COMPLETE PARACHUTE SOLUTIONS
1320 International Speedway Blvd.
Deland FL. 32724
Emergency Procedures
LESSON TITLE: EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
LESSON DESIGNATOR:
TOTAL LESSON TIME: 1.25 HOURS
REFERENCES:
INSTRUCTOR PREPARATION:
1. 1 PRIMARY INSTRUCTOR, POWER POINT PRESENTATION
2. CLASSROOM CAPABLE OF HOLDING 40 STUDENTS
3. EACH STUDENT’S GEAR WILL BE PRE-STAGED FOR PRACTICAL APPLICATION
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS: NONE
LOCATION OF TESTS: N/A
INTRODUCTION (5 MIN)
1. GAIN ATTENTION. To the average person jumping out of an aircraft doesn’t seam to be very safe, however jumping out of an aircraft can be safer than driving your car down the road. As we all know, Murphy can show his ugly head at any time. There are individuals who have over 1,000 jumps without a single malfunction, but there are also individuals who have had a malfunction on their very first jump. The point is, it doesn’t matter how many jumps you have, if you are properly trained you will be able to identify and react to any malfunction that you encounter during jump operations.
2. OVERVIEW. Good Morning, my name is ______. Over the next hour and fifteen minutes you will learn the proper action to take in dealing with an emergency that can take place, in-flight, during exit, under canopy, and during landing.
3. LEARNING OBJECTIVES.
A. TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE (S):
(1) Execute in-flight emergency procedures per the reference.
(2) Execute post-exit emergency procedures per the reference.
(3) Execute post-opening emergency procedures per the reference.
(4) Execute emergency landing procedures per the reference.
B. ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE(S):
(1) In-Flight
a. Properly respond to a crash landing.
b. Properly respond to an emergency bailout.
c. Properly respond to a premature deployed main or reserve canopy inside the aircraft with the ramp or doors open or closed.
(2) Post-Exit
(Double Bag Static Line)
a. Properly respond to being a towed jumper.
b. Properly respond to a total malfunction.
c. Properly to a horseshoe malfunction.
d. Properly respond to a bag lock.
e. Properly respond to a dual canopy deployment.
(3) Post-Opening
a. Properly respond line twist.
b. Properly respond to canopy rips or tears.
c. Properly respond to premature brake release.
d. Properly respond to broken control line(s).
e. Properly respond to knotted or broken suspension line(s).
f. Properly respond to a streamer.
g. Properly respond to slider up, end cell closure, drogue chute over the nose of the canopy.
h. Properly respond to avoid a collision.
i. Properly respond to an entanglement above 2500 ft. AGL.
j. Properly respond to an entanglement below 2500 ft. AGL.
k. Properly respond to neither jumper having a good canopy.
(4) Landings
a. Properly respond to a wire landing.
b. Properly respond to a tree landing.
c. Properly respond to a water landing.
d. Properly respond to a high wind landing.
e. Properly respond to recovery from a drag.
f. Properly respond to an obstacle landing.
4. METHOD/MEDIA. This class will be taught using the lecture method using a Power Point Presentation.
5. EVALUATION. You will be evaluated on this lesson during the practical application portion at the end of this class, and throughout the course when you prepare your equipment for the Jump Master Personnel inspection.
TRANSITION: Are there any questions about what we are going to talk about?
BODY (50 MIN)
1. In-flight emergency procedures. All though 98% of airborne emergencies take place after the jumper has exited the aircraft, there are a few emergencies that can take place aboard the aircraft while it is in-flight, to include take-off and landing. It is imperative that you keep your eyes on the Jump Master at all times while aboard an aircraft.
A. Crash Landing:
(1) If there is an emergency during take off, you will assume the emergency landing position (DEMO). You will wait for the aircraft to come to a complete stop at which time you will exit and assemble in a safe direction that is indicated by the Jump Master or crew chief, and conduct a head count.
(2) Emergencies, between 0-2,000 ft. AGL. All jumpers will assume the emergency landing position and remain seated with seat belts fasten, until the aircraft comes to a complete stop. At that time all jumpers will exit and assemble in a safe direction indicated by the Jump Master or crew chief.
B. Emergency Bailout:
(1) Emergencies, between 2,000-3,000 ft. AGL. The Jump Master will give the emergency bail out signal by extending his arm straight up and moving it in a circular motion with index finger pointed. He will then place a clinched fist by his reserve ripcord and thrust his arm out to the side. Exit on the Jump Master’s command, clear the aircraft, and pull the reserve ripcord. Once under canopy, attempt to land with other jumpers and assemble for a head count.
(2) Emergencies, from 3,000 ft. AGL and above. The Jump Master will give the emergency bail out signal by extending his arm straight up and moving it in a circular motion with index finger pointed. If time permits, jump commands will be given. During freefall operations Jump Master will make a clinch fist and motion for main deployment. Static line operations the jumpers will stand up and hook up and exit on the Jump Master’s command. Once under canopy, attempt to land with other jumpers and assemble for a head count. If time does not permit, the Jump Master will place a clinched fist by his reserve ripcord and thrust his arm out to the side. Exit on the Jump Master’s command, clear the aircraft, and pull the reserve ripcord. Once under canopy, attempt to land with other jumpers and assemble for a head count.
C. Prematurely Deployed Canopy inside the Aircraft:
(1) In the event a main or reserve parachute prematurely deploys inside the aircraft, the first person to notice will shout, “pilot chute!” and attempt to contain the pilot/parachute.
(2) Notify the Jump Master immediately to ensure the ramp/doors remain closed.
(3) The jumper will be moved to a safe location inside the aircraft (aircraft dependant). If the D- bag is out, the main will be cutaway and placed inside a kit bag. If the reserve pilot chute is deployed the jumper will remove their equipment, place it in their kit bag, sit with seat belt fastened, and land with the aircraft. If the drogue parachute is deployed the drogue will be repacked and the jumper will land with the aircraft.
NOTE: IF AT ANYTIME THE PILOT/PARACHUTE GETS OUTSIDE THE AIRCRAFT, THE JUMPER WILL EXIT IMMEDITLY.
TRANSITION: Are there any questions about in-flight emergencies? If not, let’s talk about the emergencies that you may encounter on exit.
2. Post-Exit Emergency Procedures. (Double Bag Static Line)
A. Malfunctions: There are two types of malfunctions.
(1) Total malfunction is defined as: Canopy that remains in the container assembly after the main closing pin has been pulled.
(2) Partial malfunction is defined as: Container assembly opens, but the canopy does not fully or properly deploy.
a. If the jumper has a total malfunction, he should immediately cutaway and deploy his reserve parachute.
b. If the jumper has a partial malfunction he will execute cutaway procedures. Cutaway procedures are as follows:
1. Look - Identify red cutaway pillow.
2. Grab - Grab red cutaway pillow with your right hand.
3. Look - Identify silver reserve ripcord handle.
4. Grab - Grab silver reserve ripcord pillow with left hand.
5. ARCH
6. Peel - Red cutaway pillow down.
7. Pull - Pull red cutaway pillow to full arm extension and throwaway.
8. Pull - Pull silver reserve ripcord to full arm extension and throwaway.
9. Check - Check for reserve pilot chute deployment.
B. Towed Jumper:
(1) The jumper that is being towed will assume a tight body position.
(2) If being retrieved remain in a tight body position until inside the aircraft.
(3) If landing with rotary wing aircraft, remain in this position until contact with the ground is made, then move clear of the aircraft.
(4) Be prepared to execute the proper emergency procedure if you are cut free of the aircraft.
C. Horseshoe Malfunction: When the main parachute or suspension lines are caught on you or your equipment.
(1) Execute cutaway procedures immediately. Look, Grab, Look, Grab, Arch, Peel, Pull, Throwaway, Pull, Throwaway, and Check.
D. Bag lock: Canopy remains in the bag after the main pin has been pulled.
(1) Execute cutaway procedures. Look, Grab, Look, Grab, Arch, Peel, Pull, Throwaway, Pull, Throwaway, and Check.
TRANSITION: Are there any questions about the emergencies that you may encounter after exit? Now let’s talk about the emergencies that you may encounter under canopy and landing.
3. Post-opening emergency procedures.
NOTE: ATTEMPT TO CLEAR ALL MALFUNCTIONS ONLY TWICE. ALL CUTAWAYS MUST BE INITIATED BY 2,500 ft. AGL.
A. Line twist: If after exit you discover you have line twist.
(1) Reach up with both hands and separate the risers.
(2) Use a kicking motion to untwist the lines.
(3) Do not release the brakes until line twist are cleared.
(4) Maintain altitude awareness, if unable to clear twist by 2,500 ft. AGL.
(5) Execute cutaway procedures. Look, Grab, Look, Grab, Arch, Peel, Pull, Throwaway, Pull, Throwaway, and Check.
B. Closed end cells, Hung slider, Pilot/Drogue chute over the nose: If you notice you have closed end cells, a hung slider or drogue chute over the nose.
(1) Pull both toggles down to the full brake position for 2-4 seconds.
(2) Let the toggles up slowly; repeat this process twice.
(3) Conduct a canopy controllability check.
(4) If the canopy is uncontrollable; Execute cutaway procedures. Look, Grab, Look, Grab, Arch, Peel, Pull, Throwaway, Pull, Throwaway, and Check.
C. Rips or Tears: If during your canopy check you notice a rip or a tear in the bottom skin of your canopy.
(1) Check your rate of descent with other jumpers.
(2) If you are descending faster than other jumpers or if your canopy is uncontrollable,
(3) Execute cutaway procedures. Look, Grab, Look, Grab, Arch, Peel, Pull, Throwaway, Pull, Throwaway, and Check.
(4) NOTE: If you notice a rip or a tear in the top skin of your canopy, execute cutaway procedures. Look, Grab, Look, Grab, Arch, Peel, Pull, Throwaway, Pull, Throwaway, and Check.
D. Premature brake release: If one control line releases on opening.
(1) Immediately release the other control lines.
(2) Conduct a canopy controllability check if the canopy is uncontrollable.
(3) Execute cutaway procedures. Look, Grab, Look, Grab, Arch, Peel, Pull, Throwaway, Pull, Throwaway, and Check.
E. Broken control lines: If you notice that you have a broken control line.
(1) Release the brakes and steer with the good toggle and the rear riser of side of the broken control line.
(2) Determine the stall point at a safe altitude using the rear riser.
(3) Flare the parachute for landing with both rear risers.
F. Knotted or Broken suspension lines: If you notice you have knotted or broken suspension lines.
(1) Conduct a canopy controllability check if the canopy is uncontrollable.
(2) Execute cutaway procedures. Look, Grab, Look, Grab, Arch, Peel, Pull, Throwaway, Pull, Throwaway, and Check.
G. Streamer: If the main parachute elongates from the bag but does not open.
(1) Grasp the toggles and pull down for two to four seconds twice if the parachute does not deploy after two attempts.
(2) Execute cutaway procedures. Look, Grab, Look, Grab, Arch, Peel, Pull, Throwaway, Pull, Throwaway, and Check.
H. Dual canopy deployment: both the main and reserve canopies deploy.
(1) Reach up with the left hand and separate the canopies by pulling on the outside rear riser of one of the canopies.
(2) Ensure that canopies are not entangled.
(3) Once the canopies are separated, activate the cutaway handle. Never activate the cutaway handle with the main canopy in front of the reserve canopy, the main will release into the reserve causing both canopies to collapse.
(4) If the canopies can not be separated, fly the dominate canopy.
(5) If the main canopy deploys and the reserve partially deploys, but does not fully inflate, slow the main canopy to prevent the reserve from deploying, then attempt to pull in reserve D-bag and hold it between your legs.
(6) Be prepared to cutaway the main canopy if the reserve canopy inflates.
I. Entanglement with another parachutist:
(1) Always, attempt to steer clear of other parachutists by turning away.
(2) Higher jumper has the right away. If collision with another parachutist is imminent, assume the spread eagle position.
(3) Ensure that you protect your handles and attempt to bounce off the other parachutist canopy.
(4) If line entanglement occurs, attempt to free yourself.
(5) Communication between jumpers and altitude awareness are critical to successful disengagement.
J. Entanglements above 2,500 ft. AGL: if the lower jumper becomes entangled with higher jumper and higher jumper has a good canopy (above 2,500 ft. AGL):
(1) The higher jumper attempts to clear the entanglement.
(2) If the entanglement is cleared the canopy should re-inflate.
(3) If it can’t be cleared, check altitude at 2,500 ft. or above the lower jumper.
(4) Execute cutaway procedures. Look, Grab, Look, Grab, Arch, Peel, Pull, Throwaway, Pull, Throwaway, and Check.
K. Entanglements below 2,500 ft. AGL:
(1) The lower jumper will land with the higher jumper.
(2) The lower jumper should jettison his equipment if worn.
(3) The higher jumper should fly final approach and land with half brakes.
(4) Both jumpers should execute a PLF.
L. Both jumpers are entangled and neither has a good canopy:
(1) The higher jumper has cutaway priority he should free himself of the entangled lines and cutaway altitude permitting.
(2) Lower jumper should cutaway after the higher jumper altitude permitting.
(3) The higher jumper maybe fatally engulfed in the lower jumper’s canopy if the lower jumper cuts away first.
(4) If impact with the ground is imminent both jumpers should deploy their reserve.