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Competency Goal # 3: DNA, Protein Synthesis, Genetics, Biotechnology and Evolution
- DNA is ______. It contains the information on how to make ______.
- DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)forms a ______.
- DNA consists of a ______, ______, ______.
- DNA Bases are: ______, ______, ______, ______.
- A nucleotide is made up of a ______.
- Hydrogen Bonds: ______attach the two strands of the ______molecule.
7. Every three nitrogen bases is the code for ______. An error in a nitrogen base is called a ______.
- Ribonucleic Acid is a) ______
b)RNA contains the bases______instead of ______.
c)RNA contains the sugar ______instead of ______.
d)There are three types of RNA: ______RNA, ______, RNA, ______RNA.
9. There are two steps in Protein Synthesis
a)______.
b)______.
10. All cells of an organism have the same ______. What type of cell develops depends on which ______get turned on and off.
11. Cells respond to their environment by producing different ______and ______of protein.Examples: 1. You get cut and your skin cells need to make proteins to repair your skin.
2. Cancer may result when your cells make too many cells (protein).
3. Diabetes may result if your pancreatic cells don’t make enough insulin (protein).
12. 2 Types of cell division include:
a)Mitosis: ______.
b)Meiosis: ______.
Examples of asexual reproduction:
a)______b) ______c) ______
13. Mitosis occurs in all ______. Results in 2 new genetically identical ______. Maintains ______number. Remember: Double ______Example: ______
14. Meiosis occurs in ______. Results in ______gametes(sex cells). Reduces chromosome # ______. Remember: Double ______ ______Ex.______
15. Sources of variation include:
a)______b) ______
c) ______d) ______
16. Gregor Mendel is known as the ______. Mendel worked as a ______.
Mendel noticed ______.
Mendel crossed ______.
Genetic Vocabulary
17. ______- allele which masks the phenotype of other alleles.
18. ______- allele that will not be expressed if dominant allele is present
19. ______- (hybrid) – the genes in the gene pair are different.
20. ______- (pure) – the genes are the same.
21. ______- The actual genes of an organism.
22. ______- What an organism actually looks like.
23. The first cross is called the ______generation. The second cross is called the ______generation. The third cross is called the ______generation.
24. The Law of ______- during meiosis, the gene pair splits and each gamete only has one member of each pair of genes.
25. The Law of ______- during meiosis, the genes in each gene pair move into the gametes independently of each other.
26. ______The blending of two traits.
27. ______- alleles result in the expression of both traits.
28. ______- Tools used by scientists to trace inherited genes through a family tree
29. ______- Traits which are coded for by more than one allele. Examples include: ______,
______, ______
30.Human Genetics:examples of single gene autosomal inheritance patterns:
Cystic Fibrosis: ______.
Huntington’s disease: ______.
Sickle Cell Anemia ______.
31. Blood: AB are ______O is ______
32. ______- Trait is more likely to be inherited by males. Gene for these traits are found on the ______chromosome, but not the ______because it is so short.
33. Examples of Sex Linked Traits: ______and ______
34. A chart of chromosomes in order is a ______
35. The Human Genome Project is: ______.
36. ______- Inserting corrected gene into person who has a defective gene.
37.______- also called DNA fingerprinting and is used in crime scene investigation. DNA fragments separate according to ______.
38. Transgenic Organisms: ______, ______, ______.
Example of Transgenic Organism: ______.
Evolution
39. Biogenesis: ______.
40. Abiogenesis:______EX:______.
41. ______developed the Theory of Natural Selection.
42. Early Earth – Experiments helped to prove that the first organisms on earth were ______, ______and ______
43. Evolution of aerobic and photosynthetic organisms
a)First life was prokaryotic ______heterotrophs.
b)Prokaryotic autotrophs ______and changed ancient atmosphere.
c)Eventually enough oxygen was present in the atmosphere to promote the evolution of ______organisms.
44. Evidence for Evolution: ______, ______, ______.
45. Patterns in the fossil record:
a) The most primitive organisms are ______b) The most advanced organisms ______
46. Two ways to date fossils are : ______dating and ______dating.
47. Mechanisms of Evolution : ______, ______and ______
48. Variation: provides ______for natural selection.
49. ______: squirrels in the Grand Canyon, Galapagos Finches, Australia’s marsupials
50. Environment provides selection pressures: ex: resistance of ______to pesticides
Resistance of ______to ______