally believed that when researchers falsify data, they will be discovered in one of three ways? What are they? (p. 64)
- Assuming for the moment that the Burt case illustrates data falsification, what does the case point out about the difficulty of detecting fraud? (p. 65)
- How does the reward system for researchers increase the chances of data falsification? (p. 66)
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