Circulatory System Test reviewName:

1. What are the four main components of blood and what percentage of the blood are they?

2. What is the main function of each of the following:

red blood cells; white blood cells; platelets; plasma

3. What does the amount of white blood cells tell a doctor? How do doctors use the different types of white bloods cells to help with their diagnosis?

4. What are the two main groups of white blood cells? How do they differ?

5. How can you distinguish between the two main types of white blood cells?

6. What are the main components of plasma?

7. How is your pulse created and where are the common locations for doctors to take your pulse at?

8. What are the steps to making a blood clot?

9. What makes red blood cells red?

10. What is normal blood pressure, and what do the numbers stand for (systolic and diastolic)?

11. What is the average volume of blood in an adult?

12. Fill in the following chart:

Blood type / Antigens / Antibodies / Blood they can receive
A
B
AB
O
Rh+
Rh-

13. What is erythroblastosis fetalis, and how does it happen? What measures are taken to prevent this from occurring?

14. What are the layers of the pericardium?

15. What are the layers of the heart muscle wall? Which one is shared with the pericardium?

16. What is unique about the pulmonary artery? The pulmonary vein?

17. Label the following image. Also label the wall between the G and F as well the vessels leading into

C.

18. What is the pathway of blood through the heart and what type of blood is it (oxygen rich or oxygen poor?) Don’t forget to include the valves and blood vessels.

19. What is the function of the valves inside the heart?

20. What prevents the oxygenated blood from mixing with the deoxygenated blood?

21. What are the three main types of blood vessels? How can you distinguish between them?

22. What are HDL and LDL? Why is it important to know about them?

23. Discuss the following:

a. Angiogenesis and its effects on cancer

b. congestive heart failure and its treatment

c. the dynamics of a heart attack and the four methods of treatment.

Respiratory System Test review

1. How does the diaphragm change during inhalation? Exhalation?

2. What is the path of air into the lungs? – Name all the structures along the way

3. Where does the gas exchange actually occur? (there are two places)

4. What is the function of the cilia in the respiratory tract? The mucus lining?

5. What is the function of the respiratory system?

6. Where does the carbon dioxide originate from that we breathe out?

7. How do you take respiration rates and how would the amount of oxygen available in the air affect that rate?

8. How do the respiration and pulse rates of an athletic person differ from a non-athletic person?

9. How does air pressure affect the ability to breath? (How does it cause air to enter and leave the lungs?)

10. What is the function of the pleura membranes that surround the lungs and what will occur if they are punctured?

11. Explain how the respiratory and circulatory system depends on one another or work together.

12. What is the function of the epiglottis?

13. Why are male voices deeper than female voices (this is in reference to the physical structure of the vocal cords)?

14. How is ventilation different from respiration?

15. Why does mouth to mouthresuscitation work? (Remember this deal with the amount of oxygen in your breath, and how much goes into the blood.)

16. When you take some ones pulse and respiration rate, the numbers that you count are as follows: 6 breaths, 40 pulses. What is the patient’s true respiration and pulse rate?

17. What is the function of the nasal conchae? (This is the walls inside the nasal cavity.)

18. What is the function of the cartilage rings in the trachea?

19. Know the difference between the different types of volumes of the lungs. (Vital capacity, tidal volume, the reserve volumes, and the residual volume)

20. Articles: Don’t forget to go research about Asthma and tracheostomies.

- Asthma –

1. What does asthma do to your lungs?

2. What are some of the common triggers?

3. Explain how the air flow changes once a trigger is introduced?

4. How does an inhaler help and what are the long term medicines for this condition?

- Tracheostomies –

1. Why are Tracheotomies done?

2. What are some of the risks, long term and short term?

3. How is the procedure performed?

4. What is the prognosis of someone who now has a tracheostomy?

21. Explain emphysema.

22. Be able to label the respiratory system.