CI. Bibliographies, Data Banks, Guides; CII. Reference Works

1

PART 3

C. Reference Tools

CI. Bibliographies, data banks, guides; CII. Reference Works

CI. Bibliographies, data banks, guides

CIa. General

T. Besterman, A World Bibliography of Bibliographies and of Bibliographical Catalogues, 4th ed., 5 vols., Genève, 1965-66;

Bibliographic Index:ACumulative Bibliography of Bibliographies, New York, 1937-42 (only works in English);

W. Totok, Handbuch der bibliographischen Nachshlagewerke, 6th ed., Frankfurt, 1984;

Vsesoiuznaia knizhnaia palata, Bibliografiia sovetskoi bibliografii, Moscow, 1939- (a yearly handbook of bibliographies published in the USSR);

Knizhnaia letopis’: organ gosudarstvennoi bibliografii SSSR, Moscow, 1907- (The Soviet national bibliography).

Books published in the Soviet Union were listed in Ezhegodnik knigi SSSR: sistematicheskii ukazatel’, Moscow, 1925- (listing the books published in the USSR, by year). See also the Russian National Bibliography, in CD-ROM, with information on approximately 800,000 titles published in the USSR from 1980 to 1991 and in Russia from 1991 to 1995.

More directly relevant to history are:

1. International Bibliography of Historical Sciences, Oxford, 1926-1939, 1947-. A yearly publication, devoting particular attention to European history. Each volume lists thousand of titles, arranged by period, region and field covered. It includesindexes of authors, subjects, places and historical figures.

2. Historical Abstracts, an international index of historical works (articles, collective works, dissertations, etc.) on the post-1450 period, started in 1970 and today available online at (a subscription is needed).

3. Social Sciences Citation Index, Philadelphia, 1970-, in several series. It lists articles and books according to whohas quoted them and where. Available online at (a subscription is needed).

4. Data banks such as the already mentioned FRANCIS, and ABES, with its Système Universitaire de Documentation (Sudoc) (see AV. above).

Some guidance to reference books is provided in:

American Historical Association, Guide to Historical Literature, 3rd ed., New York, 1995;

E.P. Sheehy, Guide to reference books, 10th ed., Chicago, 1986;

A.J. Walford, ed., Walford’s Guide to Reference Material, 5th ed., London, 1989-, especially vols. 2 and 3;

C.M. White, Sources of Information in the Social Sciences:AGuide to the Literature, 3rd ed., Chicago, 1986.

CIb. Bibliographies and guides, Soviet history

CIb1. General

NB:To access the data banks listed below a subscription is often needed.

Among the online services one may recall:

1. The already mentioned Russian Reference Works site, prepared by W. Zalewski (see AIV. above);

2. Bibliographie européenne des travaux sur l’ex-URSS et l’Europe de l’Est, Started in 1974 and hosted by the EHEESsince 1981,it publishes yearly volumes, and is still freely available online.

3. American Bibliography of Slavic and East European Studies, Started in 1953 by the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies (AAASS), is based at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Library. It includes journal articles, books, book reviews, dissertations, etc.

4. RAN on-line bibliography, at and5. Rossiiskaia Gosudarstvennaia Biblioteka online bibliographical services,

The following printed works are also of interest (in alphabetical order):

M.L. Barukhina et al., eds.,Istoriia SSSR: annotirovannyi perechen’ russkikh bibliografii, 2nd ed., Moscow, 1966 (important);

Bibliothekswesen und Bibliographie in der Sowjetunion, 1945-1975: eine Bibliographie, Leipzig, 1978;

S.D. Boilard, Reinterpreting Russia:An Annotated Bibliography of Books on Russia, the Soviet Union, and the Russian Federation, 1991-1996, Lanham, Md., 1997;

P. Bruhn, ed., Bibliographien zum Schrifttum aus und uber Russland/UdSSR, Berlin, 1977-;

I.P. Doronin, ed., Ukazatel’ sovetskoi literatury za 1917-1967 gg., 3 vols.,Moscow, 1956-1981 (focusing on the pre-1917 period);

G.A. Glavatskikh et al., eds.,Istoriia SSSR: annotirovannyi ukazatel’ bibliograficheskikh posobii, 3rd ed., 2 vols.,Moscow, 1983-1985 (see also its supplement, edited in Moscow in 1985 by I.A. Guzeeva);

S.M. Horak, Russia, the USSR, and Eastern Europe: A Bibliographic Guide to English-Language Publications, 1964-1974, Littleton, 1978 (1st supplement, 1975-80; 2nd supplement, 1981-85);

P.L. Horecky, ed., Basic Russian Publications:An Annotated Bibliography on Russia and the Soviet Union, Chicago, 1962;

P.L. Horecky, ed., Russia and the Soviet Union: a bibliographic guide to western language Publications, Chicago, 1965;

INION, Novaia sovetskaia literatura po obshchestvennym naukam, istorii, arkheologii i etnografii, Moscow, , 1976- (continues the Novaia sovetskaia literatura po istorii, arkheologii i etnografii, 1949-76);

D.L. Jones, Books in English on the Soviet Union, 1917-1973:ABibliography, New York, 1975;

A. Lhéritier, Bibliographie des travaux parus en France concernant la Russie et l’U.R.S.S, Paris, 1963;

K. Meyer, Bibliographie zur osteuropaischen Geschichte, 1939-1964, Wiesbaden, 1972;

C.D. Schmidt, Bibliographie zur osteuropaischen Geschichte, 1965-1974, Wiesbaden, 1983;

J.S.G. Simmons, Russian Bibliography:ASelective List of Bibliographical References for Students of Russian history, literature, political and social sciences and philosophical thought, theology and Linguistics, Oxford, 1973;

A. Thompson, Russia - USSR:ASelective Annotated Bibliography of Books in English, Oxford, 1979;

L’U.R.S.S. dans les publications de la Documentation française, bibliographie, 1945-1965,
Paris, 1967;

V. Victoroff-Toporoff, “Rossica et sovietica”. Bibliographie des ouvrages parus en français de 1917 à 1930, Saint-Cloud, 1931.

Among the guides to reference books in the field the following are worth mentioning:

M. Croucher, ed., Slavic Studies:AGuide to Bibliographies, Encyclopedias, and Handbooks, 2 vols.,Wilmington, 1993;

F. de Bonnières, Guide de l’étudiant en russe, Paris, 1977;

Guide du slaviste: répertoire permanent des informations scientifiques et des renseignements pratiques concernant la slavistique et les études Est-européennes en France,Paris, 1972;

K. Maichel, Guide to Russian Reference Books, vol. 2, History, Auxiliary Historical Sciences, Ethnography, and Geography, Stanford, 1964;

C. Morley, Guide to Research in Russian History, Syracuse, 1951 (old, but still good for English language works, especially on the pre-1917 period);

H.M. Olmsted, Russian, Soviet, and East European Studies:ASelected Bibliography of Bibliographies and Other Primary Reference Sources, Cambridge, MA, 1991;

R, de Ponfilly, Guide russe, ukrainien, biélorusse de France, Paris, 1998.

CIb2. On specific topics

What follows is but a selection and an illustration of what has been done and may be found. On statistics see BVII. above. In alphabetical order.

Armed Forces

W. Green, Soviet Nuclear Weapons Policy:AResearch and Bibliographical Guide, Boulder, 1987;

M. Parrish, The Soviet Armed Forces:Books in English, 1950-1967, Stanford, 1970;

The Soviet Armed Forces, 1918-1992:AResearch Guide to Soviet Sources, Westport, CT, 1996.

Countryside

M. Armand, M. Aymard, “Le village soviétique: bibliographie sélectionnée des travaux en langues occidentales”, Archives internationales de Sociologie et Coopération, 2 (1974);

L.N. Denisova et al., eds.,Istoriia sovetskoi derevni (1917-1977 gg.): Ukazatel’ literatury, 1966-1977 gg., 3 vols.,Leningrad, 1984 (integrates a single volume with the same title, covering 1945-1967);

A. Gregorovich, Famine Genocide in Soviet Ukraine, 1933:Bibliography, 1999,

S.V. Kul’chyts’kyj, ed., Holodomor v Ukraїni 1932-33. Bibliografichnyi pokazhchyk, Odesa, 2001

C. A. Madden, The Ukrainian Famine (Holodomor) of 1932-1933, and Aspects of Stalinism: An Annotated Bibliography-in-Progress in the English Language, prepared for the Shevchenko Scientific Society, inc.,

Dissent

G. Liber, A. Mostovych, eds., Non-Conformity and Dissent in the Ukrainian SSR, 1955-1975: An Annotated Bibliography, Cambridge, MA, 1978;

A. Suetnov, ed., Samizdat: bibliograficheskii ukazatel’, Moscow, 1992;

J. Woll, Soviet Dissident Literature, a Critical Guide, Boston, MA, 1983.

Economics, economic history, law, social sciences

E.V. Bazhanova, ed., Narodnoe khoziaistvo SSSR: bibliograficheskii ukazatel’ (1917-1963 gg.), vol. 1, 1917-1920, Moscow, 1967;

W. E. Butler, Russian and Soviet Law, Zug, 1976;
Ekonomika SSSR: annotirovannyj perechen’ otechestvennykh bibliografii, opublikovannykh v 1917-1964 gg., 2 vols.,Moscow, 1965;

W.S. Heiliger, Bibliography of the Soviet Social Sciences, 1965-1975, 2 vols.,Troy, 1978;

T. N. Kamzolova, ed., Ekonomicheskaia istoriia: ukazatel’ sovetskoi literatury, 1981-1989 gg., Moscow, 1990;

I. Kavass, Soviet Law in English:Research Guide and Bibliography, 1970-1987, Buffalo, 1988;

M. Matthews, Soviet Sociology, 1964-75:ABibliography, New York, 1978;

V.N. Zemskov, Rabochii klass Rossiiskoi federatsii 1917-1980 gg.: ukazatel’ sovetskoj literatury, 1917-1980 gg., Moscow, 1982.

Education

W.W. Brickman, Russian and Soviet Education, 1731-1989:AMultilingual Annotated Bibliography, New York, 1992.

Foreign affairs

J.L. Black, Origins, Evolution, and Nature of the Cold War:An Annotated Bibliographic Guide, Santa Barbara, 1986;

K. Borck, Sowjetische Forschungen (1917 bis 1991) zur Geschichte der deutsch-russischen Beziehungen von den Anfangen bis 1949: Bibliographie, Berlin, 1993;

W.C. Clemens, Soviet Disarmament Policy, 1917-1963:An Annotated Bibliography,Stanford, 1965;

B. Frankel, ed., The Cold War, 1945-1991, 3 vols.,Detroit, 1992;

T.T. Hammond, Soviet Foreign Relations and World Communism:ASelected, Annotated Bibliography of 7,000 Books in 30 Languages, Princeton, 1965;

R.H. Johnston, Soviet Foreign Policy, 1918-1945:AGuide to Research and Research Materials, Wilmington, 1991;

R.E. Kanet, Soviet and East European Foreign Policy:ABibliography, 1967-1971, Santa Barbara, 1974.

Geography, individual regions

J. Sanchez, Bibliography for Soviet Geography, Chicago, 1985;

N.M. Poluiakhtova, ed., Istoriia Urala, Sovetskii period: bibliograficheskii ukazatel’, Sverdlovsk, 1990.

Historiography

Istoriia istoricheskoi nauki v SSSR: Sovetskij period, oktiabr’ 1917-1967 gg. Bibliografiia, Moscow, 1980 (See also DIIj2 below).

Memoirs

Istoriia sovetskogo obshchestva v vospominaniiakh sovremennikov, 1917-1957. Annotirovannyj ukazatel’ memuarnoi literatury, 1917-1957, 3 vols.,Moscow, 1958-1967.

Menshevism

A. Burgina, Sotsial-demokraticheskaia men’shevistskaia literatura: bibliograficheskii ukazatel’, Stanford, 1968.

Military

W.C. Green, ed., Soviet Nuclear Weapons Policy: A Research and Bibliographic Guide, Boulder, 1987;

Nationalities

M. Boiko, Bibliography of Ukrainian Bibliography of the State Period and Diaspora, 1917-1980, Bloomington, 1989;

Y. Bregel, Bibliography of Islamic Central Asia, Bloomington, 1995;

S.M. Horak, ed., Guide to the Study of the Soviet Nationalities:Non-Russian Peoples of the USSR, Littleton, 1982;

G.D. Hundert, G.C. Bacon, The Jews in Poland and Russia:Bibliographic Essays, Bloomington, 1984;

V.N. Neressian, Armenia, World Bibliographical series, no. 163, London, 1994

P. Polansky, “The Russians and Soviets in Asia,”International Library Review, 14 (1982);

Y. Luckert, Soviet Jewish history, 1917-1991. An Annotated Bibliography, London, 1992;

N.P. Vakar, A bibliographical Guide to Belorussia, Cambridge, MA, 1956.

Political police, repression, espionage

J. Burds, ed., Soviet Espionage & Secret Police

H. Kaplan, Bibliografia sul GULag, in M. Flores, F. Gori, eds., GULag. Il sistema dei lager in URSS, Milano, 1999

R.W. Leonard, “Studying the Kremlin’s secret soldiers: a historiographical essay on the GRU,” 1918-1945, The Journal of Military History, 3 (1992);

M. Parrish, Soviet Security and Intelligence Organizations, 1917-1990, Westport, CT, 1992;

R. Rocca, J. Dziak, eds.,Bibliography on Soviet Intelligence and Security Services,Boulder, 1985;

K.K. Tarasov, Totalitarnaia sistema v SSSR: Istoriia i puti preodoleniia,Moscow, 1992;

L. Zorin-Obrusníková, Soviet Prisons and Concentration Camps:An Annotated Bibliography, 1917-1980, Newtonville, 1980.

Religion

W.C. Fletcher, Christianity in the Soviet Union:An Annotated Bibliography, Los Angeles, 1963;

B. Korsch, Religion in the Soviet Union:ABibliography, 1980-1989, New York, 1992;

A.W. Wardin, Jr., Evangelical Sectarianism in the Russian Empire and the USSR:ABibliographic Guide, Lanham, MD, 1995.

Travel

H.W. Nerhood, To Russia and Return, OhioStateUniversity Press, 1968.

Women

R.G. Ruthchild, Women in Russia and the Soviet Union:An Annotated Bibliography, New York, 1993;

M. Payne, ed., Bibliography of Russian Women’s History, 1998, EmoryUniversity, online on H-Russia, see section AVI. above.

CIb3. On specific periods

Again, only a selection, chronologically arranged per period covered, is provided:

M. Frame, The Russian Revolution, 1905-1921:ABibliographic Guide to Works in English, Westport, CT, 1995;

R.E. Rutman, Rossiia v period pervoi mirovoi voiny i Fevral’skoi burzhuazno-demokraticheskoi revoliutsii: bibliograficheskii ukazatel’, 1953-1968 gg, Leningrad, 1975;

Bibliografiia russkoi revoliutsii i grazhdanskoi voiny, 1917-1921, Prague, 1938;

Velikaia Oktiabr’skaia sotsialisticheskaia revoliutsiia v proizvedeniiakh sovetskikh pisatelei, 1917-1966, Moscow, 1967;

O.S. and O.I. Pidhainy, The UkrainianRepublic in the Great East-European Revolution. A Bibliography, vols.5-7 of the work carrying the same title (see DIIIa6. below), Toronto, 1971;

H. Abramson, “Historiography of the Jews and the Ukrainian Revolution”, Journal of Ukrainian Studies, 2 (1990);

J.D. Smele, ed.,The Russian Revolution and Civil War, 1917-1921: An Annotated Bibliography, New York, 2003;

R.H. Johnston, Soviet Foreign Policy, 1918-1945:AGuide to Research and Research Materials, Wilmington, 1991;

P. Frykholm, NEP:ABibliography of Soviet and Western Literature, 1965-1995, University of Washington (1,100 entries);

S. Fitzpatrick, L. Viola, eds.,A Researcher’s Guide to Sources on Soviet Social History in the 1930s, Armonk, NY, 1990;

R. Binner, M. Junge, T. Martin, Great Terror in the Provinces of the USSR,1937-1938:ACooperative Bibliography, Cahiers du monde russe, 2-4 (2001), also availbale on line at H-Russia (see AVI. above);

J. Erickson, the Sources et references sections prepared for his two volume opus (see DIIId1. below). They are still, by far, the best guide to the literature on WWII even though it should of course now be supplemented with the documents, collections and the literature which became available after 1991;

N.A. Khrustova et al., eds.,Tyl Sovetskogo soiuza v gody Velikoi otechestvennoi voiny, 1941-1945: Ukazatel’ sovetskoi istoricheskoi literatury za 1965-1977 gg., 4 vols.,Moscow, 1980;

K. Berkhoff, “Ukraine under Nazi Rule (1941-1944):Sources and Finding Aids,”Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas, 1 (1997) and 2 (1997);

A.J. Edelheit, Bibliography on Holocaust Literature, Boulder, CO, 1986;

C. Syren, Shoah: une bibliographie, Dijon, 1998;

M.J. Smith, The Soviet Army, 1939-1980: AGuide to Sources in English, Santa Barbara, 1982;

J.M. Battle, T.D. Sherlock, Gorbachev’s Reforms:An Annotated Bibliography of Soviet Writings, 1985-June 1987, Gulf Breeze, FL, 1988;

J.L. Wieczynski, The Gorbachev Bibliography, 1985-1991, New York, 1996 .

CII.Reference works

CIIa. Atlases

CIIa1. Geographical

NB:See DIIj2. below for works on geography

M. Brawer, Atlas of Russia and the IndependentRepublics, New York, 1994;

R. Brunet, J. Eckert, Atlas de la Russie et des pays proches, Paris, 1995;

R. Clozier, H. Hill Collins, Jr., Atlas illustré, vol. 2, Europe orientale, U.R.S.S., Paris, 1971;

Federal’naia sluzhba geodezii i kartografii Rossii, Rossiiskaia federatsiia: atlas, Moscowand Paris, 1994;

R. Milner-Gulland, N. Dejevsky, Atlas de la Russie et de l’Union soviétique, Paris, 1990;

J. and A. Sellier, Atlas des peuples d’Orient: Moyen-orient, Caucase, Asie centrale, Paris, 1993;

Sovetskii soiuz: geograficheskoe opisanie, 23 vols.,Moscow, 1967-1972;

V.V. Tochenov, Atlas SSSR, Moscow, 1984.

CIIa2. Historical

A.E. Adams, An Atlas of Russian and East European History, New York, 1967;

K.V. Bazilevichet al., Atlas istorii SSSR, 3 vols.,Moscow, 1949-54;

G. Chaliand, Atlas du millénaire: la mort des empires, 1900-2015, Paris, 1998;

J. Channon, The Penguin Historical Atlas of Russia,London, 1995;
A.F. Chew, An Atlas of Russian History, New Haven, 1970;

R. et B. Crampton, Atlas of Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Century, London, 1996;

A. Dami, Les frontières européennes de 1900 à 1975: atlas, Genève, 1976;

H.C. Darby, H. Fullard, The New CambridgeModern History, vol. 14, Atlas, Cambridge, 1978;

G. Duby, ed., Atlas historique Larousse, Paris, 1978;

E. Friesel, Atlas of Modern Jewish History (1983), New York, 1990;

M. Gilbert, Russian History Atlas, 3rd ed., London, 2002;

T.E. Griess, ed., Atlas for the Second World War: Europe and the Mediterranean, Wayne, NJ, 1985;

P. Kovalevsky, Atlas historique et culturel de la Russie et du monde slave, Paris, 1961;

P.R. Magocsi, Ukraine: A Historical Atlas, Toronto, 1985 (excellent);

P.R. Magocsi, Historical Atlas of East Central Europe, Seattle, 1993 (excellent);

I.I. Mintset al., Velikii Oktiabr’. Atlas, Moscow, 1988;

A.Mutafian, E. van Lauwe, Atlas historique de l’Arménie, Paris, 2001;

Obrazovanie i razvitie Soiuza SSR. Atlas, Moscow, 1972;

A.N. Voznesenskiiet al., Atlas razvitiia khoziaistva i kul’tury SSSR, Moscow, 1967;

P. Young, ed., Atlas of the Second World War, New York, 1974.

CIIb. Encyclopedia, encyclopedic dictionaries, general histories

CIIb1. General(see also Wikipedia inAIV)

Bol’shaia Sovetskaia entsiklopediia, 3rd ed., Moscow, 1970- (see also Great Soviet Encyclopedia, New York, 1973), and its yearbook, the Ezhegodnik Bol’shoi Sovetskoi enctsiklopedii. Moscow, 1957-;

Entsiklopedicheskii slovar’ (“Brokgauz”), 41 vols., St. Petersbourg, 1890-1904 (an excellent source);

Entsiklopedicheskii slovar’ russkogo bibliograficheskogo instituta Granat, 33 vols.(good, but incomplete), Moscow, 1910-1948;

A. Brown, M. Kaser, G.S. Smith, eds.,The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Russia and the Former Soviet Union, Cambridge, 1994;

Encyclopedia of Ukraine, 5 vols.,Toronto, 1984-1993 (very useful);

Sovetskaia Ukraina, Kiev, 1986;

Heohrafichna entsyklopediia Ukrainy, 3 vols.,Kiev, 1989-.

S. Pons, R. Service, eds., Dizionario del comunismo nel XX secolo, 2 vols.,Torino, 2007

CIIb2. History, social sciences and literature

S.G. Pushkarev, Dictionary of Russian Historical Terms from the Eleventh Century to 1917, New Haven, 1970;

Sovetskaia istoricheskaia entsiklopediia, 16 vols.,Moscow, 1961-1969;

J. L. Wieczynski, ed., Modern Encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet History, Gulf Breeze, 1976-. (after vol. 56 it became The Modern Encyclopedia of Russian, Soviet and Eurasian history);

Z. Katz, ed., Handbook of Major Soviet Nationalities, London, 1975;

J.S. Olson, ed., An Ethno-HistoricalDictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires, Westport, CT, 1994;

R. Wixman, The Peoples of the USSR: An Ethnographic Handbook, New York, 1984;

G. Reclus, R. Brunet, La Russie. Dictionnaire géographique, Paris, 2001;

I. Telberg, Russian-English Geographical Encyclopedia, New York, 1960;

F.J.M. Feldbrugge, ed., Encyclopedia of Soviet Law, 2 vols., Dobbs Ferry, 1973;

I. Telberg, Soviet-English Dictionary of Legal Terms and Concepts, New York, 1961;

M. Colucci, R. Picchio, eds.,Storia della civiltà letteraria russa, vol. 2, Il Novecento, Torino, 1997 (very useful);

A Dictionary of Russian Literature Since 1917, New York, 1988;

E. Etkind, G. Nivat, I. Serman, V. Strada, Storia della letteratura russa, vol. 3, Il Novecento, Torino, 1989 (good);

W. Kasack, Lexikon der russischen Literatur des 20. Jahrhunderts, 2nd ed., Munich, 1992;

V. Terras, ed., Handbook of Russian Literature, New Haven, 1985;

A.P. Alekseev et al., Filosofy Rossii XIX-XX stoletii (biografii, idei, trudy). Entsiklopedicheskii slovar’, Moscow, 1993;

Politicheskaia ekonomiia. Ekonomicheskaia Entsiklopediia, 4 vols.,Moscow, 1972-1980;

K. Dushenko, Slovar’ sovremennykh tsitat, Moscow, 1997;

R.D. Laird, A. Betty, A Soviet Lexicon:Important Concepts, Terms, and Phrases, Lexington, MA, 1988;

Politicheskie partii Rossii. Konets XIX-pervaia tret’ XX veka. Entsiklopediia, Moscow, 1996;

V. Pribylovskij, Slovar’ novykh politicheskikh partii i organizatsii Rossii, Moscow, 1991;

P.D. Steeves, ed., Modern Encyclopedia of Religions in Russia and the Soviet Union, 7 vols., Gulf Breeze, 1988- (after vol. 7 Modern Encyclopedia of Religions in Russia and Eurasia).

CIIc. Biographical dictionaries

CIIc1. General, political

StanfordUniversity’s site on biographical sources, at is useful. It has sections on: 1. Bibliography; 2. General sources; 3. Government, political and military leaders; 4. Scholars and scientists; 5. Writers; 6. Artists; 7. Cinema, theatre, ballet, opera; 8. Musicians; 9. Émigrés.

Deiateli revoliutsionnogo dvizheniia v Rossii; bio-bibliograficheskii slovar’, 10 vols.,Moscow, 1927-1934 (Leipzig, 1974 –covers the Tsarist era);

Entsiklopedicheskii slovar’ Granat, Deiateli Soiuza sovetskikh sotsialisticheskikh respublik i oktiabr’skoi revoliutsii (1929), Moscow, 1989;

A.D. Chernev, ed., 229 Kremlevskikh vozhdei. Politburo, Orgburo, Sekretariat TsK Kommunistocheskoi partii v litsakh i tsifrakh, Moscow, 1996;

R.W.Davies, et al., Soviet Government Officials, 1922-1941. A Handlist, Birmingham, 1990;

J. Gotovitch, M. Narinski, ed., Komintern, l’histoire et les hommes: dictionnaire biographique de l’Internationale communiste, 1919-1943, Paris: les Éd. de l'Atelier,2001;

G. Hodnett, V. Ogareff, Leaders of the Soviet Republics, 1955-1972, Canberra, 1980;

I.M. Kaufman, Russkie biograficheskie i biobibliograficheskie slovari, Moscow, 1955;

V.I. Ivkin, ed., Gosudarstvennaia vlast’ SSSR. Vysshie organy vlasti i upravleniia i ikh rukovoditeli, 1923-1991. Istoriko-biograficheskoi spravochnik, Moscow, 1999;

Portraits of Prominent USSR Personalities, 4 vols., Metuchen, NJ, 1968-1971 (ContinuesWho’s Who in the USSR, Montreal, 1961-66);

The Soviet Biographic Archive, 1954-1985, Chadwyck-Healy, Radio Free Europe-Radio Liberty, Hoover Institution (1 million entries, in microfiche);

U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, Directory of Soviet Officials, 1 vol.: National Organizations, 1973-; 2 vol.: RSFSROrganizations, 1976-; 3 vol.: UnionRepublics, 1975-; 4. vol.: Science and Education, 1980-,Washington, DC, annual editions through 1989 (when rapid personnel changes led to a suspension in publication, which became permanent after the USSR disintegrated);

P.B. Volubuev, ed., Politicheskie deiateli Rossii 1917. Biograficheskij slovar’, Moscow, 1993;

J. Vronskaya, J. Chuguev, The Biographical Dictionary of the Former Soviet Union:Prominent People in All Fields from 1917 to the Present, London, 1992;

Who’s Who in the Soviet Union:ABiographical Encyclopedia of 5,000 Leading Personalities, Munich, 1984;

Who’s Who in the Soviet Union:Political and Military Leaders, 2 vols.,New York, 1990;

Who Was Who in the USSR:ABiographic Directory Containing 5,015 Biographies, Metuchen, 1972;

Who Was Who in the Soviet Union:ABiographical Dictionary of More Than 4,600 Leading Officials to 1991, New York, 1992;

K.A. Zalesskii, Imperiia Stalina. Biograficheskii entsiklopedicheskii slovar’, Moscow, 2000.

CIIc2. Culture and miscellaneous

Only a selection is presented.

Akademiia nauk SSSR. Personal’nyi sostav, 2 vols.,1917-1974, Moscow, 1974;

G. Balski, Directory of Eastern European Film Makers and Films, 1945-1991, Westport, CT, 1992;

A.S. Birkos, Soviet Cinema:Directors and Films, Hamden, CT, 1976;

B.Ia. Brainina, E.F. Nikitina, eds., Sovetskie pisateli. Avtobiografii, 5 vols.,Moscow, 1959-1972;

A. Brown, ed., The Soviet Union. A Biographical Dictionary, London, 1990;