waves /
Can travel through
Space
(no air in space)
radiation / Is the DIRECT
transfer of energy through
electromagnetic waves.
3 ways sun’s
energy reaches the Earth / 1. visible light
2. infrared radiation
(heat)
3. ultraviolet radiation
visible light /
ROY-G-BIV
ultraviolet
radiation / UV rays
Causes sunburn
SMALLEST amount of radiation reaching Earth
What happens to sun’s energy when it reaches Earth?
R
A
R
A
S / R Reflected back into space by clouds
A Absorbed by the earth’s surface (water,land)
R Reflected back the earth’s surface
A Absorbed by atmosphere/clouds
S Scattered by dust
Greenhouse effect
/ Like a blanket
Keeps Earth warm
thermometer
/ Measures
temperature
2 most common temperature scales / Celsius / Fahrenheit
Freeze 0 C / 32 F
Boil 100 C / 212 F
HEAT / Definition:
Energy transferred
from a hotter
to a colder
object
to
+ Greenhouse -
Effect / Helpful / Harmful
Protects plants and people from harmful UV rays; keeps planet warm enough /
Traps too much carbon dioxide; warms up planet
UNITS for TEMPERATURE? / Degrees
Temperature
(definition) / The AVERAGE amount of ENERGY of MOTION in each MOLECULE of a substance
WAYS HEAT CAN BE TRASNFERRED
Hint: CCR / C Conduction
C Convection
R Radiation
CONDUCTION / TRANSFER OF HEAT by
DIRECT TOUCH
CONVECTION / TRANSFER of HEAT by
movement of a FLUID
FLUID = FLOWS
Air (gas) or liquid
Vent
RADIATION / Direct Transfer of Heat by ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
DENSITY
of
AIR /
Cold Air is MORE dense than hot air
C H
What causes WIND? /
Uneven heating of atmosphere
anemometer /
Measures wind SPEED
Wind Vane /
Shows wind DIRECTION
N,S,E,W
3 kinds
OF
local wind / 1. SEA BREEZE
2. LAND BREEZE
3. MONSOON
monsoon / Sea / land breeze
over a LARGE AREA that changes with the season.
Monsoon season
monsoon / Like in Forrest Gump movie
Rained, rained, rained …
Coriolis Effect / HINT
CORIOLIS
CURVIOLIS
Coriolis Effect
/
Wind in northern hemispsherecurve RIGHT
Wind in southern hemisphere curve LEFT
4
Global Wind Belts / 1. Doldrums
2. Trade Winds
3. Prevailing Westerlies
4. Polar Easterlies
Doldrums
Dol-drum /
Near equator
Very calm, weak wind
Trade Winds / Steady winds
Equator to 30
Prevailing Westerlies /
30 - 60
WEST TO east
Polar
Easterlies /
60 – Poles
EAST to west
3
Main Types
of Clouds / 1. cumulus
2. stratus
3. cirrus
Convection / Examples:
Horse latitudes /
30 N
30 S
latitudes
How / When
Do CLOUDS FORM ?
/
When WATER VAPOR (gas) becomes
LIQUID or ICE CRYSTALS
CIRRUS CLOUDS /
Feathery
Wispy
Horse tail looking
Cumulonimbus
Clouds /
Thunderstorm Clouds
???? / barometer
Barometer /
Measures changes in
air pressure
stratus clouds / Strata = layer
Layers of clouds; often cover most of the sky
On a ‘gray day’
dew point /
The temperature at which water in the air turns into water (droplets)
Cumulus
clouds / Cotton ball, puffy
Thermal energy
Vs.
Temperature / Totalamount of energy
Vs.
Average amount of energy
FLUIDS
(like air)
AIR PRESSURE
relationship /
HIGH
TOWARD Low
High to Low
psychrometer / Instrument that measures
Relative humidity
Rain gauge /
Measures how much precipitation falls to the earth
UV Radiation
Absorption /
OZONE absorbs most of it
INFRARED
RADIATION / MOST of the energy that heats the Earth is INFRARED RADIATION
sun’s heat
Greenhouse
Effect / the PROCESS
by which gases (ozone)
holds HEAT in the ATMOSPHERE
How is the TROPOSPHERE heated? / Mostly by CONVECTION
troposphere = weather
weather = hot, cold, wet, dry, windy
WARM AIR
COLD AIR / Warm air is less dense
CONVECTION
happens because
Cold air is more dense
Global Winds
Vs.
Local Winds / Global winds over
very LARGE
areas
Local winds over
small areas
Land
Breeze /
- Comes from the land
Land cools faster than sea
Warmer air over sea rises – cooler air from land moves toward sea
Sea Breeze /
- Comes from the sea
Sea heats up slower than land
Warmer land air rises – cooler air from sea moves toward the land.
Sea Breeze /
Breezy DAY at SEAshore
Sand warms up before sea
Land Breeze /
Land COOLS off slower than sea
Gnats / mosquitos from the sand dune grasses bite!
condensation /
Forms especially when glass is cold and it’s warm outside
Ice tea in the summer?
precipitation /
ANY water that FALLS from the clouds
RAIN to SNOW
ratio / to
1 : 10
cloud seeding /
silver iodide
dry ice
Wind chill
factor /
When the air FEELS cooler than it really is because of the wind
drought /
Little or no RAIN for LONG periods of time
- Restricted lawn watering
sleet / Snow falls, then
melts into rain
then
refreezes and
falls as SLEET
Freezing rain / Snow falls,
Then melts into rain
BUT
Only FREEZES when it HITS the GROUND
Sleet vs. Freezing Rain /
psychrometer /
Remember fanning it to make the wet paper evaporate & cool?