COMPREHENSIVE FINAL

2013/14

Chapter 2- Light

  1. Define energy
  2. Illustrate the Electromagnetic Spectrum
  3. What are the different colors of visible light?
  4. Describe and illustrate what can happen to light as it strikes an object
  5. Define pigment
  6. Define medium
  7. Illustrate refraction
  8. Illustrate and label the parts of the eye
  9. Describe the function of the following parts of the eye- cornea, iris, pupil, lens, retina, optic nerve
  10. What are the 2 types of receptor cells that you find in the retina and what does each detect?

Chapter 3- Cell

  1. Prokayotevs Eukaryote
  2. What piece of equipment was necessary for the discovery of the cell? Why was it necessary?
  3. Where did the word cell come from?
  4. Give an example of an organism that is unicellular and one that is multicellular.
  5. What are the 3 part of the cell theory?
  6. Put the following in order from the smallest to the largest- organism, cell, organ system, organ, tissue, nucleus
  7. Define organelle
  8. What are 2 organelles that a plant cell has that an animal cell does not? What is the function of each?
  9. Illustrate and describe the function of each of the following organelles- nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes, chloroplast, vacuole
  10. Define and give an example of each of the following compounds that you find in the cell- carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids.
  11. What is the relationship between proteins and amino acids? Starches and sugars?
  12. Name and describe the 2 types of nucleic acids.
  13. What is meant by selectively permeable?
  14. Define diffusion, osmosis, active transport and passive transport

Chapter 4- Cell Processes

  1. Define and give the chemical equation for photosynthesis. Where in the cell does it take place?
  2. Give an example of a heterotroph and an autotroph
  3. What is chlorophyll and what does it do?
  4. Define respiration and give the chemical equation for it. Where in the cell does it take place?
  5. What is fermentation? Lactic Acid fermentation?
  6. Name the 3 stages of the cell cycle
  7. What is DNA replication?
  8. What are the 4 phases of mitosis?
  9. What happens during cytokinesis?
  10. How long does each stage of the cell cycle take?
  11. Illustrate a piece of DNA that is 4 base pairs long.
  12. Explain what differentiation is. Where do you think the word came from(what word does it look like that you know?) Give 3 examples of specialized cells.
  13. Define stem cell

Chapter 5- Genetics

  1. Hybrid, purebred, dominant, recessive, phenotype, genotype, homozygous, heterozygous,
  2. Know how to use a punnett square
  3. Mendel’s Experiments

P generation

F1 generation

F2 generation

  1. Meiosis- Where, when, what, who, why???????
  2. Plant reproduction- pollen, ovule, ovary, fruit, stamen, pistil
  3. Protein synthesis- Chromosome, gene, protein, amino acids, mRNA, tRNA, ribosome, DNA, transcription, translation, cytoplasm, nucleus.
  4. DNA and RNA’s Nitrogenous bases A, T, C, G and U and the rules .
  5. Types and effects of mutations
  6. Diabetes, Hemophilia, sex chromosomes, karyotype

Chapter 9- Viruses and Bacteria

  1. Illustrate the parts of a virus
  2. Describe how viruses reproduce and cause illness
  3. Explain how vaccines work
  4. Bacteria and how they can become antibiotic resistance
  5. Bacteria and how they are related to

You(skin, intestine)

Oxygen production

Food production

Pasteurization

Medicine production (genetic engineering)

  1. Sexual vs Asexual reproduction.
  2. Food safety rules…..

Frog- Anatomy and Physiology

DNA Extraction