The Principles of Emergency Management

Selected Bibliography

Alexander, D. (2008, March 27). Integrated Emergency Management. Retrieved October 14, 2008, from Disaster Planning and Emergency Management:

Ahmed, Nadeem, and Andrew MacLeod (2007). “The 2005 Pakistan Earthquake,” in The Pulse of Humanitarian Assistance, edited by Kevin M. Cahill (New York: Fordham University Press, 2007), pp. 158-175.

Armstong, Michael J. (2000). Back to the Future: Charting the Course for Project Impact.” Natural Hazards Review. 1(3): 138-144.

Auf der Heide, Erik (1989),Disaster Response: Principles of Preparation and Coordination (online at

Bell, B. (2007, July). Success Stories: EMAC Education Pays Off. Retrieved October 13, 2008, from EMAC Web:

Bell, B. (2007, May). The Emergency Management Assistance Compact – An Introduction. Retrieved October 13, 2008, from EMAC Web:

Blanchard, Wayne B. (2010) Guide to Emergency Management and Related Terms, Definitions, Acronyms, Programs and Legislation. (online at

Blanchard, B. Wayne, (2008). “FEMA Higher Education Project,” PowerPoint Presentation, July 1. Accessed on 24 November 2008 from

Britton, Neil R. and Gerard J. Clark. (2000). “From Response to Resilience: Emergency Management Reform in New Zealand.” Natural Hazards Review 1 (3): 145-150.

Buck, D. A., & Augirre, B. E. (2006). A Critical Evaluation of the Incident Command System and NIMS. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management .

Burby, Raymond (1998), “Policies for Sustainable Land Use,” in R. Burby, ed., Cooperating with Nature: Confronting Natural Hazards with Land-Use Planning for Sustainable Communities (Washington, DC: Joseph Henry Press), pp. 263-291.

Burby, Raymond J. (1998) “Natural Hazards and Land-Use: An Introduction,” in Cooperating with Nature: Confronting Natural Hazards with Land-Use Planning for Sustainable Communities, edited by Raymond J. Burby (Washington, DC: Joseph Henry Press), pp, 1-26.

Business Civic and Leadership Center, U.S. Chamber of Commerce (2005). “From Relief to Recovery: The U.S. Business Response to the Southeast Asia Tsunami and GulfCoast Hurricanes.” A White Paper published by the Business Civic and Leadership Center, U.S. Chamber of Commerce.

Cahill, Kevin (2007) The Pulse of Humanitarian Assistance (New York: FordhamUniversity Press).

Cahill, Kevin, ed., (2003) Basics of International Humanitarian Missions (FordhamUniversity Press).

California, State of, Office of Emergency Services (2001). They Will Come: Post-Disaster Volunteers and Local Governments (Sacramento: OES, November).

Canton, L. G. (2007). Emergency Management: Concepts and Strategies for Effective Programs.Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Interscience.

Choi, S. O. (2008). Emergency Management: Implications from a Strategic Management Perspective. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management .

Coppola, Damon P. (2007) Introduction to International Emergency Management (Burlington, MA: Butterworth Heineman).

Crossett, Kristin M, et al. (2004) Population Trends along the Coastal United States, 1980-2008, Coastal Trends Report Series (Washington, DC: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S., Department of Commerce).

Darcy, James and Charles-Antoine Hoffman, “According to Need? Needs Assessment and Decision-Making in the Humanitarian Sector” (Overseas Development Institute, HPG Report (September 15, 2003). (downloadable from web)

Deyle, Robert E.; French, Steven P.; Olshansky, Robert B.; and Paterson, Robert G. (1998) “Hazard Assessment: The Factual Basis for Planning and Mitigation,” in Cooperating with Nature: Confronting Natural Hazards with Land-Use Planning for Sustainable Communities, edited by Raymond J. Burby (Washington, DC: Joseph Henry Press), pp, 119-166.

Drabek, Thomas E. (1987). The Professional Emergency Manager: Structures and Strategies for Success. (Boulder, CO: Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado).

Drabek, Thomas E., Strategies for Coordinating Disaster Responses. Boulder, CO: Program on Environment and Behavior, Monograph 61, University of Colorado, 2003.

Drabek, T. E., & Hoetmer, G. J. (1991). Emergency Management: Principles and Practices for Local Government(Washington, DC: International City Managers Association).

Drucker, P. F. (1974). Management: Tasks, Responsibilities, Practices (New York: Harper and Row, Publishers).

Dynes, Russel R. (2003). “Finding Order in Disorder: Continuities in the 9-11 Response.” International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 21 (3): 9-23.

Edwards, Frances L. and Goodrich, Daniel C.(2007), “Organizing for Emergency Management” in Emergency Management Principles and Practice for Local Government, 2nd Edition, edited by William L. Waugh, Jr., and Kathleen Tierney (Washington, DC: ICMA Press).

Emergency Management Accreditation Program, EMAP Standards, 2007 (online at

Enarson, Elaine (2007) “Identifying and Addressing Social Vulnerabilities,” in Emergency Management: Principles and Practice for Local Government, 2nd Edition, edited by William L. Waugh, Jr., and Kathleen Tierney (Washington, DC: ICMA), pp. 257-278.

Federal Emergency Management Agency (1993). The Emergency Program Manager. IS-1. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, D.C.

Federal Emergency Management Agency, Emergency Management Institute, The Role of Voluntary Agencies in Emergency Management (Washington, DC: Federal Emergency Management Agency, Emergency Management Institute, Independent Study Program, January 1999).

Geis, D. (2000). “By Design: The Disaster-Resistant and Quality of Life Community”, Natural Hazards Review, Vol. 1 No.3, pp. 151-160.

Gregory, Dale M. (n.d.), “Collaborative Emergency Planning: Building Partnerships Outside-in.” Unpublished document on the Museum SOS website:

Hite, Monique C. (2003). “The Emergency Manager of the Future. A Summary to the Disasters Roundtable,” National Research Council of the National Academies. National Academies Press, Washington, D.C.

Kendra, James M. and Tricia Wachtendorf. (2006). “Community Innovation and Disasters.” Pp. 316-334 in Rodriguez, Havidan, Enrico L. Quarantelli and Russell R. Dynes (eds.) Handbook of Disaster Research (New York: Springer).

Kendra, James M. and Tricia Wachtendorf. (2003). “Elements of Resilience After the World Trade Center Disaster: Reconstituting New York City’s EmergencyOperationsCenter.” Disasters 27 (1): 37-53.

Kreps, Gary A. (1991). “Organizing for Emergency Management.” Pp. 30-54 in Drabek, Thomas E. and Gerard J. Hoetmer (eds.) Emergency Management: Principles of Practice for Local Government, 1st edition (Washington, DC: ICMA Press).

Kreps, Gary A. and Thomas E. Drabek. (1996). “Disasters are Non-Routine Social Problems.” International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 14: 129-153.

Kushma, Jane and Janet K. Benini, Eric Holdeman and Amy Sebring. (2008). “Leadership Challenges in Emergency Management: A Moderated Panel Discussion.” EIIP Virtual Forum Presentation.

Lindell, M. K., Prater, C., & Perry, R. W. (2007). Introduction to Emergency Management.(Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons).

Lindsay, B. R. (2008). The Emergency Management Assistance Compact (EMAC): An Overview.WashingtonDC: Congressional Research Service.

MacCormack, Charles F. (2007). “Coordination and Collaboration: An NGO View,” in The Pulse of Humanitarian Assistance, edited by Kevin M. Cahill (New York: Fordham University Press, 2007), pp. 243-262.

May, Fred. “Emergency Managers – Who’s On First?”Jacksonville, AL:JacksonvilleStateUniversity, Institute for Emergency Preparedness, draft paper, November 30, 2006.

McEntire, D. (2007). Disciplines, Disasters and Emergency Management: The Convergence and Divergence of Concepts, Issues and Trends from the Research Literature (Springfield: Charles C. Thomas, Publisher Ltd. ).

McEntire, David A. 2007. The historical challenges facing emergency management and homeland security. Journal of Emergency Management. 5(4): 17-22.

McEntire, David A. (2006). Disaster Response and Recovery: Strategies and Tactics for Resilience (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley).

McEntire, David A. (2005). “Why Vulnerability Matters: Illustrating the Need for an Inclusive Disaster Reduction Concept.” Disaster Prevention and Management. 14(2): 206-222.

McEntire, David A. (2005). “Revolutionary and Evolutionary Change in Emergency Management: Assessing the Need for a Paradigm Shift and the Possibility of Progress in the Profession.” Paper presented at the FEMA Higher Education Conference, June 8th. See

McIntire, David A., “Reconsidering Homeland Security Policy: Recognizing the Role of Emergency Management in Promoting Terrorism Resistance and Resilience.” NATO Advanced Research Workshop, September 27, Washington, D.C.

McEntire, David A. (2005). “Why Vulnerability Matters: Illustrating the Need for an Inclusive Disaster Reduction Concept.” Disaster Prevention and Management. 14(2): 206-222.

McEntire, David A. (2005). “Revisiting the Definition of ‘Hazard’ and the Important of Vulnerability.” Journal of Emergency Management 3 (4): 9-11.

McEntire, David A. (2005). “Why Vulnerability Matters: Exploring the Merit of an Inclusive Disaster Reduction Concept.” Disaster Prevention and Management 14(2): 206-222.

McEntire, David A. (2004). “Tenets of Vulnerability: An Assessment of a Fundamental Concept”, Journal of Emergency Management, Vol. 2 No. 2, pp. 23-29.

McEntire, David A. (2002) Coordinating multi-organizational responses to disaster: lessons form the March 28, 2000, Ft. Worth Tornado. Disaster Prevention and Management. 11(5): 369-379.

McEntire, David A. and Dorothy Floyd. (2004). “Applying Sustainability to the Study of Disasters: An Assessment of Strengths and Weaknesses.” Sustainable Communities Review, 6(1&2): 14-21.

McEntire, David A., Christopher Fuller, Chad W. Johnston and Richard Weber. (2002). “A Comparison of Disaster Paradigms: The Search for a Holistic Policy Guide.” Public Administration Review 62(3): 267-280.

Mileti, Dennis, ed. (1999). Disasters by Design: A Reassessment of Natural Hazards in the United States, Joseph Henry Press, WashingtonD.C.

Mileti, Dennis et. al. 1999. “Toward the Integration of Natural Hazards and Sustainability.” The Environmental Professional 17: 117-126.

Milward, H. Brinton Milward (1994), “Nonprofit Contracting and the HollowState,” Public Administration Review Vol. 54 (January/February), pp. 73-77.

Moynihan, D. P. (2007). From Forest Fires to Hurrican Katrina: Case Studies of Incident Command Systems.WashingtonDC: IBMCenter for the Business of Government.

National Fire Protection Association, NFPA Standard 1600, 2007.

Neal, David M. (1997). “Reconsidering the Phases of Disaster.” International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 15(2): 239-264.

Oyegbite, K. (2005). What have we learned? Coordination. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine , 471-474.

Patton, Ann. “Emergency Management as a Team Sport: Organizing Collaborative Partnerships.” In Emergency Management: Principles and Practice for Local Government, 2nd Edition, edited by William L Waugh, Jr., and Kathleen Tierney (Washington: International City/County Management Association, 2007).

Perry, R. W., & Lindell, M. K. (2007). Emergency Planning (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons).

Post Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act (PKEMRA) (Title VI of the Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2007, Pub. L. 109-295, 120 Stat. 1355 (2006)

Principles of Emergency Management Working Group (2007). “Emergency Management: Definition, Vision, Mission, Principles.” Retrieved August 14, 2009, from FEMA Higher Education Program website Also available in Hubbard, Jessica A. (ed.) Emergency Management in Higher Education: Current Practices and Conversations (Fairfax, VA: Public Entity Risk Institute, 2008), pp. 7-17.

Quarantelli, E.L. (1993). “The Environmental Disasters of the Future Will Be More and Worse, but the Prospect is not Hopeless.” Disaster Prevention and Management 2 (1): 11-25.

Quarantelli, E. (1997). Research Based Criteria for Evaluating Disaster Planning and Managing.Newark: DisasterResearchCenter.

Quarantelli, E. L. (1999). “Implications for Programs and Policies from Future Disaster Trends.” Risk Management. 9-19.

Rabkin, Norman J. (2008) Testimony before the Subcommittee on Transportation Security and Infrastructure Protection, Homeland Security Committee, U.S. House of Representatives, “Strengthening the Use of Risk Management Principles in Homeland Security,” Washington, DC: USGAO, GAO-08-904T, June 25.

Raisch, William, Matt Statler & Peter Burgi (2007), Mobilizing Corporate Resources to Disasters: Toward a Program for Action, The InternationalCenter for Enterprise Preparedness, New YorkUniversity(January 24).

Reese, Shawn (2005) Risk-Based Funding in Homeland Security Grant Legislation: Analysis of Issues for the 109th Congress, CRS Report for Congress, RL 33050, August 29.

Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, Public Law 93-288, as amended.

Robinson, Scott E., and Brian J. Gerber (2007), "A Seat at the Table for Nondisaster Organizations," The Public Manager (Fall): 4-7.

Rubin, Claire B., ed. (2007). Emergency Management: The American Experience, 1900-2005. (Fairfax, VA: Public Entity Risk Institute).

Schafer, Wendy A., et. al., Emergency Management Planning as Collaborative Community Work. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2008, Article 10. .

Schneider, Robert O., “A Strategic Overview of the ‘New’ Emergency Management”, (available at: )

Selves, Michael D., “Local Emergency Management: A Tale of Two Models”, ASPEP Journal, 1996. (available at: )

Stoddard, Abby. (2006) “Providing Aid in Insecure Environments: Trends in Policy and Operations,” Humanitarian Policy Group Briefing Paper 24, September 2006 (downloadable from web).

Street, Anne, and Gita Parihar (2007). “The UN Cluster Approach in the Pakistan Earthquake Response: An NGO Perspective,” Humanitarian Exchange, No. 37, March. (Available through Humanitarian Policy Group website

Sylves, Richard T., Disaster Policy and Politics: Emergency Management and Homeland Security (Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2007).

Sylves, R. T. (1991). Adopting integrated emergency management in the United States: political and cultural challenges. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters , 413-424.

Thomas, Deborah and Dennis Mileti. (2003). Designing Educational Opportunities for the Hazards Manager of the 21st Century. Workshop Report, October 22-24, 2003. Working Paper #109. NaturalHazardsCenter, University of Colorado: Boulder, Colorado.

Tierney, Kathleen J. (2006). Recent Developments in U.S. Homeland Security Policies and their implications for the management of extreme events. Handbook of Disaster Research.(New York: Springer), pp. 405-412.

Turner, Barry A. (2004). “Flexibility and Improvisation in Emergency Response.” Disaster Management. 6 (2): 84-89.

Twigg, John (2002). “Corporate Social Responsibility and Disaster Reduction: Conclusions and Recommendations,” Benfield Greig Hazard Research Centre, December.

US Department of Homeland Security. (2008). National Incident Management System.(WashingtonDC: US Department of Homeland Security).

US Government Accountability Office (2008). Catastrophic Disasters: Enhanced Leadership, Capabilities, and Accountability Controls Will Improve the Effectiveness of trhe Nation’s Preparedness, Response, and Recovery Systems, (Washington, DC: USGAO, GAO-06-618, September 6).

Wachtendorf, Tricia (2004). Improvising 9/11: Organizational Improvisation Following the WorldTradeCenter Disaster. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Delaware. (Available on the DisasterResearchCenter website)

Waugh, William L., Jr. (forthcoming),“Emergency and Crisis Management: Practice, Theory and Profession,” in The State of Public Administration: Issues, Problems, Challenges, edited by Donald C. Menzel and Harvey J. White (Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, forthcoming 2011).

Waugh, William L., Jr. (2009) “FEMA in Shambles” in The Impact of 9/11 on Politics and War: The Day that Changed Everything?, Volume 1, ed. Matthew J. Morgan, Foreword by R. James Woolsey, Jr., (New York: Palgrave McMillan, 2009), pp. 61-74.

Waugh, William L., Jr. (2009), “Mechanisms for Collaboration in Emergency Management: ICS, NIMS, and the Problem of Command and Control,” The Collaborative Public Manager: New Ideas for the Twenty-First Century, eds. Rosemary O’Leary and Lisa Blomgren Bingham (Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press), pp. 157-175.

Waugh, William L., Jr. (2007) “Local Emergency Management in a Post-9/11 World,” Emergency Management: Principles and Practice for Local Government, 2nd Edition, edited by William L. Waugh, Jr., and Kathleen Tierney (Washington, DC: ICMA), pp. 1-17.

Waugh, William L., Jr. (2006) “The Political Costs of Failure in the Responses to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita,” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Special Issue on “Shelter from the Storm: Repairing the National Emergency Management System after Hurricanes Katrina and Rita,” ed. W.L. Waugh, Vol. 604 (March 2006): 10-25.

Waugh, William L., Jr. (2003) “Terrorism, Homeland Security and the National Emergency Management Network,” Public Organization Review3 (2003): 373-385.

Waugh, William L., Jr. (2002) Leveraging Networks to Meet National Goals: FEMA and the Safe Construction Networks (Washington, DC: PricewaterhouseCoopers Foundation for The Business of Government, March). Retrieved from

Waugh, William L., Jr., and Gregory Streib (2006), “Collaboration and Leadership for Effective Emergency Management,” Public Administration Review, Special Issue on Collaborative Management 66 (December): 131-140.

Waugh, William L., Jr., and Richard T. Sylves (2002). “Organizing the War on Terrorism,” Public Administration Review, Special Issue(September): 145-153.

Waugh, William L. Jr. and Kathleen Tierney. 2007. “Future Directions in Emergency Management.” In Emergency Management: Principles and Practice for Local Government,2ndedition, edited by William L. Waugh, Jr. and Kathleen Tierney (Washington, D.C: International City/County Management Association).

Weick, K.E. (1993). “The Collapse of Sensemaking in Organizations: The Mann Gulch Disaster,” Administrative Science Quarterly 38 (4): 628-652.

Weick, K.E. (1998). “Improvisation as a Mindset for Organizational Analysis,”Organizational Science 9 (September-October): 543-545.

Wilson, Jennifer. (1999). “Professionalization and Gender in Local Emergency Management.”International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters. 17(1): 111-122.

Wilson, Jennifer and Arthur Oyola Yemaiel. (2000). “The Historical Origins of Emergency Management Professionalization in the United States.” The Journal of the American Society of Professional Emergency Planners. 7: 125-153.

Wisner, B., Blaikie, P., Cannon, T., and Davis, I. (2004). At Risk: Natural Hazards, People’s Vulnerability and Disasters (New York: Rutledge).

Youngs, G. A. (2009). Constructing Theory for Emergency Managers: A Principles-Base Approach. In Ideas From an Emerging Field: Teaching Emergency Management in Higher Education, edited by J.A. Hubbard (Fairfax: Public Entity Risk Institute), pp. 37-49.

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