Colonization Potential of an Endangered Riparian Shrub Species

ONLINE RESOURCE MATERIAL for

Colonization potential of an endangered riparian shrub species

Sabine Finka, TabeaLanzb, Rebecca Stecherc, and Christoph Scheideggerd

a corresponding author: , phone: +41 44 7392836, fax: +41 44 7392 215, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH- 8903 Birmensdorf

, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH- 8903 Birmensdorf

d , Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH- 8903 Birmensdorf

Table OR1: Overview of the original polynomic function of the ln-transformed seed density data and three phenomenological models for dispersal kernels frequently found for wind-mediated seed dispersal.

Name / Formula / Constants
Polynomic / axb / a = 3616.7 b = -1.175
Negative Exponential / aexp(-bx) / a = 1411.3 b =0.085
Inverse power / ax-bx / a = 3229 b = 0.097

x=distance from source (mother plant) to seed landing place (see in Bullock et al. 2006)

References:

Bullock, J., Shea, K., Skarpaas, O., 2006. Measuring plant dispersal: an introduction to field methods and experimental design. Plant ecology 186, 217-234.

Table OR2: Inflorescence phenology of the mature M. germanica shrub and 22 individuals of the core population at five dates during flowering season. The mean count of the date with the peak in inflorescence (marked in grey) was used to calculate the seed potential of the German tamarisk.

date / 06-12-2009 / 07-22-2009 / 08-07-2009 / 08-20-2009 / 09-07-2009
Phenology* / bi / fi / cc / sp / ec / sum / bi / fi / cc / sp / ec / sum / bi / fi / cc / sp / ec / sum / bi / fi / cc / sp / ec / sum / bi / fi / cc / sp / ec / sum
plant #
old-growth shrub:
116 / 91 / 233 / 179 / 39 / 619 / 58 / 180 / 195 / 220 / 404 / 1057 / 22 / 83 / 97 / 267 / 631 / 1100 / 1 / 5 / 48 / 134 / 996 / 1184 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 62 / 1632 / 1696
core population:
1 / 2 / 1 / 19 / 2 / 0 / 24 / 3 / 16 / 37 / 8 / 20 / 84 / 1 / 0 / 4 / 17 / 65 / 87 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 86 / 87 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 87 / 87
2 / 0 / 0 / 21 / 1 / 0 / 22 / 8 / 23 / 17 / 5 / 14 / 67 / 0 / 2 / 5 / 26 / 36 / 69 / 1 / 2 / 0 / 3 / 67 / 73 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 70 / 72
3 / 0 / 1 / 7 / 1 / 0 / 9 / 0 / 2 / 22 / 13 / 10 / 47 / 4 / 3 / 1 / 10 / 45 / 63 / 0 / 9 / 4 / 3 / 56 / 72 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 3 / 63 / 67
4 / 0 / 1 / 6 / 2 / 0 / 9 / 4 / 22 / 39 / 17 / 6 / 88 / 2 / 0 / 3 / 15 / 62 / 82 / 1 / 9 / 2 / 2 / 80 / 94 / 0 / 1 / 2 / 2 / 84 / 89
5 / 0 / 1 / 10 / 3 / 0 / 14 / 3 / 10 / 40 / 5 / 6 / 64 / 1 / 6 / 6 / 25 / 51 / 89 / 1 / 5 / 2 / 6 / 82 / 96 / 0 / 0 / 4 / 3 / 90 / 97
6 / 0 / 1 / 4 / 0 / 0 / 5 / 22 / 15 / 13 / 6 / 4 / 60 / 0 / 2 / 25 / 18 / 23 / 68 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 7 / 66 / 76 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 74 / 76
7 / 0 / 2 / 28 / 9 / 0 / 39 / 4 / 31 / 57 / 19 / 27 / 138 / 0 / 2 / 10 / 13 / 103 / 128 / 2 / 10 / 2 / 2 / 126 / 142 / 0 / 0 / 5 / 10 / 130 / 145
8 / 2 / 2 / 11 / 3 / 0 / 18 / 7 / 24 / 56 / 11 / 11 / 109 / 0 / 5 / 4 / 31 / 78 / 118 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 5 / 113 / 120 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 119 / 121
9 / 1 / 7 / 16 / 7 / 0 / 31 / 3 / 21 / 5 / 6 / 8 / 43 / 2 / 1 / 4 / 12 / 19 / 38 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 2 / 35 / 39 / 0 / 0 / 3 / 3 / 38 / 44
10 / 1 / 1 / 6 / 3 / 1 / 11 / 4 / 14 / 21 / 9 / 8 / 56 / 1 / 1 / 7 / 16 / 38 / 63 / 3 / 2 / 1 / 1 / 61 / 68 / 0 / 0 / 4 / 1 / 63 / 68
11 / 0 / 1 / 8 / 1 / 0 / 10 / 1 / 13 / 19 / 10 / 10 / 53 / 2 / 1 / 1 / 15 / 39 / 58 / 0 / 3 / 1 / 0 / 55 / 59 / 0 / 0 / 3 / 56 / 59
12 / 3 / 7 / 18 / 2 / 0 / 30 / 15 / 26 / 38 / 21 / 21 / 121 / 1 / 3 / 16 / 31 / 80 / 131 / 1 / 5 / 2 / 2 / 127 / 137 / 0 / 1 / 2 / 4 / 131 / 138
13 / 0 / 0 / 7 / 0 / 0 / 7 / 0 / 2 / 10 / 7 / 5 / 24 / 2 / 1 / 4 / 4 / 22 / 33 / 1 / 4 / 1 / 1 / 30 / 37 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 2 / 32 / 36
14 / 0 / 3 / 30 / 3 / 0 / 36 / 4 / 15 / 16 / 8 / 28 / 71 / 3 / 2 / 2 / 13 / 52 / 72 / 0 / 5 / 5 / 1 / 67 / 78 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 3 / 73 / 78
15 / 7 / 10 / 58 / 18 / 2 / 93 / 17 / 40 / 53 / 29 / 24 / 163 / 2 / 6 / 26 / 23 / 106 / 163 / 0 / 1 / 4 / 6 / 155 / 166 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 1 / 165 / 168
16 / 3 / 5 / 62 / 17 / 1 / 87 / 37 / 42 / 78 / 21 / 48 / 226 / 0 / 14 / 27 / 40 / 147 / 228 / 0 / 2 / 2 / 14 / 214 / 232 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 1 / 230 / 233
17 / 2 / 5 / 34 / 0 / 0 / 41 / 18 / 28 / 38 / 29 / 12 / 125 / 0 / 13 / 19 / 25 / 79 / 136 / 0 / 4 / 4 / 11 / 123 / 142 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 138 / 140
18 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 2 / 0 / 2 / 2 / 1 / 7 / 0 / 1 / 2 / 1 / 5 / 9 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 8 / 10 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 9 / 10
19 / 6 / 3 / 8 / 5 / 0 / 22 / 2 / 7 / 16 / 5 / 1 / 31 / 2 / 2 / 9 / 7 / 22 / 42 / 1 / 3 / 2 / 2 / 38 / 46 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 2 / 42 / 46
20 / 0 / 0 / 3 / 0 / 0 / 3 / 12 / 8 / 9 / 7 / 0 / 36 / 1 / 0 / 5 / 2 / 16 / 24 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 23 / 23 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 23 / 24
21 / 0 / 6 / 59 / 13 / 0 / 78 / 23 / 17 / 62 / 18 / 13 / 133 / 1 / 18 / 4 / 23 / 93 / 139 / 1 / 1 / 2 / 17 / 120 / 141 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 2 / 139 / 143
22 / 1 / 8 / 17 / 1 / 0 / 27 / 7 / 20 / 85 / 28 / 18 / 158 / 1 / 14 / 12 / 24 / 131 / 182 / 0 / 2 / 2 / 12 / 167 / 183 / 0 / 1 / 2 / 1 / 181 / 185
Total / 28 / 65 / 433 / 91 / 4 / 617 / 196 / 396 / 733 / 284 / 295 / 1904 / 26 / 97 / 196 / 391 / 1312 / 2022 / 13 / 71 / 40 / 98 / 1899 / 2121 / 0 / 3 / 42 / 44 / 2037 / 2126

*bi=budding inflorescence, fi=flowering inflorescence, cc=closed capsule, cs=capsules with seeds, ec=empty capsule

Table OR3: Mean count of buds per inflorescence (n=10) of M. germanica on six days. The average count (marked in grey) was used to calculate the seed potential of the German tamarisk.

date / 06-11-2009 / 07-01-2009 / 07-22-2009 / 08-07-2009 / 08-20-2009 / 09-07-2009
#inflorescence / #buds
matureshrub:
1 / 20 / 61 / 53 / 72 / 34 / 35
2 / 21 / 74 / 38 / 56 / 50 / 29
3 / 22 / 66 / 41 / 58 / 29 / 30
4 / 24 / 50 / 46 / 54 / 59 / 23
5 / 17 / 57 / 52 / 46 / 28 / 26
6 / 24 / 41 / 47 / 58 / 33 / 36
7 / 17 / 56 / 39 / 75 / 40 / 43
8 / 25 / 67 / 52 / 61 / 44 / 26
9 / 17 / 53 / 42 / 49 / 53 / 31
10 / 22 / 53 / 39 / 29 / 37 / 32
mean / 20.9 / 57.8 / 44.9 / 55.8 / 40.7 / 31.1
meanmatureshrub / 41.9
corepopulation:
1 / 26 / 46 / 58 / 44 / 25 / 42
2 / 18 / 47 / 54 / 41 / 36 / 25
3 / 24 / 64 / 62 / 44 / 39 / 40
4 / 21 / 59 / 41 / 39 / 37 / 23
5 / 28 / 40 / 60 / 32 / 33 / 34
6 / 36 / 50 / 41 / 32 / 43 / 26
7 / 34 / 47 / 52 / 63 / 48 / 28
8 / 14 / 51 / 29 / 43 / 35 / 29
9 / 26 / 38 / 51 / 73 / 19 / 19
10 / 14 / 41 / 35 / 58 / 50 / 37
mean / 24.1 / 48.3 / 48.3 / 46.9 / 36.5 / 30.3
meancorepopulation / 39.1

Table OR4: Mean number of seed per capsule (n=10) of M. germanica on four days. The average seed count per capsule (marked in grey) was used to calculate the seed potential of the German tamarisk.

date / 06-12-2009 / 07-22-2009 / 08-07-2009 / 08-20-2009 / 09-07-2009
# capsules / #seeds
old-growth shrub
1 / 77 / 120 / 142 / 135 / -
2 / 87 / 102 / 135 / 140 / -
3 / 104 / 100 / 106 / 110 / -
4 / 83 / 102 / 113 / 102 / -
5 / 89 / 108 / 125 / 122 / -
6 / 70 / 106 / 121 / 97 / -
7 / 73 / 109 / 111 / 115 / -
8 / 85 / 111 / 110 / 100 / -
9 / 73 / 105 / 87 / 96 / -
10 / 85 / 103 / 89 / 108 / -
mean / 82.6 / 106.6 / 113.9 / 112.5 / -
average seeds per capsule old-growth Myricaria shrub / 103.9
core population
1 / - / 97 / 92 / 101 / 89
2 / - / 132 / 106 / 107 / 125
3 / - / 119 / 101 / 108 / 94
4 / - / 122 / 116 / 109 / 72
5 / - / 131 / 108 / 112 / 95
6 / - / 98 / 99 / 110 / 93
7 / - / 125 / 85 / 105 / 88
8 / - / 102 / 93 / 98 / 89
9 / - / 119 / 96 / 113 / 100
10 / - / 92 / 97 / 103 / 107
mean / - / 113.7 / 99.3 / 106.6 / 95.2
average seeds per capsule core population / 103.7

Table OR5: Germination experiment of seeds of capsules (n=5) of the matureshrub and the core population of M. germanica.

#capsuleswithseeds / non-germinatedseeds / germinatedseeds
matureshrub
1 / 11 / 88
2 / 18 / 106
3 / 36 / 58
4 / 41 / 30
5 / 50 / 45
mean / 31.2 / 65.4
percentageof total / 32.3 / 67.7
corepopulation
1 / 8 / 84
2 / 16 / 100
3 / 19 / 86
4 / 13 / 119
5 / 16 / 89
mean / 14.4 / 95.6
percentageof total / 13.1 / 86.9

Table OR6: Terminal velocity estimation of n=10 seeds with pappus

time of fall [sec]
n / seed 1 / seed 2 / seed 3 / seed 4 / seed 5 / seed 6 / seed 7 / seed 8 / seed 9 / seed 10
1 / 24.97 / 14.79 / 16.19 / 13.16 / 19.00 / 20.72 / 15.72 / 16.18 / 17.60 / 15.85
2 / 17.59 / 13.06 / 17.03 / 11.28 / 16.81 / 19.03 / 16.35 / 12.75 / 18.56 / 16.81
3 / 16.25 / 14.85 / 16.21 / 12.12 / 16.56 / 18.13 / 16.44 / 13.82 / 17.12 / 18.09
4 / 20.44 / 15.32 / 15.66 / 11.13 / 16.53 / 17.85 / 16.97 / 13.50 / 18.06 / 16.50
5 / 18.22 / 15.50 / 15.28 / 11.21 / 15.75 / 16.44 / 15.60 / 13.35 / 17.44 / 17.34
6 / 18.97 / 15.56 / 14.25 / 10.88 / 15.84 / 17.35 / 14.75 / 13.31 / 18.06 / 17.60
7 / 18.31 / 13.31 / 15.07 / 11.12 / 15.69 / 16.25 / 15.56 / 13.69 / 17.38 / 15.19
8 / 17.94 / 13.81 / 16.00 / 8.90 / 16.91 / 15.75 / 15.69 / 13.00 / 16.44 / 15.00
9 / 20.22 / 13.25 / 13.94 / 11.59 / 16.88 / 14.97 / 15.50 / 13.43 / 17.62 / 16.85
10 / 19.15 / 12.72 / 15.00 / 12.28 / 16.75 / 15.34 / 16.94 / 13.66 / 18.44 / 14.38
mean s/2.58 m / 19.21 / 14.22 / 15.46 / 11.37 / 16.67 / 17.18 / 15.95 / 13.67 / 17.67 / 16.36
mean m/s / 0.13 / 0.18 / 0.17 / 0.23 / 0.15 / 0.15 / 0.16 / 0.19 / 0.15 / 0.16
median m/s (absolute deviation) / 0.16 / +/-0.01

Table OR7: Results of number of trapped seeds in the field and of predictions by three phenomenological methods.

Model / # catchedseeds / # seeds per m2 / # seedspredicted per m2
polynomic / negative exponential / inverse power
Distance [m]
0 / 469 / 3229.58 / 3616.70 / 1296.30 / 3229.00
10 / 50 / 344.30 / 241.72 / 603.21 / 345.99
25 / 10 / 68.86 / 82.36 / 168.56 / 1.32
50 / 5 / 34.43 / 36.48 / 20.13 / 0.00
75 / NA / NA / 22.65 / 2.40 / 0.00
100 / NA / NA / 16.16 / 0.29 / 0.00
125 / NA / NA / 12.43 / 0.03 / 0.00

Figure OR1: Relation between wind speed and distance of visual seed flight observation according to cardinal directions. Wind speed was high mainly towards the South (upstream direction). but largest seed flight distances were found in Southeast and East directions (up to 25 m).