Commodore Classic I – Ode to the Confederate Memorial Hall
March 25, 2006
Round 5
Tossups by Dan Passner with Ray Luo, Chris Romero, Matt Weiner, and Matt Keller
1. The Le Bas engravings are considered an authoritative depiction of this event, and depict its effect on St. Nicholas, the Patriarchal, the Opera House, and St. Roch Tower. Thirty minutes after it began, a wave near Bugie Tower destroyed a swath from Junqueria to Alcantara, killing many who had boarded moored ships to avoid its effects. It occurred while most of the populace was at mass, and in addition to casualties caused by falling churches, a six-day fire and a flood claimed further life. It happened on November 1, 1755 and is depicted in Candide. FTP, name this even in which sixty thousand people were killed in a European capital by an Atlantic fault.
ANSWER: Great Lisbon Earthquake
2. It arises from shielding of inner unfilled subshells by filled outer subshells of, for example, the transition metals, and is attenuated by thermal motion. The spero and heli types of this effect have no net magnetization, and a plot of M over M max against B over T shows an asymptote at low temperature. Its susceptibility is inversely related to temperature, as stated by Curie’s law, and ferromagnets exhibit it above the Curie point. Magnetic permeability is greater than one for materials in this state, and dipoles align parallel with the magnetic field. FTP, name this type of magnetism caused by intrinsic dipoles, which will add to an applied magnetic field.
ANSWER: paramagnetism
3. Justice Stewart’s dissent opens by calling the law in question “uncommonly silly.” A preliminary part of this decision cited Tileston v. Ullman to establish the standing of the plaintiff, who had been convicted along side Lee Buxton and fined one hundred dollars. The dissent cited Cox v Louisiana, which made a distinction between freedom of speech and physical action, in arguing to reject the current case but urging the doctor to refile on First Amendment grounds. Relying on “emanations and penumbras” of the Ninth Amendment and opening the door for Roe v Wade was, FTP, what 1965 case which established the right to privacy by overturning a state law against the use of contraception by married couples?
ANSWER: Griswold v Connecticut
4. His death was the result of the curse leveled by Myrtilus following the sabotage-caused death of King Oenomaus. On his way to the Nemean games, this son of the nymph Axioche was abducted and raped by the Theban Laius. His stepbrothers, Thyestes and Atreus, were encouraged by his father’s wife to eliminate the possibility the he would inherit the throne of Olympia. FTP, name this son of Pelops who was thrown into a well by his brothers.
Answer: Chrysippus
5. At one point in this work, rain filtered through the mouth of a gargoyle destroys a floral arrangement and causes a major character to disappear, and, during the storm, townspeople work to save hayricks. One character gains the affections of a female with his swordsmanship; that character had become a sergeant in a company of dragoons, and is drawn to the woman because of her status, but upon marriage nearly brings her farm to ruin. Upon the death of Fanny Robin, whom Troy loved, Troy leaves for an acting company, and his wife is re-courted by Boldwood, who is later imprisoned for shooting Troy. FTP, name this novel where the shepherd Gabriel Oak ultimately marries Bathsheba Everdeen, by Thomas Hardy.
ANSWER: Far From the Madding Crowd
6. Its role is discussed in canons 349 to 359 of the code of canon law, and its current dean is Angelo Sodano. Its deliberations take place in St. Martha’s House, and its probably most important function was given exclusively to it as a result of the Tuscalani family’s odious machinations in favor of Giovanni Mincio. As of the Third Lateran Council, it requires a two-third majority during its Sistine Chapel vote to conclude its role. FTP, name this body of “princes of the Church” which occasionally meets in a conclave to elect a Pope.
ANSWER: Sacred College of Cardinals [accept Papal Conclave before it is read]
7. In a treatise, Mary Douglass linked this with bebop and cited Radcliffe-Brown for its need within its society. Its title may be a translation of a line in Flaubert’s Sentimental Education, and Merrill Markoe believes it should consist of Giacometti and Henri Moore works. It can include sharp butterfly cuts, and two men suggested it resembled Cirque de Soleil, one of whom was Jason Alexander. In its best known tellings, it includes a squicking and a diarrhea fountain, those tellings being by Bob Saget and Gilbert Godfried respectively, and it begins with a family walking into a talent agency. FTP name this subject of a 2005 Penn and Provenza documentary, a free-form inside joke among comedians.
ANSWER: The Aristocrats or The Sophisticates
8. Theodore Weld’s rhetorical skill aided this campaign’s major phase, which began with the declaration of “moral free agency” in Charles Grandison Finney’s 1826 speech in Utica and achieved its greatest foothold in Rochester and the “burned-over district.” It used the “anxious bench” for potential converts, while its early manifestation under James McGready in Kentucky is credited as the origin of the camp meeting, which became the ancestor of the revivalist movement. Sparked by horror at the declared beliefs of the French Revolution, it took its name from its chronological position after the achievements of Jonathan Edwards. FTP, name this prosetylization movement of the early nineteenth century.
ANSWER: Second Great Awakening [prompt on partial answer]
9. Early on, the narrator relates the tale of Chiron, who “made the boy Achilles accomplished on the lyre, and subdued fierce spirits with his peaceable skill.” The hands “Hector was destined to feel” were struck by the teacher and appear later, where we learn that they should be placed in the same place one moistens a dart. Examples cited are Hector and Andromache and Achilles and Briseis, which allows the speaker to wonder whether it was Achilles’ danger that drew the pair together. The author says that, though one has the ability to “range far and wide with your reins loose,” choose to whom you may say, “you are the only one for me.’ FTP, name this three-book work addressed to young men, a guide to the titular concept written by Ovid.
ANSWER: Art of Love or Ars Amatoria
10. Karamata’s lemma can be used to extend it to find domains of attraction, as stated by Feller and Khinchin. Proved by Taylor expansion of a characteristic function, as done by Levy and Lindeberg, it is stated by Lyapunov using cubic and square roots involving a sequence of random variables. It can be generalized to martingales, and can be restated in terms of convolution of densities of independent variables as the number of density functions increases. Given variables of finite mean and variance, it states that the sum of independent variables approaches a Gaussian distribution. FTP, name this theorem of probability that provides convergence to the normal curve.
ANSWER: central limit theorem
11. He describes communication problems while traveling in Italian without a Master, and he recounted his time in the Marion Rangers in My Military Campaign. Upon receiving a new book about him from a friend, he famously asked the titular question Is Shakespeare Dead? He describes such events as arriving at St. Joseph, seeing a Mormon emigrant train, and his brother being named Secretary of Nevada in the autobiographical Roughing It. One of his travel volumes is alternately titled The New Pilgrim's Progress, and one of his last novels follows a boy in Esseldorf as he kills a cripple when Philip Traum, really Satan, convinces him to. FTP name this American reporter, author, and satirist who wrote The Innocents Abroad and The Mysterious Stranger.
Answer: Mark Twain or Samuel Clemens
12. Under its namesake condition, Boyle’s law is modified by a 7/5 exponent for diatomic gases. In perturbation theory, it’s a theorem that specifies when the system will stay in its instantaneous eigenstates. An expansion of this type is responsible for the fog after bottle caps are removed, and is equivalent to an isothermal expansion followed by constant volume cooling. Pressure times volume raised to the ratio of constant pressure and constant volume heat capacities is preserved, and work is equal to constant volume heat capacity times temperature change, or delta U. FTP identify this term which names a lapse rate in meteorology and a type of process with no heat flow.
ANSWER: adiabatic process
13. He referred to the school of a contemporary as gall, and called the discussions of another contemporary disguise, and he believed athletic events and baccic revelry were the respite of fools. He personally supported theft, as he argued “all things are the property of the wise,” and in this vein he approved of cannibalism. Among his crazed attacks on contemporaries, he answered Plato’s assertion that man is a “featherless biped,” by presenting Plato with a plucked chicken. A student of Antisthenes, he is viewed by some as the first philosophical atheist. FTP, name this guy whose words would cause the founding of the Cynics, a man who carried a lantern through daylight in search of an honest man.
ANSWER: Diogenes of Sinope [not Diogenes Laertius]
14. Its entire land mass is divided into fourteen districts. It has a population of over 12,000, which has recently been swelled by refugees from Afghanistan and Iraq refused entry to Australia. The motto of this nation, first described by John Fearn, is “God’s Will First,” and since becoming independent from the UN in 1968, off-shore banking, coconut products, and phosphates have been local industries, and it is home to a sizeable Ba’hai population. FTP name the smallest republic in the world, whose largest city is Yaren.
ANSWER: Nauru
15. RGS accelerates hydrolysis of one of their subunits, whose dissociation can be studied with fluorescent energy transfer labeling. It interacts with the C3 and sometimes C2 loop near H3 and H5 of 7 transmembrane alpha-helical receptors, which serve as their nucleotide exchange factors. Their alpha-3-beta-5 loops and switch II bind to a domain of adenylyl cyclase to allow rotation of their other catalytic domain. Divided into stimulatory and inhibitory types depending on binding to beta-adrenergic vs. alpha-1-adrenergic receptor, their alpha subunit separates from beta-gamma subunits and activates cyclic AMP synthesis. FTP, name this type of protein that binds GTP.
ANSWER: G proteins or GTPases
16. The original variety was modified with several axes of folding to decrease space, producing a new model designed for ship transport. It used a Sakae engine with radial air-cooling and two rows of seven cylinders each. Equipped with two machine guns, two cannons, and two bombs, its ninety-four gallon external tank was jettisoned after use and gave it enough range to exercise air superiority for three years. Originally code-named the “Zeke,” its more familiar name derives from the fact that the start of its production was the 2600th anniversary of the coronation of Jimmu. FTP, the A6M Navy Type manufactured by Mitsubishi is likely better-known as what Japanese fighter plane of World War II?
ANSWER: Zero Celebration Carrier-based Fighter Airplane [or Reisen Kanjikisen; accept Mitsubishi A6M Navy Type 0 before it is read]
17. One of his solo songs parenthetically states “They loved for a year,” and another is about the early breaking of the sun. In addition to “The Double End” and “The Envoy,” he transcribed Two Bourees and the four-handed piano piece “Variations on a Theme of Moore.” Prior to 1839, he wrote his Prelude in C major, as well as an F minor composition in something he is better known for, and his “Farewell” Waltz. His Opus 28 features a lot of preludes, and he wrote a bunch of nocturnes and the piano sonata “Funeral March.” FTP, name this Polish-French dude who also did a minute waltz.
ANSWER: Fryderyk Chopin
18. Although it began the White Terror, it could not match the 1300 executions in the month prior to this event which helped instigate it. In its most important action, it arrested Georges Couthon, François Hanriot, and Louis de Saint-Just at the Hôtel de Ville after the National Convention refused to hear its main target speak. This plot’s economic program could not stave off currency depreciation, leading to the 1 Prairal invasion by peasants. It occurred on July 27, 1794 but is named because that day is also the ninth day of another month in Year II. FTP, name this event which ended the power of the Committee of Public Safety, finishing the Reign of Terror and the rule of Robespierre.
ANSWER: Thermidorian Reaction
19. In one of his plays, one character comes to Limuru and attempts to convert the protagonist, who prominently displays a deed for 1.5 acres of land. In addition to that story of Ahab, Gathoni and Kigunda, he wrote a memoir that decried the importance of rites of passage and his bouts with Marxism and the law, Detained. Another work told of the arrival to town of an educated Christian twelve years before arrests stemming from a brewery fire. That novel about Wanja, who had been a prostitute, and the aforementioned Godfrey Munira, was, like “I Will Marry when I want,” set in the author’s native Kenya. FTP, name this writer of works about British colonialism such as A Grain of Wheat and Petals of Blood.
ANSWER: James Ngugi wa Thiong’o
20. His symmetrical three-unit “Goldwyn Regional Library” inspired Calatrava’s City of Arts and Sciences building in Valencia, Spain, while his lone published statement is his “Projects in Europe.” He has submitted several blueprints for New York City, including a Chelsea building for Barry Diller composed of eight glass spirals. He has designed numerous pieces of furniture, including a maple cross-check armchair and a cardboard bubble chaise, and one of his buildings, the Vitra, is a German furniture museum, while the nearly complete Museum of Tolerance in Jerusalem, with its shiny metal exterior, references his better known works. FTP, name this architect who also displayed shiny contorted metal in his Experience Music Project and the Guggenheim Bilbao.