PARTB–WRITTEN RESPONSE

DIRECTIONS:

  • Writeawell organized essay thatincludesastrongintroduction, body(topicand closingsentenceforeachparagraph), andconclusionthatanalyzesandinterpretstheassignedtask
  • Usetheinformationfromthedocumentsandtheanswersto thequestionsin PartA tosupportyourresponse
  • Donotsimplyrepeatthecontentsofthedocuments
  • Includedetails, examplesorreasonstodevelop yourideas
  • Utilizespecificrelatedoutsideinformation(yourknowledgeof socialstudies)

HISTORICALCONTEXT:

AftertheConstitutionwasadopted by allofthe States in1789,uniting theStatesintoonenation, differencesbetween theStateshad been worked outthroughcompromises.Formorethan30yearsargumentsbetween theNorthandSouthhad beengrowing.By1861thesedifferencesbetween theNorthernStates(whichincludedtheMid-Westernand WesternStates)andtheSouthernStateshadbecomesogreatthatcompromisewould nolongerwork.Thus,aconflictstarted withinournationthatwascalled theCivilWar(1861-1865).

TASK:

Mosthistoriansagreethat theCivilWarwascaused byseriesofeventsand growingdifferencesbetweentheStates. Writean essay explaining threereasonstheSouthernstatesseceded(withdrew)fromtheUnionwhichleadtotheAmericanCivilWar.

PARAGRAPH / TOPIC
1 / Introduction—DescribeAmericapre-CivilWarandwhy slaveryissucha big issue
2 / Reason#1forsecession;document supporttoo
3 / Reason#2forsecession; document supporttoo
4 / Reason#3forsecession;document supporttoo
5 / Conclusion—Sumup what you havelearned and explain ifyouthinktheSouthwasjustified(right)forleavingtheUnitedStates

PARTA-SHORTANSWER QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS:Thistaskisbasedontheaccompanyingdocuments(1-5). Someofthesedocumentshavebeen edited forthe purpose ofthetask.Thetask isdesigned to test yourability towork with historicaldocuments. Asyouanalyzethedocuments,takeinto accountboththesourceofthedocumentandtheauthor'spointofview.ForpartA,lookat each document and answerthequestionsaftereach document.Forpart B,use youranswersto thequestionsto help write awell-organizedessay.

DOCUMENT1-Compromise of1850

1.How werefuturenew statesto decide ifthey entered theUnion asafreeorslave state?

2.WhatwastheFugitiveSlaveLaw?

3.Howmany slavestatesaretherein1850?

4.Howmanyfreestatesaretherein1850?

5.Whatevidenceisthereonthemaptoshow apast compromise?

DOCUMENT2- Civil WarGraphs

1.UsingthePopulation graph,which section ofthe country had almosttwicethenumberofpeoplelivingthere?NorthorSouth?

2.UsingtheNumberofSoldiersgraph, whichsection ofthecountryhad almosttwicethenumberofsoldiersin theirarmy?NorthorSouth?

3.UsingtheNumberofFactoriesgraph,what isthe differencebetween theeconomiesoftheNorth andSouth?

4.Using theMilesofRailroad Tracksgraph,whichsection had a betterrailroadsystem to transportgoodsandsupplies?NorthorSouth?

5.Using all thegraphs,list3 reasonsandexplainwhy theNorthwould dobetterin a waragainst theSouth.

6.Explainwhytheinformationon thispage isaccurateornot accurate.Wherecouldyoulooktoverifythedata?

DOCUMENT3-Sectionalism(Differences between the NorthSouth)

1.Describetheeconomyof theSouth.How did thepeoplemakealiving?What didtheyneedforthistypeof economy?

2.DescribetheeconomyoftheNorth.How didthe peoplein Northmakealiving?Whatdidthey needfor thistypeofeconomy?

3.WhatisthedifferencebetweentheNorthernandSoutherneconomies?

DOCUMENT4- Slavery

1.WhatdidHarriet BeecherStowewriteaboutinUncleTom'sCabin?

2.Didmanypeopleread UncleTom'sCabin?Explainyour answer.

3.Whateffect did UncleTom'sCabin haveintheNorth?How didit makepeoplefeelaboutslavery?

DOCUMENT5- Lincoln'sElection

1.UsingLincoln's1860campaignposter,what did theRepublicanpartysupport?

2.Whatdoesthephrase"FreeTerritory"mean?

3.WhatpartofthecountrywouldvoteforLincoln?Why?

4.Whywouldtheelection ofLincolncauseSouthernstatestoleavetheUnion?

5.WhatdidtheSouth meanbythe phrase "state'srights"?

Document1

Compromiseof1850

HISTORICALBACKGROUND:

Until 1850, therewereequal numbersof slaveand free statesin the UnitedStates.TheCompromise of1850introducedintoCongressby Henry Clay wasdesignedtosettle theslaveryquestionarisingfromthe new westernlands acquiredaftertheMexican War.The Compromisegave somesatisfactionto both the NorthandtheSouth.The bill passedafteritwasdividedintoseveral parts:Californiaenters theUnion asafree state;UtahandNewMexico Territories areopened to slaveryon thebasis ofpopularsovereignty(i.e., territorialvoters decidethe issue);andthe slavetrade(butnotslavery)is abolishedinWashingtonD.C.It alsoincluded a strictfugitiveslavelaw thatrequiredNortherners toreturnescapedslaves totheirowners.

Source:Tindall'sANarrativeHistoryGallery

DOCUMENT2

CivilWarGraphs

SectionalDifferences

HISTORICALBACKGROUND:

ThesectionaldivisionbetweenNorthandSouthbeganincolonialtimesandresultedfromgeographicaldifferences. IntheSouth,theearliest settlersfoundthewarmclimateandfertilesoilideal forgrowingtobacco. Theystartedmanytobaccoplantationsand broughtinblack slavesfromAfricatoprovidemostofthelabor.Intime,otherplantationcrops,especially cotton,sugarcane,andsugarbeets,werefoundtothriveintheSouth.TheSouththusquicklyestablished arural way oflifesupported byan agricultural economybasedon slavelabor.

ThecoolerclimateandrockysoilintheNorthwere notsuitable forestablishingplantationsorlargefarms.Asaresult ofthose and otherfactors,theNorth'seconomy came to dependmoreontradethanonagriculture.Industryandcommercewerecenteredinthe North.Manyfactoriesusingmass-productionmethodshad sprung up there,andcitiesgrewrapidly."TheNorth developed anintricaterailway systemandshippingindustry totransport themanufactured goods.

Source:A-ZHistory

SouthernCottonPlantation1850sPittsburghFactories1850s

Slavery

HISTORICALBACKGROUND:

HarrietBeecherStowepublishedthebest-sellingantislaverynovel, UncleTom'sCabin,in1852.Shewrotethisbookto show thatslaverywasevil andthat theFugitiveSlaveLaw wasunjust.Many Northernersviewedslavery aswrong. Abolitionistswanted toend slaveryand somehelped slavesescapetotheNorthandCanada. TheSoutherner'sbelievedthattheywerestealingtheir property.

Mrs.Webb'sreading ofUncleTom'sCabinwasreviewed in Boston'sThe Liberatoron December15,1855.

"Mrs.Webbread to anaudience of1300persons.We trustthatthe storyof'Uncle Tom'mayfindaccess tothousandsofhearts,and sohasten theday when the millionsofwhom heistherepresentativeshall shakeoff thefetters(chains)ofcruel bondage,and standerectinthedignity ofthatfreedom."

UncleTom'sCabinByHarrietBeecherStowePublishedin1852

DOCUMENT5

LincolnElectedPresident

HISTORICALBACKGROUND:

November6, 1860-AbrahamLincoln,whohaddeclared"Governmentcannotendurepermanentlyhalfslave, halffree..."iselectedpresident.

Dec20,1860-South CarolinasecedesfromtheUnion.Followed withintwo monthsbyMississippi, Florida,Alabama,Georgia,Louisianaand Texas.SevenstatesoftheDeep South,thoseinwhichtheslaverysystemismostentrenched,leavetheUnion.ManySouthernersfavoredsecession aspartof theidea that thestateshaverightsand powerswhichthefederalgovernmentcannotlegally deny.Thesupportersofstates'rightsheldthatthenational governmentwasaleague of independentstates,anyof whichhadtheright tosecede.

Source:AmericanPoliticalPrints,1766-1876: ACatalogof theCollections intheLibrary of Congress,1991, by BernardF. Reilly, Jr.